DE815371C - Rotary piston machine with sickle-shaped work area - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a rotary piston machine with a sickle-shaped working space a rotary piston machine with a sickle-shaped working space. The machine is suitable especially for the compression of gases and vapors and for the conveyance of liquids; however, it can also be used as a drive machine or as a vacuum pump.

The specially guided rotary piston is driven by a Shaft mounted in the housing and provided with an eccentric chest. Of the Crescent-shaped working space formed between the rolling piston and the stationary housing is divided in a known manner by a slide valve into suction chamber and pressure chamber.

In the rolling piston machines of the known type with rotating or on the eccentric shaft floating in the circumferential direction causes the rolling piston reliable sealing of the slide gate major difficulties. This one will often designed as a knife gate valve stored in the housing, which by means of a Spring is pressed on the cylindrical piston. By always working changing central position of the rolling piston relative to the vertical axis of the slide gate valve only a line seal is possible between the two, which is not a reliable and good seal guaranteed and causes great wear also on the outer surface of the rolling piston.

In the case of rotary piston machines with a fixed or movable connection to the piston Separating slide, which can be rotated either in a housing or in the piston Bolt is guided oscillating, or with rolling or rotary piston machines with on one Fixed eccentric shaft rotating piston and cylinder are also large Difficulties, despite the fact that it is possible to seal over a large area here. Difficulties lie above all in the clean manufacture of the swivel joints or those that slide on each other Round surfaces, which turn out to be correspondingly expensive, and in their more difficult and unsafe Lubrication, which creates greater wear and tear and leakage on the swivel joints.

This is where the present invention comes in, and it will proposed a rotary piston machine with a novel guided piston, in which the Circular motion transmitted from the eccentric drive shaft to the center of the piston is implemented in such a way that the loosely guided and oscillating on the eccentric shaft The rolling piston itself is only moved radially and perpendicularly to it, with all points of the Piston describe a circle with a radius equal to the eccentricity of the shaft. The piston cylinder runs during this evenly circular oscillating movement of the piston always sealing past the stationary housing cylinder. That way of working has clear kinematics; any oscillating or rotating movement of the rotary piston is avoided.

This universal joint piston movement can be used both in the machines within a fixed housing cylinder as well as working on the circumference of the same Piston can be achieved. The invention can also be used in machines take place in which the piston has only one piston collar, the piston for frontal seal adjusted to its sealing surfaces or pressed elastically as well as machines with pistons with two piston collars and on which the piston is guided sealingly on the stationary housing cylinder.

The rectilinear movement of the piston enables the piston to be at the Machines with pistons working within a fixed housing cylinder may have a flat area on which the slide gate valve is wider and flatter The frontal area is able to work and seal. The slide gate valve can be used here by means of Spring pressure can be pressed onto its sealing surface. But it is still with the invention possible, the slide gate valve between a flat and a parallel to this To arrange the surface so that it can be displaced so that the same forcibly on the flat without elastic contact pressure is performed sealingly. A detachment of the separating slide from its sealing surface is prevented in both versions even at the highest speeds, and the slide gate valve has flat surfaces on all sides that are easy to manufacture ensure a permanently secure seal. With this type of construction occurs opposite the known compressors no wear on the cylindrical and to be sealed Running surface of the rolling piston through the slide valve, so that this sensitive Body remains tight all the time. In operation, the slide gate slides in a radial direction in the housing, and in the transverse direction the piston slides on the end faces of the Slide gate valve.

In the machines with working on the circumference of a fixed cylinder Piston, the part forming the cylinder is more in the form of a stationary one Rolling piston, while the rolling piston takes on the shape of a cylinder, which then performs the evenly circular oscillating movement. The flattening for the frontal sealing of the slide valve is useful here on the piston-shaped Cylinder attached, while the slide valve mounted in the piston moves in the transverse direction can move back and forth between the flat and a fixed surface. This surface can, for example, be fastened to the lid by a flattened one Bolts exist. As the shaft rotates, the piston slides in the radial direction on the slide valve, and in the transverse direction the piston slides with the slide valve between the flats on the cylinder and bolt.

The universal joints, circular oscillating movement of the rolling piston can for example by the following special devices or by the slide valve be achieved by yourself.

Between the moving piston and the stationary part, such as the housing or cover, a loose guide washer is placed on the center of the eccentric, which on each side has one or more parallel grooves or lugs that are mutually exclusive run cross-angled and in appropriately shaped lugs or grooves from the fixed Part and slide from the moving piston. As the shaft rotates, the eccentric face of the shaft on the Kolbennabenmit te transmitted circular motion due to the straight guidance of the loose disc on the one hand on the fixed part and on the other hand, transferred to the moving piston in such a way that the same is rectilinear radially and perpendicular to it by the amount of double the eccentricity of the shaft on and is moved back and forth and all points of the piston form a circle with the Describe the radius equal to the eccentricity of the shaft. The frontal positions of the driven piston on the opposing surface to be sealed can in a known manner done firmly or elastically by spring pressure or other means. The Employment in a further embodiment of the invention also via the universal joint guide device take place.

