DE821040C - Method for protecting an autoclave with a lining - Google Patents

Method for protecting an autoclave with a lining

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Publication number
DE821040C
DE821040C DEC349A DEC0000349A DE821040C DE 821040 C DE821040 C DE 821040C DE C349 A DEC349 A DE C349A DE C0000349 A DEC0000349 A DE C0000349A DE 821040 C DE821040 C DE 821040C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
container
lining
autoclave
attached
feed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DEC349A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Jean Henri Boivinet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Compagnie de Produits Chimiques et Electrometallurgiques Alais Froges et Camargue
Original Assignee
Compagnie de Produits Chimiques et Electrometallurgiques Alais Froges et Camargue
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Compagnie de Produits Chimiques et Electrometallurgiques Alais Froges et Camargue filed Critical Compagnie de Produits Chimiques et Electrometallurgiques Alais Froges et Camargue
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE821040C publication Critical patent/DE821040C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/24—Lining or labelling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/002—Component parts of these vessels not mentioned in B01J3/004, B01J3/006, B01J3/02 - B01J3/08; Measures taken in conjunction with the process to be carried out, e.g. safety measures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J3/04—Pressure vessels, e.g. autoclaves
    • B01J3/048—Multiwall, strip or filament wound vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/06—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of tubes or metal hoses; Combined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes
    • B21C37/15—Making tubes of special shape; Making tube fittings
    • B21C37/154—Making multi-wall tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
    • B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
    • B21D51/24—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects high-pressure containers, e.g. boilers, bottles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C273/00—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C273/02—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds
    • C07C273/04—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds from carbon dioxide and ammonia
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L58/00—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation
    • F16L58/02—Protection of pipes or pipe fittings against corrosion or incrustation by means of internal or external coatings
    • F16L58/04—Coatings characterised by the materials used
    • F16L58/08—Coatings characterised by the materials used by metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/917—Corrosion resistant container
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
    • Y10T29/49938—Radially expanding part in cavity, aperture, or hollow body
    • Y10T29/4994—Radially expanding internal tube

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zum Schutz eines Autoklaven durch ein Futter Die in der chemischen Industrie verwendeten Autoklavbehälter müssen den mechanischen Beanspruchungen, denen sie ausgesetzt sind, sowie chemisch dem Korrosionsangriff der Stoffe, die sie enthalten, widerstehen.Method for protecting an autoclave by means of a lining Die in the The autoclave containers used in the chemical industry must be able to withstand the mechanical stresses, to which they are exposed, as well as chemically to the corrosive attack of the substances that they contain, resist.

Diese beiden Bedingungen können nicht immer durch ein oder ein einziges Metall erfüllt werden. Im allgemeinen ist das Metall mechanisch genügend widerstandsfähig, aber es widersteht nicht der Korrosion, oder wenn es der Korrosion widersteht, ist es mechanisch nicht genügend widerstandsfähig.These two conditions cannot always be due to one or a single one Metal to be met. In general, the metal is mechanically strong enough to but it does not resist corrosion, or if it does resist corrosion it is it is not sufficiently mechanically resistant.

Gewisse Stoffe (weiche Metalle, plastische Materialien usw.) widerstehen zahlreichen chemischen Angriffen, besitzen aber eine nur geringe mechanische Festigkeit. Man ist daher gezwungen, diese Stoffe nur als innere Verkleidung von Behältern zu verwenden, deren Mantel aus einem Metall besteht, das eine genügende Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen mechanische Beanspruchungen hat.Resist certain substances (soft metals, plastic materials, etc.) numerous chemical attacks, but have only low mechanical strength. One is therefore forced to use these materials only as the inner lining of containers use whose jacket is made of a metal that is sufficiently resistant against mechanical stress.

Bei Konstruktionen dieser Art muß man gewisse Vorsichtsmaßregeln ergreifen; im besonderen ist es erforderlich, dafür zu sorgen, daß die zwischen der Verkleidung und der Innenfläche des widerstandsfähigen Mantels eingeschlossenen Gase oder Flüssigkeiten nach außen entweichen können. Wenn man diese Vorsichtsmaßregel außer acht läßt, entsteht zwischen der Verkleidung und dem Mantel eine Aufeinanderfolge von Druck und Nachlassen des Druckes, wodurch die Verkleidung und als Folge davon auch der Mantel des Apparates, mit dem die chemischen Stoffe alsdann in Berührung kommen, rasch unbrauchbar werden.With constructions of this kind one must take certain precautionary measures; in particular, it is necessary to ensure that the between the cladding and gases or liquids trapped on the inner surface of the resilient jacket can escape to the outside. If you ignore this precaution, a succession of pressures is created between the cladding and the jacket and releasing the pressure, thereby removing the fairing and as a result of that also the jacket of the apparatus with which the chemical substances then come into contact come, quickly become unusable.

