DE913159C - stopwatch - Google Patents

Description

Stopwatch In engineering, the task at hand is often one continuously ongoing process that changes from a first state to a second state, and where the transition state is more or less undefined, the exact one To determine the point in time of the mean value of the transition state.

Such a task exists, for example, in a navigation method by means of a radio beacon, alternating in a complementary dot-dash rhythm Sensed directional diagrams are brought to the intersection and in the intersection angle Continuous wave, which marks a bearing beam. This bearing beam is rotating offset and a direction determination is carried out in such a way that one starts from a null sign off at the receiving location counts the number of dots or lines that have to be passed through of the continuous wave (bearing beam) occur through the receiving location, and from the number of the received characters determines the direction of the recipient to the sender. Because now However, if the bearing beam itself represents an angle, this has one in the far field certain width, and the passage of the bearing beam through the receiving location is required a certain time. For an exact determination of the direction transmitter-receiver is however, it is necessary to know the exact time of the mean value passage of the bearing beam through the Receiving location knows. This determination of the mean is not clearly possible with the above procedure.

One can help oneself by noting the disappearance of a kind of sign when the bearing beam passes through the receiving point, it tells the world in the same rhythm, until the complementary symbol appears, and then the fictitious one above the bearing beam width counted number of characters halved and counted among the clearly perceived first Adding characters. This procedure is reasonably accurate, but inconvenient.

In the case of continuously running processes that start from a first state pass into a second state and in which there are no different characters, that can be counted are present, but for example the first state through a color and the second state is identified by a second color and the first color continuously merges into the second color is one such Procedure no longer possible to the exact temporal center of the color transition state ascertain.

The invention now relates to a stopwatch by means of which a determination is made the point in time of the mean value of such continuously running processes, transition from one state to a second state is easily possible.

The stopwatch is characterized in that it is between the normal Start and normal stop actuation has one or two actuation options, which stop the clock and let it run again, and that the clock is at least between the penultimate and last possible activity or always only half the time the actual elapsed time.

The clock can be designed, for example, in such a way that the second actuation, the pointer continues to run at half speed, or the clock can have two dials, of which the second dial with opposite the first dial is provided with double stretched division and this second Dial is firmly coupled to the pointer and on the second actuation of the Clock this second dial is decoupled from the pointer and preferably locked. Other types of training are described later.

With such a stopwatch, the determination of the mean value the transition from a first state to a second state is easy feasible.

If you operate the clock when the first condition occurs or after a start signal at which the first state is still clearly recognized as such, so the clock or the pointer starts running at normal speed. In that moment, in which the first state changes into the transition state (in the example mentioned Bearing beam or mixed color etc.). the clock is operated for the second time, whereupon it continues to run at half speed. If the second state is clearly recognized, d. H. In the example chosen, first recognition of the complementary tactile characters or clear recognition of the second color, the clock is stopped and left on the scale the time, the number or the angle up to the mean value of the transition state Read off the mean value of the bearing beam. The prerequisite for this is, of course, that the Normal speed of the clock of the running speed of the continuous process corresponds or is selected according to the duration, d. H. in the example given of a rotary radio beacon, the clock must be synchronized with the rotation of the rotary radio beacon be, d. H. one revolution of the hand of the clock must be the same or double Time for one revolution of the rotary radio beacon.

In the event that internal intervention in the movement is not desired is and the pointer speed should be kept constant, you can turn the clock provided with a second dial which can be rotated inside or outside of the first dial is arranged and which has a division that is double is as stretched as the division of the first dial. This second dial is coupled to the pointer so that it rotates with the same. The second When the clock is operated, this second dial is decoupled from the pointer and placed in the The decoupling position is locked while the pointer continues to run at normal speed. The third time the watch is pressed, the pointer is stopped and the exact mean value is displayed is now the difference between the values of the two dials over which the pointer is positioned.