In the case of the rotary piston machines, the cylinder is guided on the stationary cylinder Pistons in which the piston is positioned against its sealing surfaces by the piston guide If the piston collars are omitted, the cross-jointed guidance of the piston can also be used can be achieved in that on the piston two opposite parallel pins in vertically displaceable guides are arranged to slide radially, these are still axially displaceable in vertical guides on the housing or cover.

Furthermore, the universal joint piston guide can also be achieved in this way that two opposite parallel bolts are arranged on the circumference of the piston, which slide in the radial direction in guide rods attached perpendicular thereto and these guide rods in turn in the fixed part, such as housing or cover, axially adjustable bolts are displaceable in the vertical direction. With this Execution is associated with the advantage that the piston is close to the front face can be grasped, where even no harmful elongation due to the operating heat can occur. The piston is pressed against its face sealing surface by this device pulled and can be fixed or elastic to ensure a secure seal at standstill and during operation can be set. Fixed working cylinder and moving piston can move expand at all pressure conditions in the same way as desired, so that with it a good seal is also ensured on the mating surface, especially with the small one circular movement of the piston all mutually coming to seal parts suffer only very slight shifts and thereby same temperature conditions, are therefore also exposed to the same elongation. This means an essential Progress in the construction of these rotary piston machines, as with the previous versions the piston was only pressed on from its rear wall and that was caused by the operating heat generated elongation of the working cylinder the contact pressure due to the high rigidity the required strong springs so increased that these machines by the increased frictional work no longer competitive with the compressors work with reciprocating pistons. This fact is the essential one The reason that so far the rotary piston compressor has mainly only been used as a small compressor were carried out, in which the occurring length expansions due to the small working width unable to exert any significant influence. The higher the compression pressure and the longer the working widths, the more there is this disadvantageous effect come into its own.

The present invention further discloses that the slide gate Can be used directly for the universal joint piston guide, if the same pressed so hard on the flat on the piston or on the stationary cylinder is that he is able to give the piston a safe guide, or if the slide gate is built into the piston in such a way that it is between two parallel surfaces is forcibly performed. This thought can also be applied to machines with within a stationary housing cylinder working piston can be realized.

In the rotary piston machines with on the outer circumference of the stationary Housing cylinder working piston is achieved the same effect that the Slide gate in the transverse direction between two fixed parallel surfaces is passed through the piston, the piston on the slide gate valve in the radial direction slides. This also makes the straight piston movement at a cross angle achieved.

With these designs, the slide gate prevents with complete safety a twisting of the rotary piston and causes the special type of its leadership in the simplest way the cruciform guidance of the rolling piston. This creates a short construction achieved, so that the invention is a significant advance in construction this rolling piston machine brings.

The figures shown in the drawings show exemplary embodiments for rotary piston machines that work as compressors.

Fig. I shows a rotary piston machine with a stationary inside Housing cylinder working rolling piston with a piston collar. For sealing on The end face is the piston with spring pressure on the rear face of the piston pressed against its end face, and a special device is used to guide the piston intended. The figure shows the vertical section along the line 1-I in Fig. 2, seen in the direction of the arrow, again.

Fig.2 shows the vertical section along the line II-II in Fig. i seen in the direction of the arrow.

Fig. 3 shows a rotary piston machine that works in the same way as after Fig. 1 shows, with the main difference, that here the piston is not inside of the fixed housing cylinder works, but on the circumference of the same. These The figure shows the vertical section along the line III-III in Fig. 4, in the direction of the arrow seen again.

Fig.4 shows the vertical section along the line IV-IV in Fig. 3 seen in the direction of the arrow.

Fig. 5 shows the view of a guide washer, where on each On each side a guide groove or guide lug arranged at a cross angle to one another can be seen, while Fig. 6 shows a guide disc with several on each side Grooves or lugs arranged at cross angles to one another are provided.

Fig. 7 shows another device for the rectilinear guidance of the Pistons for rotary piston machines, the pistons of which are inside a fixed housing cylinder work and have two piston collars that form the axial piston guide on the housing cylinder exercise. This figure shows the vertical section along the line VII-VII of the Fig. 8, seen in the direction of the arrow, again.

