DE84553C

DE84553C -

Info

Publication number: DE84553C
Application number: DENDAT84553D
Authority: DE

Description

KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL

PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.

KLASSE 47: -Maschinenelemente.CLASS 47: -Machine elements.

Da die Geschwindigkeit eines Kolbens, der durch Kurbel und Pleuelstange von einer sich mit gleichförmiger Geschwindigkeit drehenden Triebwelle bewegt wird, vom todten Punkte aus nicht gleichförmig zunimmt, sondern die Beschleunigung geringer in . der Nähe des todten Punktes ist und allmählich zunimmt, bis der Kolben seine gröfste Geschwindigkeit erlangt hat, so ist es zur Erreichung einer absolut gleichförmigen Bewegung nöthig, dafs die Kurbelwelle eine ungleichmäfsige Drehung erhält, während die Triebwelle ihre gleichmäfsige Umdrehung behält. Da ferner die Geschwindigkeit des Kolbens durchschnittlich gröfser ist, wenn sich die Kurbel in der dem Kolben zugewendeten Hälfte des Kurbelkreises bewegt, als wenn die Kurbel sich in der dem Kolben entfernter liegenden Hälfte des Kurbelkreises befindet, und die Summe der Geschwindigkeiten zweier Kolben, die von im rechten Winkel zu einander stehenden Kurbeln bewegt werden, keine constante Gröfse bildet, denn diese Summe erreicht während einer vollen Kurbeldrehung viermal ihr Minimum, und zwar jedesmal dann, wenn einer der Kolben im todten Punkte liegt, so mufs man, um eine Gleichmäfsigkeit der Bewegung zu erreichen, die Bewegung des Kolbens abwechselnd gleichförmig beschleunigen und gleichförmig wieder verzögern. Dies
den Erfindung.Since the speed of a piston, which is moved by a drive shaft rotating at a constant speed through the crank and connecting rod, does not increase uniformly from the dead point, but the acceleration is less. is close to the dead point and gradually increases until the piston has reached its greatest speed, in order to achieve an absolutely uniform movement it is necessary that the crankshaft is given an uneven rotation, while the drive shaft retains its even rotation. Furthermore, since the speed of the piston is on average greater when the crank moves in the half of the crank circle facing the piston than when the crank is in the half of the crank circle that is further away from the piston, and the sum of the speeds of two pistons, which is from Cranks positioned at right angles to each other are moved at right angles to one another, does not form a constant value, for this sum reaches its minimum four times during a full turn of the crank, and each time one of the pistons is in the dead point, one must ensure a uniformity of movement to achieve, the movement of the piston alternately accelerate uniformly and uniformly decelerate again. this
the invention.

Dieselbe besteht nämlich in der Einschaltung eines Elementes, welches die Eigenschaft hat, die gleichmäfsige Bewegung einer Welle auf eine andere Welle derart zu übertragen, dafs zwar beide Wellen die gleiche UmdrehungsIt consists namely in the inclusion of an element which has the property to transmit the uniform movement of one shaft to another shaft in such a way that although both shafts rotate the same

ist der Zweck der vorliegenzahl haben, dafs aber die eine Welle in dem einen Theile ihrer Umdrehung eine andere Geschwindigkeit hat, als in dem anderen Theile ihrer Umdrehung.is the purpose of the present number, but that the one wave in that has a different speed in one part of its revolution than in the other their turn.

Man benutzt zur Erreichung dieser Ausgleichung der ungleichmäfsigen Bewegung des Kolbens und der Welle Kreuz- oder Universalgelenke (Hook'scher Schlüssel). Da nämlich bei einer Anordnung, wie sie auf der Zeichnung in Fig. ι dargestellt ist, ein Punkt der Kurbelwelle, weil diese im Winkel zu der Triebwelle T steht, eine einer Ellipse entsprechende Geschwindigkeit erhält, während der Punkt der Triebwelle sich kreisförmig bewegt, so wird bei dieser Anordnung die Kurbelwelle der Ellipse entsprechend während einer Umdrehung zweimal eine Beschleunigung und zweimal eine Verzögerung erfahren.To achieve this compensation of the uneven movement of the piston and the shaft, universal joints or universal joints (Hook's key) are used. Namely, since a point of the crankshaft, because these stands at an angle to the drive shaft T, receives a corresponding ellipse speed in an arrangement as shown in the drawing in Fig. Ι, while the point of the drive shaft moves circularly, so With this arrangement, the crankshaft will be accelerated twice and decelerated twice during one revolution, corresponding to the ellipse.

