DE898705C - Process for the production of diffusion coatings - Google Patents
Process for the production of diffusion coatingsInfo
- Publication number
- DE898705C DE898705C DEK2740D DEK0002740D DE898705C DE 898705 C DE898705 C DE 898705C DE K2740 D DEK2740 D DE K2740D DE K0002740 D DEK0002740 D DE K0002740D DE 898705 C DE898705 C DE 898705C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- salt
- coating
- diffusion
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 halogen salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- PCLURTMBFDTLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel platinum Chemical group [Ni].[Pt] PCLURTMBFDTLSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical group [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 5
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/18—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C10/26—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions more than one element being diffused
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C10/00—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces
- C23C10/18—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions
- C23C10/20—Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions only one element being diffused
- C23C10/24—Salt bath containing the element to be diffused
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Diffusionsüberzügen Es ist bereits vorgeschlagen, gehört aber noch nicht zum Stande der Technik, Chromdiffusionsüberzüge auf Gegenständen aus Eisen bzw. Stahl in der Weise herzustellen, daß man chro@mosalzhaltige Salzbäder bei Temperaturen von etwa 700 bis 120o° C so lange auf eiserne oder eisenhaltige Gegenstände einwirken läßt, bis diese mit einer chromhaltigen Diffusionsschicht und gegebenenfalls einer darüberliegenden Chromschicht überzogen sind. Es findet bei diesem Verfahren ein Austausch zwischen dem Chrom des Chromosalzes und dem in der Oberfläche des zu verchromenden Gegenstandes befindlichen Eisen statt, dergestalt, daß in dem Maße, in dem an den Berührungsstellen Chrom aufgenommen wird, Eisen in Lösung geht. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß dieses Verfahren nicht nur zur Herstellung diffusionsverchromter Gegenstände geeignet ist, sondern ,daß auf diese Weise auch Diffusionsüberzüge anderer Metalle erzeugt werden können, sofern man in den Salzbädern das Chromosalz ganz oder teilweise durch mindestens ein Salz, insbesondere ein Halogensalz, mindestens eines anderen Metalls ersetzt, das bei den in Frage kommenden Temperaturen nicht in =nennenswerter Menge flüchtig ist und mit Eisen im Sinne eines Austausches zwischen Eisen und dem jeweiligen Metall des Salzes reagiert. Gegenüber anderen Verfahren, die die Herstellung von Diffusionsüberzügen in neutralen Salzbädern unter Zuisatz feinverteilter Metalle anstreben und bei denen das Eisen sich nicht im Sinne eines Austausches an einer chemischen Reaktion beteiligt, hat das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung den Vorzug, daß stets gleichmäßig dicke Ü1erzüge entstehen, daß ferner die erforderlichen Glühzeiten kürzer sind und daß das Verfahren in seiner Durchführung einfacher ist.Process for the production of diffusion coatings It has already been proposed but is not yet part of the state of the art, chrome diffusion coatings on objects made of iron or steel in such a way that one chro @ mosalthaltige salt baths at temperatures of around 700 to 120o ° C for so long on iron or ferrous Objects can act until they are covered with a chromium-containing diffusion layer and optionally coated with an overlying chrome layer. It finds in this process an exchange between the chromium of the chromosalt and the in the surface of the object to be chrome-plated instead of iron, in such a way that that to the extent that chromium is absorbed at the points of contact, iron in Solution works. It has been shown that this process is not just for production Diffusion chromed objects is suitable, but that in this way too Diffusion coatings of other metals can be generated provided one is in the salt baths the chromosalt in whole or in part by at least one salt, in particular a halogen salt, at least one other metal replaced at the temperatures in question is not volatile in a significant amount and with iron in the sense of an exchange reacts between iron and the respective metal of the salt. Over other Process that involves the manufacture of diffusion coatings in neutral salt baths Aim for the addition of finely divided metals and for which the iron does not take part in a chemical reaction in the sense of an exchange the method according to the invention has the advantage that always uniformly thick Ü1erzug arise that further the required annealing times are shorter and that the process is easier to carry out.
Neben dem Eisen können auch andere, entweder mit .dem Eisen legierte oder in einem vorherigen Verfahren auf das Eisen aufgebrachte Metalle, wie Mangan oder Chrom, den Austausch bewirken. Ein solcher Austausch kann zugunsten :des Austausches mit Eisen in manchen Fällen dadurch vermindert bzw. unterdrückt werden, daß man dem zu verwendenden Salzbad eine bestimmte Menge eines Salzes des Metalls zufügt, das .den Austausch nicht bewirken soll.In addition to iron, others can also be used, either alloyed with iron or metals such as manganese deposited on the iron in a previous process or chrome, effect the exchange. Such an exchange can benefit: the exchange with iron can be reduced or suppressed in some cases by the fact that add a certain amount of a salt of the metal to the salt bath to be used, that. should not bring about the exchange.