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Schutz von Autoklaven durch ein inneres Futter, bei dessen Anwendung diese Nachteile vermieden werden.The present invention relates to a method for protecting autoclaves by using an inner lining which avoids these disadvantages.

Dieses Verfahren besteht darin, daß das vorher hergestellte schützende Futter durch einen innen ausgeübten, sehr langsam zunehmenden Druck an die Innenfläche des Behälters angedrückt wird, wobei eine Drainageeinrichtung für die zwischen der Innenfläche des Behälters und dem Futter vorhandenen Gase oder Flüssigkeiten angebracht wird.This method consists in applying the previously prepared protective Lining by means of an internally exerted, very slowly increasing pressure on the inner surface of the container is pressed, with a drainage device for between the Gas or liquid present on the inner surface of the container and the feed will.

Im folgenden ist in Form eines Beispiels die innere Verkleidung eines zylindiischen Behälters durch ein Bleifutter beschrieben. Das Futter kann jedoch auch aus irgendeinem anderen geeigneten Material, z. B. Zinn, Silber, Metallen und verschiedenen Legierungen, plastischen Stoffen, wie Vinylchlorid, bestehen.The following is, by way of example, the inner lining of a cylindrical container described by a lead lining. The feed can, however also of any other suitable material, e.g. B. tin, silver, metals and different alloys, plastic materials such as vinyl chloride.

In der Zeichnung ist eine Verwirklichung der Erfindung in Form eines Beispiels dargestellt.In the drawing is an implementation of the invention in the form of a Shown as an example.

Fig. i zeigt einen Teil eines Längsschnitts durch einen Autoklaven, der mit einem inneren schützenden Futter gemäß der Erfindung versehen ist, Fig. 2 einen Querschnitt nach der Linie 2-2 der Fig. i, Fig. 2a einen entsprechenden Querschnitt durch eine andere Ausführungsform und Fig. 3 einen Teil der Fig. 2 in vergrößertem Maßstab.Fig. I shows part of a longitudinal section through an autoclave, which is provided with an internal protective lining according to the invention, Fig. 2 shows a cross section along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1, and FIG. 2a shows a corresponding one Cross section through another embodiment and FIG. 3 shows a part of FIG. 2 in enlarged scale.

Wie in Fig. i dargestellt ist, besitzt der Autoklav einen zylindrischen Mantel i, der aus einem Metall besteht, das eine genügende Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen mechanische Beanspruchungen aufweist. Dieser Mantel ist an :seinen beiden Enden mit einem ringförmigen Flansch 2 versehen. Die beiden Deckel 3 werden auf den Flanschen 2 durch Bolzen befestigt.As shown in Fig. I, the autoclave is cylindrical Sheath i, which consists of a metal that has sufficient resistance against mechanical stress. This coat is on: his two The ends are provided with an annular flange 2. The two lids 3 are on fastened to the flanges 2 by bolts.

Entlang der Erzeugenden der Innenfläche des Mantels i werden metallische Stäbe 4 angeordnet. Diese Stäbe sind vorzugsweise von gerundetem Profil, z. B. in handelsüblichem Sinne halbrund. Der gerundete Teil des Profils der Stäbe wird gegen das Innere des Mantels gerichtet, während der flache Teil auf seiner ganzen Länge mit einer kleinen, nur wenig tiefen Rinne 5 versehen wird. Diese steht entweder durch kleine, durch den Mantel i gebohrte Öffnungen i i oder durch zwischen den Flanschen 2 des Mantels und den Deckeln 3 angebrachte Öffnungen mit der Atmosphäre in Verbindung. Zwischen den Stäben. wird ein Metallgitter 6 mit verhältnismäßig großen Gitteröffnungen angeordnet (s. Fig.3).Along the generatrix of the inner surface of the jacket i become metallic Rods 4 arranged. These bars are preferably of rounded profile, e.g. Am normal commercial sense semicircular. The rounded part of the profile of the bars is against the inside of the mantle is directed, while the flat part along its entire length is provided with a small, only slightly deep groove 5. This is either through small openings i i drilled through the jacket i or through between the Flanges 2 of the shell and the lids 3 attached openings with the atmosphere in connection. Between the bars. is a metal grid 6 with relatively large grid openings (see Fig. 3).

