DE8223945U1 - TWO-STROKE COMBUSTION ENGINE - Google Patents

Description

PATENT ADVOCATE .. ^ .-! N β. .KLAUS ^ DURM

KARLSRÜHE FEUX-Mqi ^ CTRASSEJ j V '. TEL-eRON. ^: 853355

APPROVED REPRESENTATIVE AT THE EUROPEAN PAYET OFFICE

P 3085/82 GBITI
August 10, 1982

a cam with a starting shoulder and a discharge shoulder is controlled, which sits on a camshaft rotated by the crankshaft.

The innovation is used in ^{two-stroke internal combustion engines that work according to the Otto process ου} and the diesel principle, where the most economical use of the energy available in the fuel is important.

In the known two-stroke internal combustion engines, the

^OJ Filling of the combustion chamber at full load and at idle

Erwin Paulat, businessman |

Tilsiter Strasse 7 |

6728 Germersheim .. _;

Two-stroke internal combustion engine

The innovation relates to a two-stroke internal combustion engine with air compression and subsequent fuel supply, with a cylinder, a cylinder head and a piston connected to a crankshaft as well as transfer channels provided in the cylinder, wel before being opened or closed by the piston, and before compressed air from which is provided with an intake port Crankcase lead into the cylinder chamber, and an exhaust valve is provided in the cylinder chamber, which is from

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practically the same size, but contains this filling Full load has a higher proportion of gasified fuel than when idling, and consequently the proportion of fuel that is burned Fuel at idle and full load very different. A particular disadvantage here is that upon release the overflow ducts through the piston in the combustion chamber are still under considerable pressure and the load-dependent, different proportion of burned fuel reduces the efficiency of the internal combustion engine.

The task of the innovation consists in the optimal utilization of the energy or energy available in the fuel Improvement of the efficiency of a two-stroke internal combustion engine, which is independent of the speed.

A two-stroke internal combustion engine is used to solve the problem based on the type described and achieved the object in that the Camshaft is axially displaceable and the discharge shoulder of the cam on a camshaft wrapped around Helical line is arranged. By axially moving this camshaft, the point in time the closing of the exhaust valve controlled by the cam during the alternating operation of the internal combustion engine can be changed as required, which enables the discharge shoulder of the cam, which is located on a helical line. One Optimum utilization of the fuel results when the exhaust valve only closes at low speed, when the piston has not yet reached its top dead center Has.

As in the proposed arrangement, the starting shoulder of the cam is expediently arranged in the axial direction, the opening of the exhaust valve takes place independently on the axial position of the camshaft - always take place at the same time.

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For structural reasons, it is useful if a cylinder head attachment is provided in which the camshaft is rotatably and displaceably mounted.

for the axial displacement of the camshaft, an actuating device acting on the camshaft and having a adjusting plate acting on the camshaft. With this adjusting device, the closing time of the exhaust valve can be optimally adjusted by hand. 10

According to a further, important feature of the proposed two-stroke ßrennkraftmaschine is a in the cylinder head under the action of a spring standing auxiliary piston arranged displaceably, which has a slope, welehe cooperates with a cell slidably provided in the cylinder head, which is connected to the setting plate is. With this auxiliary piston, which is moved at the same time as the camshaft, e.g. the combustion chamber can be opened decrease and thus increase the compression as soon as <the closing of the outlet valve at a later time point takes place. This measure increases the efficiency of the proposed two-stroke internal combustion engine improved.

When working according to the Otto method, according to the innovation Two-stroke internal combustion engines can automatically shift the camshaft and the auxiliary piston at the same time depending on the speed of the internal combustion engine ne take place. For this purpose, the plunger engages a pressurized can on the setting plate, below which on a A pressure chamber is provided on the compression spring seated piston, which is connected to the suction port via a pressure line connected is.

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The innovation is explained below using two exemplary embodiments explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1 shows a cylinder of a two-stroke internal combustion

engine with an exhaust valve, in a longitudinal section, roughly natural size;

Fig. 2 shows a cylinder of a two-stroke combustion

engine with an exhaust valve and an auxiliary piston in the cylinder head, also in a longitudinal section, roughly natural size;

Fig. 3 corresponds to a part of a cylinder

accordingly Figure 2, but with a pressurized can, in a longitudinal section, st = wa natural size.

In a cylinder 1 of a two-stroke internal combustion engine, which can have one or more cylinders - a piston 2 is arranged displaceably between its top dead center 3 and bottom dead center 4. A connecting rod 5 engages with the piston 2 and is connected to the crankshaft (not shown). the two-stroke internal combustion engine is in connection. This crankshaft rotates in a closed crankcase 5 ¹ (indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 3), which adjoins the cylinder 1.

