DE8801711U1 - Multilayer thread winding body - Google Patents

Description

A3GW32172 GM-i

A k &zgr;&ogr; GmbH, Wuppertal

Multilayer thread winding body

Description

The invention relates to a multi-layered thread winding body in which at least some of the threads are helical and/or some of the threads are spiral-shaped, the threads within each thread layer are arranged at a mutual distance and the threads of adjacent successive thread layers cross each other.

Thread winding bodies are known which are produced by winding a thread into a cross-wound bobbin . This type of production is very complex and offers only limited design options for the thread winding bodies which can be produced in this way.

Multi-layered thread winding bodies made of a spirally wound fabric or knitted fabric are also known.

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When using hollow threads, this type of thread winding body can cause the hollow threads to buckle at the crossing points. In addition, the production of woven and knitted fabrics, especially woven or knitted hollow thread mats, is complex.

EP B1 0 093 677 discloses a multi-layer hollow fiber winding body which can be manufactured by rolling up several layers of overlapping, crossing hollow fibers in a spiral. The individual hollow fiber layers of this winding body are then arranged in a spiral, whereby the hollow fibers are not held by several transverse fibers. Due to the resulting lack of sufficient transverse mixing, the convective heat or mass transport in the extracapillary space of this known hollow fiber winding body leaves much to be desired. In addition, it has been shown in practice that the originally regular arrangement of the hollow fibers is greatly disturbed during further processing, so that gaps form in the hollow fiber winding body as a result of the displacement and placement of hollow fibers, which lead to the formation of channels. The manufacturing process described in this patent specification is also very complex and offers only limited design options for the hollow fiber winding body. In addition, some of the hollow threads in this known hollow thread winding body have deflection points that arise due to the reversal of the traversing movement when winding the polygonal drum with hollow threads at the end of the drum. This can damage the hollow threads at the deflection points, ie cause them to leak or even break.

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The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a multi-layered thread winding body which has no threads with deflection points, whose threads are kept at a mutual distance, which offers greater combination and design options with regard to the arrangement of the threads, which ensures excellent convective heat and/or material transport and which can be produced in a simple manner.

This object is achieved by a fader winding body according to claim 1.

The thread winding body according to the invention can have a cross-section filled with threads, an annular cross-section with a central axial flow channel or an annular cross-section with a central axial free

hollow space filling tubular or solid core

point.

\ The thread winding body according to the invention is suitable for

, Treatment of liquid, vaporous and gaseous media.

S Spiral-shaped means in the sense of the present invention

"in the form of a helical line that is steep in relation to the longitudinal axis of the thread winding body , i.e. in the form of a helical line with a large pitch angle*&diams; This has the consequence that the length of the threads formed in this way is not significantly greater than the length of the thread winding body.

Threads means full threads and/or hollow threads.

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In the context of the present invention, spiral means "in the form of a spiral arranged in a plane lying essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the thread winding body". This means that depending on the number of thread layers and the thread layers and depending on the length of the thread winding body, the threads formed in this way can also have a length that differs significantly from the length of the thread winding body.

The terms thread layer and thread mat are to be understood as follows: A thread mat is understood to be a flat, single-layer arrangement of threads in which the threads are held by thread- or band-shaped or similar means running transversely to the threads. A thread layer is understood to be the section of a thread mat wound up per full revolution of the thread winding body during production. For example, if you wind two thread mats onto a core by allowing it to make ten full revolutions, you get a thread winding body that has a total of twice ten, i.e. twenty, thread layers.

The term thread layer refers to a wound mat of threads.

Within a thread stack or mat, the threads do not necessarily have to be arranged parallel to one another, although this is usually the most practical design.

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The inserted cross threads that keep the threads at a distance from each other can be introduced, for example, by a weaving or knitting process, i.e. as so-called warp or weft threads. To improve the convective heat or material transport, the threads and/or the inserted cross threads are preferably structured and/or profiled. If, for example, textile multifilament threads are used, these are preferably textured. The cross threads should be guided relatively loosely around the threads, particularly in the case of hollow threads, in order to avoid an angle-rigid connection or constriction of the threads by the inserted cross threads.