Die Stäbe 5 und das Gitter 6 können durch einige z. B. bei 6' angebrachte Schweißpunkte in ihrer Lage gehalten werden. Man kann auch, den Abmessungen oder Formen der Apparate entsprechend, entweder nur das Gitter 6 oder nur die Stäbe 4 verwenden.The bars 5 and the grid 6 can by some z. B. attached at 6 ' Weld points are held in place. You can also choose the dimensions or Shapes of the apparatus accordingly, either only the grid 6 or only the bars 4 use.

Das zylindrische Bleifutter io, das die Verkleidung darstellen soll und das vorher gesondert hergestellt und geschweißt worden ist, wird darauf in das. Innere des Behälters eingeführt. Dieses Futter muß einen Außendurchmesser haben, der etwas kleiner ist als der Durchmesser des inneren Berührungskreises sämtlicher Längsstäbe 4. Wenn der Durchmesser des Bleifutters dem inneren Durchmesser des Apparates entspricht, kann man vorteilhafterweise in dem Bleifutter eine bogenförmige, gut abgerundete Einbuchtung 12 (s. Fig. 2a) anbringen, die dazu bestimmt ist, das Einbringen des Futters in den Apparat zu erleichtern.The cylindrical lead lining io, which is supposed to represent the fairing and that has been separately manufactured and welded beforehand, is then integrated into the. Inside of the container introduced. This chuck must have an outside diameter which is slightly smaller than the diameter of the inner circle of contact of all Longitudinal rods 4. If the diameter of the lead lining corresponds to the inner diameter of the apparatus corresponds, you can advantageously in the lead lining an arcuate, well Apply rounded indentation 12 (see Fig. 2a), which is intended to facilitate the introduction of the feed in the apparatus to facilitate.

Die Ränder 7 des Futters (s. Fig. i) werden in die Ausnehmun.g gebogen, die zu diesem Zweck auf jedem der Flansche 2 angebracht ist. Diese gebogenen Ränder füllen die Ausnehmung nicht ganz aus; diese wird durch Abtropfen von Blei vollgefüllt. Wenn das Futter mit einer vorläufigen Einbuchtung 12 versehen ist, muß man dafür Sorge tragen, daß diese an den .beiden Enden des Zylinders vermittels eines Hammers beseitigt wird, um das Bleifutter an seinen beiden Enden an die Innenfläche des Apparates gut anlegen zu können und das Umbiegen der Ränder zu erleichtern.The edges 7 of the lining (see Fig. I) are bent into the recess, which is attached to each of the flanges 2 for this purpose. These curved edges do not completely fill the recess; this is completely filled by dripping off lead. If the lining is provided with a preliminary indentation 12, one has to do so Make sure that these at the two ends of the cylinder by means of a hammer is eliminated to the lead lining at both ends to the inner surface of the To be able to put on the apparatus well and to make it easier to bend the edges.

Andererseits werden die Deckel zuvor durch Abtropfen mit Blei belegt; die Oberfläche des Bleis wird gerade gemacht, bevor sie mit den Rändern 7 in Berührung kommt. Wenn Gefäßöffnungen 9 vorgesehen werden müssen, werden diese mit Gußblei ausgefüllt; alsdann, wird die eigentliche Öffnung gebohrt. Die Deckel 3 werden unter Verwendung einer Bleizwischenlage 8 aufgelegt und sorgfältig verbolzt.On the other hand, the lids are previously covered with lead by dripping; the surface of the lead is made straight before it comes into contact with the edges 7 comes. If vessel openings 9 have to be provided, these are made with cast lead filled out; then the actual opening is drilled. The lid 3 are under Use of a lead liner 8 applied and carefully bolted.