Fig.8 shows the vertical section along the line VIII-VIII in Fig. 7 seen in the direction of the arrow. Fig.9 corresponds to a rotary piston machine with a working on the outer circumference of the fixed housing cylinder piston that is used for the frontal seal is tightened firmly or elastically with a device, which can also be used to guide the piston at the same time. The figure shows the vertical section along the line IX-IX of Fig. 10 seen in the direction of the arrow.

Fig.io shows the vertical section along the line X-X in Fig. 9 seen in the direction of the arrow.

In Figs. I and 2 with the housing designed as a cylinder i the two covers 2 and 3 firmly connected, in which the shaft 4 is mounted. the Shaft 4 is provided with an eccentric chest 5 and carries on it in the axial Direction of loosely guided rolling piston 6. Due to the eccentric bearing of the rolling piston 6 a sickle-shaped working space 7 is formed between this and the housing i, which is divided into suction chamber and pressure chamber by the spring-loaded slide valve 8 will.

Between the rolling piston 6 and the housing cover 3 is on the center of the eccentric a guide disk 9 is arranged, which, as Fig. 5 shows, on each S @ = ite cross-angled has mutually arranged grooves io, ii into which the lugs 12 of the rolling piston 6 and the nose 13 of a special, axially displaceable in the fixed cover 3 and locked against rotation disk 14 engage and slide. Through the cross-angled grooved guide disk 9 is given to the rolling piston 6 as the shaft 4 rotates, without participating in the rotation, in a radial and in a perpendicular direction Direction the desired even, circularly oscillating movement, whereby he on the inner wall of the housing cylinder i sealing and with little sliding passes and displaces the sucked-in agent at 16 in the direction of rotation of the shaft and condensed. The compressed medium passes through hole 17 and a not shown Pressure valve in the pressure line. The new kinematics of the The rotary piston 6 can have the same a flat 15 on which the slide gate valve 8 can work with a wide sealing surface, with the rotation of the shaft 4 the separating slide 8 at a crossed angle to the flat flattening that slides past 15 of the rolling piston moves.

Figs. 3 and 4 show the application of the inventive concept to rotary piston machines with the same mode of operation as in Figs. -Ckels 2 can work. As these figures show, the slide gate valve can also be arranged in the rotary piston 6. So that the slide valve 8 can seal with a wide area here too, the fixed cylinder i8 has the flat portion i9 corresponding to the flat portion 15 in FIG. The separating slide is mounted here between the flat 9 and the parallel flat 31 on the bolt 30 attached to the cover 2. During the rotation of the shaft 4, the circular movement of the center of the piston hub produces a radial displacement of the piston 6 on the separating slide 8, and the piston 6 with the separating slide 8 slides in the transverse direction between the two flats i9 and 31, the separating slide 8 always without elastic means is held sealingly on the flat i9 of the piston.

Fig. 6 shows that the guide washer 9 according to Figs. 1, 3 and 5 also on both sides with several guide grooves arranged at cross angles to one another or guide lugs 20, 21 and 22 can be provided. It is essential that all grooves or lugs on each side are parallel.

In Fig. I it is also shown that the employment of the to be sealed End faces 23 and 24 of the rolling piston 6 also via the universal joint guide disk 9 can be done; the spring is designated with 28 and the elastic pad with 29, The contact pressure can be adjusted by means of the screw 26. In Fig. 3 happens the adjustment of the end faces 23 and 24 in a known manner via the spring pressure standing sleeve 25, while the universal joint guide disk 9 is arranged for itself is. So here work the device for frontal pressing and the for Guide the piston necessary separately from one another; while the disk 14 is after Fig. i superfluous. The grooves or lugs can be incorporated directly into the housing 27 be.

In a further embodiment of the invention, Figs. 7 and 8 show a Another device for universal joints guiding the piston, which is particularly useful in Rotary piston machines with pistons guided on the stationary cylinder are suitable because this is the case the axial face seal of the piston takes over the piston guide. The ones from the parts 34 to 37 existing device is therefore only used for universal joint guidance of the piston. Here are two opposite parallel on the piston collar 33 of the piston 6 Pin 34 in vertically displaceable guide stones 35 arranged to slide radially, these guide stones 35 continue to be in guide pockets 37 in the vertical Move direction. These guide pockets can i or directly in the housing in the cover 2 or in an intermediate ring located between the cover 2 and the housing i or insert 36 can be arranged. Since the piston 6 by means of its piston collars 32 and 33 is guided on the end faces 23 and 24 on the housing cylinder i, so leave also the guide pockets to avoid a double piston guide and to make it easier Installation still an axial displacement of the guide blocks 35 to.

There is nothing in the way, instead of two adjustment devices The only important thing is to arrange four or more of them when there are several devices two complete diametrically opposed to each other are always arranged.