The threads of adjacent successive layers of the thread winding body can also be spirally formed in the same direction, but then have a different length due to the condition that they cross each other. As a rule, however, the threads of adjacent successive layers are spirally formed in opposite directions or alternately spirally and spirally or alternately spirally and straight (parallel to the axis) or alternately spirally and straight (parallel to the axis). However, three or more layers of differently formed threads can also be arranged alternately, ie in successive layers, for example alternating spirally formed threads or spirally and straight threads or alternating two layers of oppositely formed spirally formed threads.

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Threads and a layer of spiral or straight threads. In any case, only those threads that do not belong to the same thread layer cross each other.

The thread winding body can have hollow threads that are suitable for heat transfer or hollow threads that are suitable for material transfer, material exchange or material separation. Solid threads and/or hollow threads that differ in terms of their properties and/or their dimensions and/or their shape can be arranged together in a thread winding body so that, for example, heat transfer from a medium A to a medium B can be effected by hollow threads suitable for this purpose, while at the same time material transfer from medium B to medium C and/or vice versa takes place with the help of solid threads or hollow threads suitable for this purpose. Microporous solid or hollow threads can also be used for material transfer. The pores of the threads can be filled with appropriate substances for this purpose; in the case of hollow threads, the interior of the hollow thread, i.e. the lumen, can (also) be filled.

The threads of the winding body can also differ in terms of their material transport properties, for example they can have different selectivities for different materials, ie semi-permeabilities in the case of hollow threads, they can be hydrophilic or hydrophobic, porous or pore-free, etc. Differences in terms of shape can, for example, consist in the fact that in some of the threads the outer contour, i.e. the outline of the threads, is essentially round or circular when viewed in cross-section , and that in other parts of the threads the outer contour is triangular, square, three-lobed, four-lobed, etc. when viewed in cross-section.

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Differences can also exist in terms of thread diameters and thread lengths. Hollow threads can have different lumen cross-sectional shapes and/or wall thicknesses.

The filament winding body is therefore suitable for the production of, for example, filters, oxygenators, hemofilters, blood plasma separators, IV filters, crossflow microfilters, gas separators, membrane distillation devices, bioreactors, adsorbers, absorbers, desorbers, dialyzers, exchange columns, packing bodies for packing columns, controlled release devices, devices for the (controlled) slow release of active substances, fragrances, etc. For this purpose, the filament winding body is usually inserted into a corresponding housing, as is also known for the known hollow filament winding bodies from the prior art, which has the necessary connections.

■ for the supply and removal of the heat and/or material transfer

media involved in the transmission.

&igr; The two end regions of the threads of the inventive

j Thread winding body can - as is the case with the

State of the art hollow fiber winding bodies and hollow fiber bundles - embedded or spun into a hardenable casting compound.

, removing a sufficiently long section of the cured

' Casting compound is achieved that in the case of hollow fibers this with

their open ends on the cut surface of the resulting

j standing so-called tube sheet. The pouring

j the thread end areas can also be removed after the insertion of the

: Thread winding body in a housing with fluid connections

so that the casting compound forms a fluid-tight seal with the housing. This is also evident from the beach

Technology is known and therefore does not need further training here. U . to be purified.

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When the flow around the threads of the thread winding body in the longitudinal direction of the same, the fluid in question is often fed in generally radially at one end of the thread winding body and discharged radially again at the other end, generally on the opposite side. To avoid the formation of channels within the thread winding body, it is therefore important that all threads are evenly exposed, even in the area of the medium supply. In order to achieve this, the threads of the thread winding body are advantageously arranged in groups in at least one thread layer, particularly in the area of the medium supply, whereby in this area the distance between the threads within a group is smaller than the distance between the outer threads of neighboring thread groups.

When using the thread winding body with hollow threads, for example for gas separation, for blood plasma extraction, for hemofiltration, for dead-end filtration, for venting a liquid, etc., the hollow threads of at least one thread layer can be closed at one end of the thread layer.