This arrangement is shown in FIG. A is the fixed dial, B the rotating dial, which is connected to the pointer Z in the one on the left. The rest position shown in the figure is coupled. The right illustration of Fig. I shows at C the second actuation of the clock, ie the moment in which the second dial B is decoupled from the pointer and locked. The pointer continues to run and is stopped in position D on the third actuation. It shows the value 1 50 on the A scale and 45 on the B scale if the watch is pressed for the second time at the 6o value on the A scale. The difference between the values read from the two dials, namely i 50 --- 45 = ro5, indicates the exact point in time of the mean value of the transition state in terms of space or time. When this stopwatch is used in the navigation process, the dials are calibrated in degrees and then calibrated in seconds. if the temporal determination of the mean value is desired.

Another possibility is that you have the clock with a split second that is permanently coupled to the pointer when the watch is operated for the first time is; the second time the clock is pressed, the drag pointer is decoupled from the pointer and stops while the pointer continues to run and only after the third actuation the clock is stopped. The angle that the split-seconds pointer then forms with the pointer, shows in the selected example the duration of the transition state, i.e. H. in the selected example the beam width. A mediation can then by reading both pointers. An exact display can thereby be achieved be, as shown in Fig. 2, that you can move the pointer Z with two drag pointers couples, wherein the first drag pointer S1 stops after the second actuation of the clock and wherein the second drag pointer S2 between the drag pointer S1 and the pointer Z is suspended by springs F so that it automatically moves into the bisector of the angle formed by the drag pointer S1 and the pointer Z. Of the Pointer S2 then directly supplies the time, number or angle up to the mean value of the transitional state.

A further implementation can consist in the fact that the clock is with the start and stop actuation with two intermediate (stop-start) actuation options provides and runs at half speed, d. H. one revolution of the pointer the clock corresponds to the time in which the radio beacon makes two revolutions. When the watch is started for the first time, the pointer starts moving in one direction, at the first time you press the stop, the pointer is locked, and when you press the start again the pointer reverses its direction, whereby the speed remains the same, and the last time the watch is stopped, the pointer stops and shows the desired one Value when the zero position of the pointer is on the center of the scale. This example is shown in FIG. 3. Let us assume that during one revolution of the rotary beacon sixty characters are sent out, made up of dots and then dashes put together, u.nd that the transition zone (guide beam width) for example ten Sign amount. The clock's scale is also divided into sixty graduation marks, and the zero position of the pointer is on the division 30. Let's take indicates that first twenty dots and then thirty lines at the receiving point are counted, the first time the clock is started, the pointer runs from 3o to q.o, as the clock only runs at half speed, and is set at the beginning of the Continuous strokes stopped. With the second start actuation, when the dashes appear, if the pointer reverses its direction, it sweeps over fifteen tick marks and shows the exact desired mean value of the transition state with 2-5. Instead of The scale can of course directly calibrate the scale in sixty characters be calibrated in degrees.

Claims (6)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Stop watch, in particular for determining the mean value point in time of a transition state of a process which runs continuously over a certain period of time and which changes from a first state to a second state, characterized in that the clock has one or two operating options in between between the normal start activation and the normal stop activation, which stop the clock and let it run again and that the clock shows at least between the penultimate and last possible actuation or always only half the time of the actually elapsed time. 2. Stopwatch according to claim i, characterized characterized in that the pointer starts at half speed from the first actuation of the stop continues. 3. Stopwatch according to claim i, characterized in that with the pointer (Z) a second dial (B) with opposite the first dial to double extended division is coupled, which at the first stop by the pointer (Z) is decoupled and preferably locked. q .. Stopwatch according to claim i, characterized characterized in that at least one drag pointer is coupled to the pointer, which is decoupled from the pointer when the stop is actuated for the first time. 5. Stopwatch according to claim q., characterized in that a second drag pointer (S2) is provided which suspended between the first drag pointer (S1) and the pointer (Z), resiliently (F) is such that it is always in the middle between the split-seconds pointer position and pointer position adjusts. 6. Stopwatch according to claim i, characterized in that the pointer of Clock runs at half speed and after the first stop and again Start actuation reverses its direction of rotation.