In the jacket of the cylinder 1 overflow channels 6 are provided which ^{connect the interior of the crankcase 5 1} with the combustion chamber 7 of the cylinder 1 as soon as the KoI- ^OJ ben 2 has reached its bottom dead center 4; to this

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Purposes, the overflow ducts open approximately in the middle of the cylinder 1.

The cylinder 1 is closed by a cylinder head 8. In the cylinder head 8 are an exhaust valve 9, a Spark plug 10 and an injection nozzle 11 are provided, which protrude into combustion chamber 7.

The outlet valve 9 has a valve stem 12 which is guided in a cylindrical valve guide, which in the cylinder head 8 is inserted. A valve spring 13 is between a shoulder of the cylinder head 8 and a attached to the valve stem 12 disc 14 inserted under tension and holds the outlet valve 9 in his Closed position.

The exhaust valve 9 is controlled by a cam 15 which is seated on a camshaft 16; this is where the free works The end of the valve stem 12 together with the cam 15. The camshaft 16 is rotated in synchronism by the crankshaft by means of a chain (not shown).

On the cylinder head 8 sits - see Figure 2 - a cylinder head attachment 17, in which the camshaft 16 is rotatably and axially displaceably supported in two ball bearings 17 ' is.

The cam 15 of the camshaft 16 has (see FIG. 2) an outlet shoulder 18 which is positioned on one of the cam shafts 16 wrapping helix is arranged. The starting shoulder 18 * of the cam 15, however, is in the axial direction Direction arranged.

In the cylinder head 8 - see Figure 2 - a small auxiliary piston 19 slidably arranged under the action

-δ-a spring 20 stands, which is on an abutment 21, which is fastened in the cylinder head 8. The auxiliary piston 19 carries a shaft 22 which has a slope 23 has. A slidable wedge 24 is provided in the cylinder head 8, with which the bevel 23 cooperates, For the sake of a better overview, the spark plug and the injection nozzle are not shown in the figure.

An adjusting device 25 acts on the camshaft 16 - see Figure 2 -, with the help of which the camshaft 16 can be moved axially. This adjusting device consists of an adjusting plate 26, an adjusting lever 27 and an adjusting disk 28. The camshaft 16 is attached to the adjusting plate 26, with a ball bearing 29 its Rotatability guaranteed. The one-armed adjusting lever 27 articulately connects the adjusting plate 26 with the rotatable one Adjusting disc 28.

The displaceable wedge 24 is also actuated with the adjusting device 25; for this purpose, the wedge 24 is fastened to the adjusting plate 26. If the adjusting disk 28 is rotated (as indicated by the arrow a), the camshaft 16 and the wedge 24 are displaced at the same time, as indicated by dashed lines.
25th

Another embodiment of the actuation of the lock of camshaft 16 and wedge 24 is shown in FIG. A pressure cell 30 is attached to the cylinder head 8 and the cylinder head attachment 17, in which

^OJ a piston 31 is slidably arranged. Under the piston 31 there is a pressure chamber 32 which is connected to the intake port 34 of the crankcase 5 ¹ via a pressure line 33. The mouth of the intake manifold

34 in the crankcase 5 · is equipped with a non-return valve

35 locked. The piston 31 sits on a compression spring

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and a plunger 37 is attached to the piston 31 and penetrates a cylinder base 38 in a pressure-tight manner and to the setting plate 26 attacks. The pressure cell 30 is open above the piston 31.

The function of the arrangement, which works according to the dsm two-stroke process, is as follows.

During an upward movement (see FIG. 1), the cylinder 10 bfcn 2 has sucked air through the non-return valve 35 into the crankcase 5 ¹ , which air is pre-compressed when it is moved downward and the non-return valve 35 is closed. Shortly before reaching bottom dead center 4 there is the

! Piston 2 clears the overflow channels 6 and the pre-compression

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\ 13th air passes through the overflow ducts 6 into the combustion

\ room 7. During the upward movement that now takes place,

the pre-compressed air is compressed when the outlet valve 9 is closed, and in the region of the top dead center 3 is fuel is injected into the combustion chamber by means of the injection nozzle 1 and then ignited by the spark plug 10. Moved under the action of the combustion gases

, the piston 2 is now down and does work. in the

\ Area of the bottom dead center 4, the piston 2 is the

Uberströmkanäle 6 freely and the exhaust valve 9 is geöff- \ 25 pet. The exhaust gases can now pass through the combustion chamber 7

Outlet valve 9 read: ^ n, whereby it is from the pre-compressed, be flushed out through the overflow channels 6 inflowing air in a straight line.

on
^ou The timing of the closing of the exhaust valve 9 becomes

\ controlled by the cam 15, the time in

! wide limits can be changed. This change

the closing time of the exhaust valve 9 is done by axial displacement of the camshaft 16 during the

35

Operation of the two-stroke internal combustion engine. The one on one

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The discharge shoulder 18, which is arranged in a helical manner, controls the time at which the outlet valve 9 closes
Drawn position of the camshaft 16 closes the outlet valve 9 late, and with increasing axial displacement of the camshaft 16 in the direction of the adjusting device 25, the outlet valve 9 is closed earlier.