To even out the flow of a fluid around the threads of the thread winding body, a fluid-permeable, more or less stiff or elastic surface structure can be arranged between at least some of the thread layers of the thread winding body*

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To produce the multi-layered thread winding body, at least two superimposed Thread mats, whereby the threads within each thread mat are arranged at a mutual distance and are held by several inserted cross threads, within each thread mat the mutual distance of the cross threads is significantly greater than the mutual distance of the threads and none of the threads has a deflection point, wound spirally, whereby the threads of adjacent thread mats are brought into a crossing arrangement at the latest immediately before winding.

Different threads can also be used to produce the thread winding body, whereby different threads can also be arranged within at least one thread mat. Different means, as already explained in detail above, different in terms of their dimensions, shape, material, properties, function, etc.

At least one fluid-permeable surface structure, such as a fleece, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a foam, etc., can be wound up together with the thread mats. However, just as many, possibly different surface structures such as thread seams, can also be wound up, so that in the finished thread winding body, a layer of fluid-permeable surface structure is arranged between each layer of thread.

The thread mats can be produced on a weaving machine or on a knitting machine, whereby the

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Threads can be inserted as weft or warp threads in cross threads that are kept at a mutual distance. The number of cross threads inserted should be at least large enough to allow the thread mats to be continued without difficulty.

it is also possible to use other means, such as bands or strips, to hold the threads. These can also be arranged like weft or warp threads in a woven or knitted fabric or on one side, i.e. only on one side of the thread mat. They can also act as spacers between adjacent layers of thread.

The use of cross threads is preferred, however, because the connection between the inserted cross threads and the threads is relatively loose, i.e. not angle-rigid, so that the angular position of the threads and the inserted cross threads to one another, i.e. the crossing angle between the two, can be easily changed. This enables extremely advantageous production of the thread winding body and a wide range of design options for the same, even when starting from a thread mat in which the threads and the inserted cross threads cross essentially at right angles and in which the longitudinal axis of the threads is initially arranged essentially perpendicular to the transport direction of the thread mat and parallel to the axis of rotation of the thread winding body , as is described and explained in more detail below.

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I Within the thread mats, solid threads and hollow I threads, in regular, but also in irregular

l ^; j distances from each other, if this is »ei

:'.', the production of the thread mats or the thread winding body

r; or should prove advantageous in its use.

% However, some of the threads can only be a purely mechanical

function/ for example, the thread winding

; give bodies greater formatability.

To produce the thread winding body, for each layer ^ ₁ with spiral-shaped threads in particularly advantageous

I hafter way of a thread mat with parallel to each other I arranged threads, where the long axis of the

'; Threads initially essentially perpendicular to the transport

; _: direction of the thread mat. If a

, side of the thread mat over a longer transport distance

J than the other side of the thread mat, the

;, thread ends on this one side of the thread mat^ d en thread

I end on the other side of the thread mat after what ^

\. This means that the threads are in relation to their starting

V position in an inclined position, i.e. in relation to

|- the transport direction forms an angle that is larger or smaller.

^: ' is less than ^3". If the threads are wound on

I this way also in relation to the axis of rotation of the thread

If the threads of the winding body are placed in an inclined position so that they form an angle with the axis of rotation, this inevitably leads to a spiral formation of the threads in question when they are wound up, e.g. on a core or the thread body being formed.

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For example, each of these thread mats can be transported in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation of the thread winding body before winding, although the transport direction is parallel or diagonal, i.e. not perpendicular, to the axis of rotation of the thread winding body. In order for the thread mat to be transported perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the thread winding body, the thread mat must be deflected. If the thread mat is deflected before winding in the same plane in such a way that the thread ends on one side of the thread mat describe an arc with a larger radius than the thread ends on the other side of the thread mat, the thread ends on the larger, i.e. longer, arc lag behind the thread ends on the smaller, i.e. shorter arc, so that the threads are thus brought into an inclined position to the axis of rotation of the thread winding body.