Dreht sich die Welle α (Fig. 5) mit gleichförmiger Geschwindigkeit, so thut dasselbe "jeder mit ihr verbundene materielle Punkt, also auch die Punkte, die in der Ebene F liegen, welche durch den Schnittpunkt c der beiden Achsen α und b geht. Jeder mit α zusammenhängende Punkt in der Ebene F dreht sich um die Achse a mit gleichförmiger Geschwindigkeit, und zwar dreht er sich um die Achse a im Kreise; derselbe Punkt bewegt sich aber in einer Ellipse in Bezug auf die Achse b und daher dreht sich die Achse b mit ungleichförmiger Geschwindigkeit. Die Achse b bekommt also während einer Umdrehung zweimal eine Beschleunigung und zweimal eine Verzögerung.If the shaft α (Fig. 5) rotates at a constant speed, every material point connected to it does the same, including the points which lie in the plane F , which passes through the intersection point c of the two axes α and b . Every point connected to α in the plane F rotates around the axis a with uniform speed, namely it rotates around the axis a in a circle; but the same point moves in an ellipse with respect to the axis b and therefore the rotates Axis b has a non-uniform speed , meaning that axis b is accelerated twice and decelerated twice during one revolution.

Wenn man nun jeden Kolben durch eine im Winkel zur Triebwelle stehende Kurbel-If you now move each piston through a crankshaft at an angle to the drive shaft

Claims

connects the shaft with the drive shaft and adjusts the cranks so that the acceleration of the Piston corresponds to the deceleration in the crankshaft, so the movements will be equalize and result in an absolutely uniform movement. So you use for each piston or for each pair of pistons a special crankshaft, i.e. two crankshafts, which, as in Figs. i, 2 and 4, so with a common, moving at a uniform speed rotating shaft are connected so that the rotary motion of one crankshaft is alternately delayed by about the same amount, as the rotational movement of the other associated crankshaft is accelerated at the same time, and then accelerated again after a quarter turn by about as much as the rotary movement the second crankshaft is decelerated at the same time. The simplest mechanism about this alternately decelerated and accelerated rotary motion of each crankshaft to produce is the universal joint or universal joint in its various forms, as it is as a Cardani joint, Hook’s key, Clemens’s coupling and so on. is known. These mechanisms require that where they are for the purpose in question attached, the directions of the waves connected by them are at an angle cut.

In the arrangements shown in Fig. 3, 3a and 4 are four pistons with cranks connected thought. Here the pistons and their cylinders are on opposite sides Sides of the crankshaft supported (Fig. 4). If you want pistons and cylinders in each pair one side of the crankshaft next to each other, they have to be offset by 180 ° Connect staggered cranks, as shown in Fig. 3 and 3a. The job performance becomes as great as during a quarter of a piston revolution by using two such pairs of pistons of another quarter, but within this quarter changes will occur, there will be during one turn of the crank four maxima of equal size and four of them equally large minima occur. These are balanced out by the action of the universal joints, namely if one cos α - -

4 makes, ie if you at the moment in which a crank BEZW. that one pair of cranks is in the dead point, the speed of the other crankshaft is increased in the ratio of π to 4, so that the speed of the crank pin is equal to the average speed of all the pistons. This follows from the following:

If t is the time of one revolution and r is the radius of the crank circle, then the

8 r average speed of two pistons =

A crank pin that rotates at a constant speed, however, only has the

2 ?" 7Γ2? "7Γ

speed At the moment when

the crank is at right angles to the movement of the piston, so when the crank pin is moves parallel (in the tangent to the crank circle) with the piston, is the speed of the crank pin is the same as that of the piston. If now the one piston respectively. the one Piston pair is in the dead point and if now the other piston respectively. the other Pair of pistons the average speed

= - should have, while they only = ■>

t ' t

d. H. = the speed of the crank pin, the latter must be increased so that

that it is = -. This is achieved through

= - the universal joints if cos α
power will.

Pa τ ε ν τ - A ν s ρ R υ c η:

Crank gear in conjunction with universal joints to achieve a uniform Piston or cross head movement, characterized in that two crankshafts through Universal joints each with one or a common power transmission shaft in the manner are connected so that the universal joint yokes, which are firmly united with the crankshafts, then move into the plane passing through the center lines of the associated crankshafts and power transmission shafts goes, if the associated crank or the associated crank pair is in the dead point, while the crank or the pair of cranks of the other crankshaft is at the same time in the middle between the dead points.

1 sheet of drawings.