Der Autoklav wird alsdann mit Wasser, Dampf oder Gas bei einer geeigneten Temperatur gefüllt, bei der sich das Material, aus dem das Futter besteht, in einem bestimmten Ausmaß streckt. Mit Hilfeeiner Versuchspumpe wird der Druck darauf sehr langsam bis auf einen Wert erhöht, der oberhalb des im normalen Betrieb angewandten Druckes liegt. Es ist wichtig, daß das Ansteigen des Druckes sehr langsam vor sich geht, wodurch erreicht wird, daß das Futter io sich zunächst auf die Stäbe 4 und dann durch ein sehr langsames und sehr gleichmäßiges Strecken in den zwischen den Stäben 4 liegenden Teilen auf das Metallgitter 6 sehr genau auflegt. Die zwischen dem Bleifutter io und der Innenfläche des Autoklaven eingeschlossene Luft wird auf diese Weise nach und nach durch alle vorgesehenen Öffnungen vertrieben.The autoclave is then filled with water, steam or gas at a suitable Temperature filled at which the material the lining is made of turns into one stretching to a certain extent. With the help of an experimental pump, the pressure on it becomes very high slowly increased to a value above that used in normal operation Pressure lies. It is important that the pressure rise very slowly goes, whereby it is achieved that the chuck io first on the bars 4 and then by a very slow and very even stretching in the between the Rods 4 lying parts on the metal grid 6 very precisely. The between The air trapped in the lead feed and the inner surface of the autoclave will appear in this way gradually driven out through all the openings provided.

Diese Anordnung gestattet es ferner, das Vorhandensein eines Risses im Bleifutter unverzüglich zu entdecken. Die in dem Autoklaven enthaltenen Gase oder Flüssigkeiten nehmen, wenn das Bleifutter durch einen unbeabsichtigten Zufall bricht, den gleichen Weg, den die Luft während des Einlegens gegangen ist. Sie kommen aus einem der Luftlöcher heraus, und dieses Warnzeichen gestattet es, den Apparat rechtzeitig stillzusetzen, damit die Korrosion des Metallmantels nicht zu stark wird.This arrangement also allows the existence of a crack to be discovered immediately in lead feed. The gases contained in the autoclave or take liquids if the lead feed by accidental accident breaks, the same path the air went during pickling. they are coming out of one of the air holes, and this warning sign allows the apparatus shut down in good time so that the corrosion of the metal jacket is not too severe will.

Das beschriebene Schutzverfahren und die beschriebene Schutzanordnung, die die Verwendung eines Bleifutters gestatten, sind besonders zur Herz stellung von Apparaten oder Teilen von Apparaten geeignet, die für die synthetische Erzeugung von Harnstoff aus kohlensäurehaltigem Gas und Ammoniak bestimmt sind.The protection procedure and the protection arrangement described, which allow the use of a lead feed, are particularly to the heart position of apparatus or parts of apparatus suitable for the synthetic Generation of urea from carbonated gas and ammonia are intended.

Claims (3)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: i. Verfahren zum Schutz eines, insbesondere zur synthetischen Herstellung von Harnstoff aus kohlensäurehaltigem Gas und Ammoniak geeigneten Autoklaven durch Anbringung eines inneren Futters, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das vorher hergestellte schützende Futter durch einen im Inneren ausgeübten, sehr langsam zunehmenden Druck unter Anwendung einer Drainageeinrichtung für die zwischen der Innenfläche des Behälters und dem Futter befindlichen Gase oder Flüssigkeiten an die Innenfläche des Behälters angedrückt wird. PATENT CLAIMS: i. A method for protecting an autoclave, particularly suitable for the synthetic production of urea from carbonated gas and ammonia, by attaching an inner lining, characterized in that the protective lining produced beforehand by a very slowly increasing pressure exerted inside using a drainage device for the between the inner surface of the container and the feed located gases or liquids is pressed against the inner surface of the container. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch i, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Futter eine Einbuchtung angebracht wird, um dessen Einbringen in den Behälter zu erleichtern und dessen Zerreißen während der Druckeinwirkung zu verhindern. 2. The method according to claim i, characterized in that an indentation is made in the lining around it To facilitate introduction into the container and its tearing during the application of pressure to prevent. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch i oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zwischen der Innenfläche des Behälters und dem Futter angebrachte Drainageeinrichtung aus entlang der Erzeugenden der Innenfläche des Behälters angeordneten metallischen Stäben und/oder einem auf dieser Innenwand angebrachten Gitter und/ oder Kanälen besteht, die in der Behälterwand angebracht sind und mit der Atmosphäre in Verbindung stehen.3. The method according to claim i or 2, characterized in that the drainage means attached between the inner surface of the container and the feed made of metallic ones arranged along the generatrix of the inner surface of the container Bars and / or a grid and / or channels attached to this inner wall exists, which are attached to the container wall and are in contact with the atmosphere stand.
DEC349A 1947-06-16 1949-12-28 Method for protecting an autoclave with a lining Expired DE821040C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2633414X 1947-06-16
FR821040X 1947-06-16

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DE821040C true DE821040C (en) 1951-11-15

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US (1) US2633414A (en)
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