Another particularly preferred manufacturing method consists in first moving each thread mat intended for helical threads with threads aligned parallel to each other and to the axis of rotation of the thread winding body perpendicular to its longitudinal axis and thus perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the thread winding body in a plane parallel to this towards the axis of rotation. If one side of the thread mat is guided outwards before winding essentially perpendicular to the plane in which the thread mat is transported, for example by an external guide roller, the transport path of the thread ends that run over the external guide roller is greater than that of the thread ends on the other side of the thread mat that do not leave the transport plane. This deflection causes...

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that the deflected thread ends lag behind the other thread ends, so that the threads are brought into an inclined position, i.e. into a non-parallel position, in relation to the axis of rotation of the thread winding body.

In the case of thread mats with threads that are not arranged parallel to one another, this can ensure that the threads take on a different shape after winding in the thread winding body, i.e. they can be spiral-shaped in the same direction but with different degrees of strength, spiral-shaped in the same direction and/or in opposite directions and straight (parallel to the axis) or spiral-shaped in opposite directions.

The hollow threads preferably consist of a melt -spinnable polymer or regenerated cellulose, whereby for use of the thread winding body in the medical field the threads preferably consist of a biocompatible material.

The solid threads can also be made of a polymer or regenerated cellulose, but also completely or partially of activated carbon. The surface of the threads can also be coated with sorbents.

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The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. It shows:

Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the thread winding body in cross section,

Figure 2

up to 4 design forms of the thread winding body,

Figure 6 a special thread arrangement,

Figure 7 shows a simplified schematic representation of a preferred method for producing the thread winding body,

Figure 8 shows a simplified schematic representation of another method for producing the thread winding body,

Figure 9 different designs of thread mats suitable for producing the thread winding body,

Figure Io shows a device with a thread winding body with hollow threads.

Figure 1 shows the structure of the multi-layered thread winding bodyβ in a simplified schematic representation, viewed in cross section. The thread winding body consists of a total of two spirally wound

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j Thread mats la and Ib, where, as indicated by the lines l'a and

■' l'b indicated/ the thread winding body can hold any number of thread

', layers. To clarify the structure of the

■ Thread winding body, the threads Ib are shown as black dots

f . However, like the hollow threads la, these could also

f hollow threads. Conversely, the threads could be solid threads

The threads la and lb are arranged at a mutual distance within the layer to which they belong and are held by inserted transverse threads (not shown). The threads la and/or lb are spiral-shaped. The threads la or lb can, however, also be straight, i.e. parallel to the axis. In any case, the threads la cross the threads lb.

In the embodiment of the thread winding body shown in Figure 2, the threads la are helical, while the threads lb are straight and arranged parallel to the axis. The threads 1λ form the angle Ji/ _m with the longitudinal axis of the thread winding body.

In the embodiment of the thread winding body shown in Fig. 3, both the threads la and the threads Ib are spiral-shaped, but spiral-shaped in opposite directions. The threads la form the angle «£,_ with the longitudinal axis of the thread winding body , which in the sense of the

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underlying invention is defined as greater than 0, while the threads Ib form the angle _t P _h with the longitudinal axis of the thread winding body, which is by definition smaller than 0 , considered absolutely, but can be just as large as the angle J, _a .

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In the embodiment of the thread winding body shown in Figure 4, the threads la are helical and the threads 1b are spiral. The structure of the thread winding body a and the design of the threads la and 1b of this embodiment is illustrated in Figure 5, which shows the thread winding body according to Figure 4 in cross section. As is also illustrated in Figure 5 by the arrows A, B and C, a hollow thread winding body designed in this way can be used to allow three media to participate in a material and/or heat exchange at the same time. The medium A flows through the helical hollow threads la, the medium B through the spiral hollow threads 1b and the medium C around the hollow threads la and 1b, the direction of flow of which runs essentially transversely to the longitudinal axis of the hollow thread winding body.

In the thread winding bodies shown in Figures 2 to 5, the inserted cross threads are marked with the position number 2.

