DE8387C - Innovations in glass furnaces and in glass preparation - Google Patents

Description

1879.

i. : JÖÖSSfis aSsssaa

RICHARD MEAD ATWATER in MILLVILLE and JAMPiS WHITALL

in PHILADELPHIA (V. S. Α.).

Innovations in glass furnaces and in glass preparation.

Patented in the German Empire on February 25, 1879.

The present invention, in essence, is that of making glass Serving glassware in a special oven at the necessary honing temperature melted and, the finished glass then in another furnace, which serves as a working furnace and is much less heated, is drained.

Here, the pounding pace of work becomes the work oven used to make the cooling furnaces for the finished glass waarc on the required Maintain temperature.

Hitherto the glassware has usually been melted in the same furnace as which the finished glass has been removed by the worker for processing. This method is Not very beneficial for a number of reasons, mainly because the Crucibles take up a lot of space and therefore require a lot of fuel.

Fig. Ι is a .obere view and shows the Melting furnace, a working furnace, a cooling furnace and one safe from the second working furnace.

Fig. 2 is drawn tin κι Groi'sercm scale Section along the line 1-2 in Fig. 1 in. seen in the direction of the arrow. The furnace is drawn in section,

FIG. 3 is a cross section taken along line 3-4 in FIG. 2.

Figure 4 is a vertical section through the lehr.

Although a fixed oven can be used, it is from the It is preferable to use a revolving oven for reasons listed below.

The melting furnace A is here cylindrical with ends tapering to both sides and consists essentially of iron plates which are lined with refractory material. It rests on rollers a, so. that one can turn it at will,

The furnace is provided at one end with one opening centriUen l> which, Fig, ι with the two in the masonry .// attached channels B B ', in combination; stands, At the opposite end there is an equal opening · '.tiling /;', which is in connection with the channel D in the wall //'..in-.'■ /, '_; The furnace is charged through the opening h , which is provided with a removable lid,

Through the channel B combustible gases enter the oven and through the channel B 'air. Gases and air mix together before they enter the furnace and generate intense heat which acts directly on the charging of the furnace. The combustion products which finally escape through the central opening b ' can be used to preheat the gases and the air before they enter the furnace.

The upper part of the glassware and the over The lining located at this point is necessarily hotter than the lower part of the glassware and the feeding located under it.

In order to compensate for these temperature differences and to expose the whole glassware to full heat so that the melting and refining proceed more easily, the furnace is turned half a revolution in suitable intervals so that the highly heated part of the feeding is in direct contact with the part of the feeding Loading comes which was previously least exposed to the heat. ■ Equal. The semi-liquid glass becomes early, softened? adheres to the feeding, exposed when the furnace is turned to the direct action of the flame in such a way that it is rapidly melted and refined. This effect can also be promoted by making the surface of the feeding rough. .;,. ^: , · .. '. ■>.

The two are on both sides of the masonry that supports the furnace Work ovens or channels // ', Fig. 1 and 2, which downward sloping sides, walls and a vaulted ceiling with portholes //' to have,. The workers remove the glass through the latter. ''. .

If one of these channels, e.g. B, the channel /, from the furnace A is to be charged with molten glass, the furnace A is rotated so far that the opening m can be in the position shown in FIG. If one removes the stopper , so that the glass is crooked; Level \), _ί down *

still flows through the channels q and from there into the channel /, whereupon the opening is closed again and the furnace is freshly charged. During the subsequent melting of the load, the workers can remove the molten glass from the channel /. If the latter is empty, the glass can be removed from the channel / 'which has meanwhile been charged by the melting furnace, and in this way the operation is continuous.

A mixture of flammable gases and air is let into the working furnace / through the opening ¹ W and keeps the contents of this furnace at the desired temperature, the combustion gases escaping from this furnace are directed to the cooling furnace K and from there to the chimney,

At the bottom of this cooler there are tracks x on which metal wagons M can be driven back and forth. These carriages enter and exit the cooling furnace through openings which are made at both ends of the furnace and which can be closed by sliding doors or in some other way.

When the furnace is in operation, there is always a car in the cooling furnace and the finished ones Glassware is placed on the same immediately after its manufacture. If then When a cart is full, a lid is placed on it or the articles are covered with sand, so that no air can enter, whereupon the car drove out of the cooling furnace and put aside so that the objects can slowly cool down. Instead of the full car, an empty one is then driven into the cooling furnace.

The temperature in the working furnace must not be as high as in the melting furnace; because in order to be able to process glass in a suitable way, one has to do the same on one side lower: keep the temperature level than at the beginning is necessary to melt it. Because the heat only comes into contact with the surface of the glass contained in the working oven comes so impurities cannot get in rise up the glass and there are no bubbles, - ■■. ·., · '

The cross section of the furnace as shown in the , Drawing offers great advantages. .. ■ .The. in the same glass contained! the Flame cine 'large, area; represent, also.being the walls of the stove are more spared, and it is not easily possible to find pieces of the lining be replaced, ■

If large quantities of glass are used. If the working furnace is to be removed at once, so must The shape and size of this furnace have been changed somewhat will,

Another advantage of the downward sloping side walls of the work area is that if there is only a small amount of glass left in the working furnace, this one is in a narrow bar and there is less finish than if the oven is vertical Sidewalls would have.

It may be noted here that the Work ovens need to be heated before glass is let into them,

The melting furnace is provided with a viewing hole y , which is best placed in the lid // ^{1 of} the loading opening and is always above the glass surface. For this purpose, the furnace is rotated from the position shown in FIG. 3 in the direction of the arrow only by half a revolution and then back again.

The molten glass can also pass through the loading door if so desired can be removed from the oven.

Claims (5)

Pat ent-An Proverbs: 1. The process of preparing glass for processing into objects of all In such a way that the glass is first placed in a special oven at high, Temperature melts and then drains into a special separate working furnace that heated to a lower temperature, essentially as described. 2. The method of melting glass in such a way that it is above the surface of the glass The highly heated part of the lining that was located was brought under the glass surface in interstices becomes, while the latter is exposed to the action of a flame, essentially; ' as described. .3. A moving melting furnace in connection. with a working oven in which the content of the furnace can be drained, essentially as described and shown, 4. The working furnace described above, which consists of a long chamber with a vaulted ceiling, in which the work · .: holes are, / essentially as shown in the drawing. ·. . . ^: ' ^: , .-. 5. A working furnace in connection with a "'· cooling furnace, which by the withdrawing * Heat of the working furnace is heated, - im .: ■■ ·. '. - essentials as described and illustrated. ■, ... ·. ·: · ■. · '"·. ■ · ..:': ■ '■' .V -: ;; .-: -, '- v For this purpose I sheet of drawings.