Die Güte, insbesondere die Dichtigkeit des erzeugten Diffusionsüberzuges, ist vor allem abhängig von den Volumen der sich austauschenden Metalle. Die günstigsten Überzüge werden beim Austausch gleicher Metallvolumen erzielt. Es ist daher vorteilhaft, die Wertigkeitsstufe des im Salzbad anzuwendenden Metallsalzes so zu wählen, daß fliese Bedingung erfüllt ist. Wenn man zum Beispiel einen Niobüberzug anbringen will, so ist zu berücksichtigen, daß das ,Molekularvolumen des Niobs mit etwa T0,85 em3 zu dem des Eisens, mit 7,3 cm3 etwa im Verhältnis 3 : 2 steht. Aus diesem Verhältnis ergibt sich unter der Voraussetzung, daß bei dem Austausch des Niobs mit Eisen Eisen-2,-chlorid entsteht, daß man die günstigsten Bedingungen zur Erzeugung eines Niobüberzuges bei Anwendung von Niob-3-chlorid erhält, da dann etwa ein Volumen Eisen ,durch ein Volumen Niob ersetzt wird.The quality, in particular the tightness of the diffusion coating produced, is mainly dependent on the volume of the exchanged metals. The cheapest Coatings are achieved by exchanging the same volume of metal. It is therefore advantageous to choose the valency level of the metal salt to be used in the salt bath so that tile condition is met. For example, if you apply a niobium coating wants, it must be taken into account that the molecular volume of niobium is about T0.85 em3 to that of iron, with 7.3 cm3 in a ratio of about 3: 2. From this relationship results on the assumption that when the niobium is exchanged for iron, iron 2, chloride arises that one has the most favorable conditions for the production of a niobium coating when using niobium-3-chloride, about one volume of iron is retained by one Volume of niobium is replaced.
Das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung läßt sich bei vielen in der Stahllegierungskunde bekannten Metallen anwenden, vor allem bei den Metallender Vanadin- und Wolframgruppe des Periodischen Systems der Elemente nach von Antropoff. Ferner seien die Metalle der Nickel-Platin-Gruppe sowie die der Kupfer- und Mangangruppe und Wismut genannt.The method according to the invention can be used by many in steel alloy science use known metals, especially those of the vanadium and tungsten groups of the Periodic Table of the Elements according to von Antropoff. Furthermore, let the metals the nickel-platinum group as well as those of the copper and manganese group and bismuth.
In vielen Fällen kann durch gleichzeitiges Einbringen verschiedener Metallsalze in das Salzbad ein Eindiffundieren mehrerer Metalle in die Oberfläche eines Eisen- bzw. Stahlgegenstandes erreicht werden, wobei neben anderen auch Salze von Metallen zur Anwendung kommen können, die allein nicht oder nur langsam in Eisen eindiffun-Bieren. Auf ,diese Weise kann man beispielsweise gleichzeitig Nickel und Chrom eindiffundieren. In anderen Fällen ist es wiederum vorteilhaft, mehrere Salzbäder nacheinander anzuwenden und damit nacheinander verschiedene Metalle in die Oberfläche eindiffundieren zu lassen.In many cases, the simultaneous introduction of different Metal salts in the salt bath mean that several metals diffuse into the surface an iron or steel object can be achieved, among others also salts of metals can be used, which alone cannot or only slowly in iron diffuse beers. In this way you can, for example, at the same time nickel and Diffuse in chromium. In other cases it is again advantageous to have several salt baths to apply one after the other and thus one after the other different metals into the surface to diffuse in.
Zur Vermeidung von Oxydation ist es empfehlenswert, die Salzbäder unter Schutzgas zu halten oder andere Schutzvorrichtungen, wie z. B. Abdecken des Salzbades mit Holzkohle, vorzusehen.To avoid oxidation it is recommended to use the salt baths to keep under protective gas or other protective devices, such as B. Covering the Salt bath with charcoal to be provided.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEK2740D DE898705C (en) | 1940-07-10 | 1940-07-10 | Process for the production of diffusion coatings |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEK2740D DE898705C (en) | 1940-07-10 | 1940-07-10 | Process for the production of diffusion coatings |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE898705C true DE898705C (en) | 1953-12-03 |
Family
ID=7209560
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEK2740D Expired DE898705C (en) | 1940-07-10 | 1940-07-10 | Process for the production of diffusion coatings |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE898705C (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1235702B (en) * | 1960-06-08 | 1967-03-02 | Boller Dev Corp | Process for applying firmly adhering coatings made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy to ferrous metals for protection against oxidation at high temperatures by immersion in a molten aluminum bath |
| DE1253989B (en) * | 1963-03-28 | 1967-11-09 | Du Pont | Process for the diffusion of metals into an iron surface |
| DE1259669B (en) * | 1963-12-30 | 1968-01-25 | Du Pont | Process for the production of an oxidation-resistant surface layer on objects made of refractory metals |
| DE1289379B (en) * | 1962-10-16 | 1969-02-13 | North American Aviation Inc | Process for the production of chromium-containing coatings |
-
1940
- 1940-07-10 DE DEK2740D patent/DE898705C/en not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1235702B (en) * | 1960-06-08 | 1967-03-02 | Boller Dev Corp | Process for applying firmly adhering coatings made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy to ferrous metals for protection against oxidation at high temperatures by immersion in a molten aluminum bath |
| DE1289379B (en) * | 1962-10-16 | 1969-02-13 | North American Aviation Inc | Process for the production of chromium-containing coatings |
| DE1253989B (en) * | 1963-03-28 | 1967-11-09 | Du Pont | Process for the diffusion of metals into an iron surface |
| DE1259669B (en) * | 1963-12-30 | 1968-01-25 | Du Pont | Process for the production of an oxidation-resistant surface layer on objects made of refractory metals |
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