In the thread mat shown in Figure 6, three threads 1 are grouped together at the left end of the thread mat by a special arrangement of the inserted cross threads 2, whereby within each group the distance between the threads is smaller than the distance between the outer threads of the two adjacent thread groups shown. The gap 3 between the thread groups formed by this type of arrangement of the thread ends allows the medium flowing around the threads to penetrate better into the thread winding body. The further towards the middle of the threads 1

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The inserted transverse threads 2 are arranged in such a way that they keep the threads 1 at a mutually essentially equal distance.

In Figure 7 a particularly preferred

Method for producing the thread winding body is shown. The way the method works is illustrated by the section A - A and B-B», where some of the thread ends are marked with a, b etc. to m and the other ends of the relevant threads 1 are marked with a', b* etc. to m'. The respective position of the thread ends can be seen both in the top view and in the section A-A and B - B. For simplification, only one thread mat is shown/ which is formed by the threads 1 and the inserted cross threads 2 and is wound up spirally to the thread winding body 5, in which the threads 1 are arranged in a spiral shape. The threads 1 are kept at a mutual distance by the inserted cross threads 2. First, the threads 1 are aligned parallel to the axis of rotation, i.e. the longitudinal axis of the thread winding body 5, i.e. perpendicular to the conveying direction of the thread mat indicated by the arrow 7. The thread mat is moved towards the axis of rotation or the thread winding body 5 via the rollers 3, 4 and 6 at a constant speed. While the thread mat on the side with the thread ends a to B essentially experiences no significant deflection on its path to the axis of rotation or the thread winding body 5, the thread mat on the side with the thread ends a* to m* is guided over the deflection roller 4, whereby the thread ends a' to m* cover a longer distance than the thread ends a to m, this

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thereby lagging behind and thus being brought into a non-parallel position in relation to the axis of rotation (= longitudinal axis) of the thread winding body 5. As Figure 7 further shows, the width of the thread mat is slightly reduced by the slanting position of the threads 1. The previously described procedure is made easier if the connection between the threads 1 and the inserted cross threads 2 allows a change in the angular position to one another without the threads kinking at this point, ie if this connection is not angularly rigid. This also applies to the method shown in Figure 8. As can also be seen from Figure 7, the slanting position of the threads 1 immediately before winding can be varied as desired by the amount of deflection using the deflection roller 4. The greater the deflection, the greater the lag of the thread ends a*, b' etc. on this side of the thread mat and the greater the inclination of the threads 1, i.e. the greater the angle that the threads 1 form with the longitudinal axis (axis of rotation) of the thread winding body 5. The illustration in Figure 7 also shows that an inclination of the threads 1 which is a mirror image of the inclination of the threads 1 shown can be achieved by bringing the deflection roller 6 into a position which corresponds to the position of the deflection roller 4 shown and vice versa. As a result, the side of the thread mat on which the thread * ends a to m are located is deflected, but not the side on which the thread ends a ¹ to m* are located, so that the thread ends a, b etc. to m lag behind the thread ends a ¹ , b ¹ etc. to m ¹ .

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To produce a thread winding body with threads arranged in opposite directions in a spiral shape in two thread mats wound up in a spiral, one can start with two thread mats, for example, the threads 1 of which are initially arranged parallel to the axis of rotation of the thread winding body 5 as shown in Figure 7 and the threads 1 of which are brought into an oppositely inclined position by deflecting the side with the thread ends a, b etc. of one thread mat and the side with the thread ends a ¹ , b ¹ etc. of the other thread mat. In the example described, however, it is also possible to deflect the two thread mats on the same side, but to different degrees. This ensures that the threads of the thread mat whose side is deflected more are brought into a greater inclined position than the threads of the other thread mat and the threads of the two thread mats thus cross over and are formed in the same direction in a spiral shape in the thread winding body.