The guide device does not necessarily need to be on the front side of the piston 6 to be arranged, it can also be on both end faces or within the working width depending on the type of construction. It is also possible with machines with overhung piston and one-sided mounted eccentric shaft with only one Get along with the guide, which is then arranged centrally on one end face of the piston can be.

In Fig. 9 and io the universal joint guiding of the piston is also shown at the same time for the fixed or elastic adjustment of the piston to its to be sealed End faces used. This version is particularly suitable for rotary piston machines with piston working on the outer circumference of a stationary housing cylinder. For this are attached to the outer wall of the piston 6 two eyes 44 for mounting the bolts 39, in the selected illustration in the vertically arranged guide rods 4o can be moved horizontally. The guide rods 40 are now in turn in two Guide bolts 41 mounted on the cover 2 and provided with a thread are vertically displaceable. With these devices, the piston 6 also receives as the shaft 4 rotates the cross-angled circular swinging movement and is thereby at the outer Wall of the stationary cylinder 18 guided in a sealing manner; it slides in the piston 6 mounted separating slide 8 on the flat ig of the cover cylinder 18 on wider Sealing surface back and forth and is pressed on by the spring 45. The spring 45 can can also be replaced by other elastic means, for example the Pressure of the fuel itself can be used for pressing.

Since now the guide pins 41 in the cover 2 by means of the nuts 42 and possibly still arranged adjustable by the springs 43, the Piston 6 can be pulled firmly or elastically against its end faces, whereby a permanent good seal is achieved. This device has the great advantage that it can be attached close to the front face, where the length extension itself the working cylinder 6 and 18 by the operating heat of the pressed fuel cannot have a harmful influence. The two working cylinders are now in theirs Shape designed in the same way and can expand freely and easily, so that they provide a secure seal at all operating pressures in operation and at a standstill ensure, especially since the surface parts of this cylinder to be sealed by the small Move in a circle have only slight mutual displacements and thus always the same temperature conditions, thus also the same length expansions are exposed.

The operating medium sucked in at 16 is compressed and displaced in the direction of shaft rotation and reaches the pressure line at 17 through a pressure valve (not shown).

Instead of two adjusting devices, only one or their four or more are arranged, it is only important that with several adjusting devices always two complete devices are arranged diametrically opposite one another. Even the device can be designed in such a way that the piston has two on each side Slide bolts are attached, which run parallel to each other. Both bolts are then also horizontally displaceable in vertical guide rods, and these slide turn in the vertical direction in fixed or elastically adjustable on the lid Bolt.

A rotary piston machine of the type according to the invention can be used of all the experience necessary for reliable sealing in a compact and manufacture smaller versions. The slide gate valve can be wider and flatter Sealing surface separate the suction chamber and pressure chamber. The sensitive outer surface of the In contrast to the known designs, the rotary piston is not exposed to any wear; all surfaces exposed to normal wear and tear remain permanently sealed because automatic readjustment of these areas in the company is ensured. Dsrch the uniform circular oscillating movement of the piston, without any oscillating tendency, the machine works very quietly even at high speeds the minute. Thus, with this type of construction, there is a very significant advance in the construction achieved by rotary piston machines.

Claims (7)

PATENT CLAIMS: i. Rotary piston machine with sickle-shaped work space, in which the piston is driven by an eccentrically mounted shaft and inside or works on the outer circumference of a stationary housing cylinder, characterized in that that the piston is guided at a cross angle in such a way that it is only radial and vertical can move by the amount of twice the eccentricity of the shaft, with all Points of the piston perform a uniformly circular oscillating movement. 2. Rolling piston machine according to claim i, characterized in that the cross-jointed Piston guide by a between the fixed part (housing or the like.) And the moving piston arranged device is effected. 3. Rotary piston machine after Claims i and 2, characterized in that the device of the universal joints Piston guide consists of a loose disc arranged on the center of the eccentric, which has one or more parallel grooves or lugs on each side that oppose one another Are arranged at cross angles and in corresponding lugs or grooves in the stationary Part and slide on the piston. 4. Rotary piston machine according to claim i and 2, characterized characterized in that the device serving for the universal joint piston guide is formed is made up of bolts, which are arranged opposite one another across the machine axis and which can be moved work in guides that move vertically and are mounted in fixed parts. 5. A rotary piston machine according to claim i and 2, characterized in that the universal joints Piston guide consists of two circumferentially opposite devices with which the piston can be pulled against the sealing surface of the stationary parts. 6. Rotary piston machine according to claim i, characterized in that the separating slide itself for universal joints Serves guidance of the piston. 7. Rotary piston machine according to claim i to 6, characterized characterized in that the slide gate valve directly without the use of elastic means arranged between two surfaces fixed in the shaft axis to the slide gate valve is.