Simultaneously with the shift in the closing time of the exhaust valve 9, the size of the combustion chamber 7 is changed, which is accomplished with the auxiliary piston 19. If the camshaft 16 is axiaJ. (to the left in FIG. 2) shifts at the same time
the wedge 24 in the same direction, which causes itself
the auxiliary piston 19 moves upward under the action of the spring 20, whereby the combustion chamber 7 is enlarged.

The shift in the closing time of the exhaust valve 9 and the change in the size of the combustion chamber 7 through the auxiliary piston 19 can work according to the Otto method

working internal combustion engines also depending on

the negative pressure prevailing in the intake port 34 of the crankcase 5 ¹ by means of the pressure cell 30 (see Figure 3)
take place automatically. When the proposed internal combustion engine is at full load, this is the negative pressure in the intake port 34

zero or if it is very low, depending on the position of the throttle valve 39, the compression spring 36 pushes the piston 31 of the pressure cell 30 up (to the left in FIG enlarged and the closing of the exhaust valve 9 takes place earlier because the free
At the end of the valve shaft 12 when the camshaft 16 is displaced (to the left), the discharge shoulder 18 of the cam earlier
16 reached. Since when the internal combustion engine is idling or when the load is low, there is a corresponding negative pressure in the intake port 34 and this through the pressure line 33

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1 is transmitted to the pressure chamber 32, the shifts Piston 31 as a result of the action of the atmospheric pressure on the piston 31 against the action of the compression spring 36 (to the right in Figure 3), which is a reduction in size

5 of the combustion chamber 7 and a later closing of the exhaust valve 9 has the consequence.

Since the shoulder 18 'of the cam 15 in the axial direction (See FIG. 2) is arranged, the time 10 of opening of the exhaust valve 9 is when the displacement of the Camshaft 16 not changed *

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1 P 3085/82

August 10, 1982

5 Summary of the reference numbers used

1 cylinder 20th feather 2 Pistons 21 Abutment 10 3 Top Dead Center 22nd shaft 4th bottom dead center 23 Slope 5 connecting rod 24 wedge 5 ' Crankcase 25th Adjusting device 6th Overflow ducts 26th Shelf 15th 7th Combustion chamber 27 Control lever 8th Cylinder head 28 Adjusting disk 9 Outlet valve a arrow 10 spark plug 29 ball-bearing 11th Injector 30th Pressurized can 20th 12th Valve stem 31 Pistons 13th Valve spring 32 Printing room 14th disc 33 Pressure line 15th cam 34 Intake manifold 16 camshaft 35 Check valve 25th 17th Cylinder head attachment 36 Compression spring 17 · ball-bearing 37 Plunger 18th Drain shoulder 38 Cylinder bottom 18 · Starting shoulder 39 throttle 19th Auxiliary piston

Claims (10)

• · · · ι t η rc "I) 1" I. <· ro -ιοί P 3085/82 Gbra 10 August 1982 claims 1. Two-stroke internal combustion engine with air compression and subsequent fuel supply, with a cylinder, a cylinder head and a piston connected to a crankshaft and provided in the cylinder Transfer channels, which bsw opened by the piston. be closed ur, d pre-compressed air from the with an intake port lead provided crankcase into the cylinder chamber, and an exhaust valve is provided in the cylinder head which is controlled by a cam with a start-up shoulder and a discharge shoulder, which is on one of the crankshaft rotated camshaft sits, d a through characterized in that the cam shaft (16) is axially displaceable and the discharge shoulder (18) is arranged on a helical line looping around the camshaft (16). 2. Two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the starting shoulder (18 ·) of the cam (15) is arranged in the axial direction. 3. Two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a cylinder head attachment (17) is provided in which the Camshaft (16) is rotatably and displaceably mounted. «F« he · 30th - 11 - 4. Two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 1 to 3, characterized by one engaging on the camshaft (16) for axial displacement adjusting device (25) serving the camshaft (IS) with an adjusting plate (16) engaging the camshaft (16). 5. Two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 4, characterized in that the cylinder Ί0 the head (8) an auxiliary piston (19) under the action of a spring (20) is displaceably arranged, which has a slope (23) which cooperates with a wedge (24) provided so as to be displaceable in the cylinder head (8), which is connected to the S cell plate (26). 6. Two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that on the Set plate (26) engages the plunger (37) of a pressure cell (30), below which on a compression spring (36) seated piston (31) a pressure chamber (32) with the suction nozzle (34) is connected. 25th 35 I t ι ι i i