Figure 8 shows a simplified schematic representation of another method in which the thread winding body 5 is made from two thread mats with threads 1 arranged in two spiral layers and arranged in opposite directions in a spiral shape. Each thread mat consists of the threads 1 and the inserted threads 2. The thread is transported in a plane parallel to the axis of rotation (longitudinal axis) of the thread winding body 5. The transport direction indicated by the arrows 7 runs towards the axis of rotation of the thread winding body 5. Immediately before the thread mats are wound up, they are deflected.

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so that the transport of the thread mats ultimately takes place perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the thread winding body 5. The deflection of the thread mats takes place in the respective plane in such a way that the thread ends on one side of each thread mat describe a larger and therefore longer circular arc than the thread ends on the other side of the thread mats. The thread ends which describe the outer and therefore longer circular arc lag behind the thread ends which describe the inner and therefore shorter circular arc, so that the threads are thus brought into an inclined position to the axis of rotation of the thread winding body 5, and the inclined position of the threads of one thread mat is opposite to that of the threads of the other thread mat. In this embodiment of the method, too, the inclined position of the threads can be changed by the strength of the deflection of the thread mats and a thread winding body can also be produced with threads which cross each other but are spirally formed in the same direction.

Figure 9 shows different designs of thread mats A-F, which can be combined in any number, but at least two, and are wound spirally to produce the thread winding body. The thread mats A-F shown can be produced using the methods described above, but also using the methods that are part of the state of the art. A detailed description of these known methods for producing thread mats therefore appears unnecessary here. The axis of rotation of the thread winding body must be seen in the image plane as indicated.

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imagine running vertically, i.e. the transport of the thread mats takes place horizontally in the image plane from right to left towards the indicated axis of rotation (longitudinal axis) of the thread winding body. Each thread mat A-F consists of the threads 1 and the inserted cross threads 2, with which they form the angle indicated. By (simultaneous) winding of the thread mats A and B, you get (in opposite directions) spiral-shaped threads. By winding up the thread mat C, you get straight-line threads that run essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the thread winding body. By winding up the thread mats D to F, you get spiral-shaped threads/ that are arranged in planes that run essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the thread winding body. The thread mats D and E are hollow thread mats in which the hollow threads 1 are closed on one side. The closed end of the hollow threads 1 can be arranged on the outer circumference of the thread winding body or inside it.

Example G in Figure 9 results in a combination of thread mat A (threads la) with thread mat B (threads lb). As will be shown below, there are a large number of possible combinations within the scope of the present invention, whereby it is only necessary to ensure that the threads of two adjacent thread mats or layers are arranged in such a way that they cross each other. Winding up, for example, a thread mat D and E or F with the arrangement of the threads 1 shown would therefore not lead to a thread winding body according to the invention.

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The combinations listed below are intended as examples only, not as limitations.

Possible combinations of the threads shown in Figure 9 A to F:

A + B or C or D or E or F

A + B + C or D or E or F

A + B + A + B (if necessary + A + B etc.)

A+B+C+A+B+C (if necessary + A + B + C etc.) B + C or D or E or F C + D or E or F C + D + C + E (if necessary +C+D+C+E etc.)

The advantage of the method for producing the thread winding body shown schematically in Figures 7 and 8 is in particular that it is possible to process thread mats into thread winding bodies immediately after their production, e.g. on a weaving or knitting machine, whereby the formation of the threads can also be changed quickly and easily without interrupting the process.

Figure 10 shows a device in which a thread winding body is arranged in the housing 8 with the fluid connections 9 and 10. The hollow thread winding body has the hollow threads la and 1b, the band areas of which are embedded in the casting compound blocks 11a and 11b, respectively, whereby the casting compound blocks 11a; 11b are connected to the housing β in a fluid-tight manner. The

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R Thread winding body also has the inserted cross threads 2. The hollow threads la; Ib are porous, i.e. the ! jacket (the wall) of the hollow threads la; Ib has continuous

;' me open pores inside and outside, so that a fluid

or only a specific fluid can pass through the pores ;·. The end regions of the hollow fibers ¹¹ la; 1b

{ are embedded in the casting blocks lla; Hb so that

the hollow threads la end at the cut surface 12a of the casting compound block Ha and thus open into the chamber 13, while

jj their other ends within the casting compound block Hb

embedded and thus closed. With the hollow fibers Ib it is exactly the other way round, ie the hollow fibers Ib end at the cut surface 12b of the casting compound block Hb and thus open into the chamber 14, while their other ends are embedded within the casting compound block Ha and thus closed . This device can thus be used in the manner of a two-stage dead-end filter (cascade filter) for filtering or for another type of material separation. For this purpose the pores of the hollow fibers la can also have different pore sizes than the pores of the hollow fibers Ib. Material separation is also possible with hollow fiber membranes which are referred to as non-porous (so-called dense). If, for example, a fluid is allowed to flow through the fluid connection into the hollow fibers la, the fluid, which has been completely or partially freed of any substance, the so-called filtrate or permeate, passes through the jacket (the wall) of the hollow fibers la into the extracapacity chamber 15 and from there through the chamber (the wall) of the hollow fibers 1b, from where the fluid, now filtered twice, leaves the device again through the chamber 1' via the fluid connection 10 after a further separation of substances has taken place when passing through the wall of the hollow fibers 1b.

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The thread winding body shown in Figure 11 is, for example, made by winding the hollow thread mat(s) with the hollow threads la and the hollow thread mat(s) with the hollow threads lb laterally offset from one another, so that the ends of the hollow threads la protrude on one side and the ends of the hollow threads lb on the other side. After embedding the thread ends, for example in a hardenable casting compound, only enough of the two casting compound blocks is removed after the casting compound has hardened that only the hollow threads la are exposed on one side and only the hollow threads lb on the other side, i.e. they end up at the cutting surface 12a or 12b.

In the embodiment of the thread winding body shown in Figure 10, the hollow threads la are spiral-shaped and the hollow threads Ib are spiral-shaped in the opposite direction to these. However, as can be seen from the above, this is only one of the possible embodiments of the winding body for the application described here.

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Claims (11)

&Ggr;&Pgr; A3GW32172 GM-i A k &zgr;&ogr; GmbH, Wuppertal Multi-layered thread winding body Protection claims 1. Multi-layer thread winding body, in which at least some of the threads are helical and/or some of the threads are spiral, the threads within each thread layer are arranged at a mutual distance and the threads of adjacent successive thread layers cross each other, characterized in that the threads are arranged in the form of at least two thread mats placed on top of each other and then wound up in a spiral shape, that the threads within each thread mat are held by several inserted transverse threads, that within each thread mat the mutual distance of the transverse threads is significantly greater than the mutual distance of the threads and that none of the threads has a deflection point. 2. Thread winding body according to claim 1, characterized in that all threads are helical. 3. Thread winding body according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the threads of at least one thread mat are formed in a spiral shape in opposite directions to the other threads. 4. Thread winding body according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the threads and/or the inserted transverse threads are structured and/or profiled. L J Γ Π A3GW32172 GM-i 5. Thread winding body according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the threads of at least one ; Thread mats are arranged in groups, with at least &ngr; in selected areas the distance between the loads t other within a group is smaller than the distance '■ the outer threads of neighboring thread groups from each other. 6. Thread winding body according to one of claims 1 to 5, * characterized in that at least some of the threads Hollow threads are. 7. Thread winding body according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the threads of the different thread mats have different properties and/or functions. 8. Thread winding body according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the threads of the different thread mats have different dimensions with regard to their inner diameter and/or their outer circumference and/or their thread thickness and/or their length. 9. Thread winding body according to one of claims 1 to 8, ' characterized in that the threads of the different &iacgr; lent thread mats a different cross-sectional \ form. 10. Thread winding body according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the hollow threads of at least one thread mat are closed at least at one end by the thread mat. iti » · &igr; ···· «It «I Il «III ·· ·· Γ Π A3GW32172 11. Thread winding body according to one of claims 1 to 10 / characterized in that a fluid-permeable surface structure is arranged between at least some of the thread layers.