DE78755C - Telephone system - Google Patents

Description

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IMPERIAL

PATENT OFFICE.

PATENT LETTERING

CLASS 21: Electrical apparatus.

GEORG RITTER in STUTTGART. Telephone system.

Patented in the German Empire on August 31, 1893.

The establishment of the telephone system is such that when the telephone is picked up by a participant the call flap of the same and when hanging up the telephone, after the call is finished, the closing flap on the switching center automatically falls. The power sources that cause this falling are not at the individual subscriber stations, but housed on the switching center.

In order to enable to call the Vermittelungsstelle by the ^{participator,:} are Sämmtliche participator lines Z ^1/2 / ^3rd . . connected on the switching center to one pole of a current source w ¹ w * (see FIGS. 1 to 8); the other pole of the latter lies either on earth or on lines which lead as a second line to the subscriber stations. In the latter, the first-mentioned line is at the fulcrum of a switching lever h serving as a suspension hook for the telephone f , the other, depending on the operating mode introduced in the system, either to the quiescent current connection piece. r, Fig. 1 to 4, 7 and 8, or to the call flow connector α, Fig. 5 and 6, of the switching lever mentioned; The telephone line is connected to a third flow switch s of this switch. In the middle of the switch, each participant is able to connect his / her station either through a metallic ring line or through a metallic outgoing line and the earth as a return line with the exchange, whereby it it is possible for the subscribers at any time to close the power source w ^l w ' ^{2 of} the exchange connected to the lines and thereby bring their call flip k to drop.

In order to be able to bring the closing flaps d (these are omitted in Figs. 1 to 6 for the sake of clarity) to fall from the individual participant stations after the conversation has ended, the following arrangement is made:

With the so-called. Two-cord system (see Figs. 14 to 18) a power source / is placed behind each closing flap d , which is closed when the two plugs are inserted via the electromagnetic winding of the closing flap, whereby the latter, which consists of magnetic material, is closed by 'the electromagnet' is tightened and held until the aforementioned power source is interrupted again by hanging the telephone of the two connected participants on their switching levers, whereupon the closing flap falls again. With the so-called. In a single cord system (see Figs. 7 and 8), the stopper cords η η in front of the electromagnet of the call flap K of each subscriber line are branched off from the latter; comes into conductive connection with the call current source η> ^λ w ^{2 of} the switching center. During the duration of a connection, the call flap K is isolated on the one hand. Depending on the

(Zth edition, issued on December 2nd

The closing flaps are located in the operating mode with their power sources either in the plug line (plug cord) or - in the case of ring lines

- between the two stopper lines or else

- when using the earth as a return line - ■ between the line and the earth; the More about this will be explained below.

The telephone system described enables the following types of telephone operation:

a) Calling the exchange by the subscribers by means of earth return; Call the participant through the exchange, as well as speaking by means of a ring line (see Fig to 4);

b) The subscribers call the exchange by means of a ring line; Calling the Participants through the exchange, as well as speaking by means of earth return (see Fig. 5 and 6);

c) Calling the exchange by the participants, as well as speaking by means of earth return; Call the participator by the Vermittelungsstelle 1 by means of ring line (see Fig to 4, in which make only a change, that in place of the line drawn from the telephone to / from the return line \\ line a is such drawn by the ground line;.. Latter compound is indicated in Figs. 1 to 4 by dotted lines).

The following line arrangements can be used for all three operating modes:

1. Each call station has a special metallic return line;

2. A common return line is arranged for certain groups of call stations;

3. A common metallic return line is available for all microphone units.

A fourth line arrangement is possible for operating modes a) and c), which consists of That means a certain number of subscriber lines behind the microphone units are connected to each other, so that, as required, some of the lines connected in this way, one or more of the other, instead of the otherwise specially drawn return lines ^ ^ serves as a metallic return line to the exchange.

To operate the telephone system described can switch cabinets, both for single as well as for multiple use, can also be used as a call stream source those for direct current are used than for alternating current. , The mode of action for the individual operating modes respectively. Line arrangements should be based on the drawings in Will be described below. To make the description appear as clear as possible let the same be the one involved in the establishment of a connection from the participant or follow the official's actions.

A. Subscriber calling the central office.

In all of the modes of operation and line arrangements listed above, this takes place in that the subscriber removes his telephone / from the switching lever h , whereby the latter is lifted in the air by a spring or a weight (both of which have been omitted in the drawings as insignificant). Here, the lever made of metal comes into a temporarily conductive connection with the call flow connector a; As long as this connection takes place, the call current source w ^l n> ^{2 of} the switching center is closed, which has the consequence of the dropping of the call flap K of the subscriber concerned. The course of the current, which is indicated by non-feathered arrows, is as follows:

I. In the line arrangements 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the modes a) and c) (see FIGS. 1 to 4) from the rails ö ¹ b ¹ respectively. b ² b ² into the line / via the electromagnet of the call flap K to the switching lever h, from there via the call current connection piece α to earth c and through this back to the other pole of the power source n> ¹ n> ² .

II. In the line arrangements 1, 2 and 3 of the operating mode b) (see FIGS. 5 and 6) from the rails b ^l b ^l respectively. b ' ² b ² exactly as in I. up to the call stream loop a, from this through the return lines ^ to the other pole of the power source n> ¹ n>' ² .

In Fig. 5, the operating arrangements 1. and 2. are shown combined; If one wants the latter, one has to think away the lines ^ ³ ^ ³ and Z ^ ζ ⁴ " and put the dotted connecting lines between ^ ³ and z ² as well as z ^ and ^ ¹ in their place.

When using the single lacing system, the plug seats b ¹ b ¹ respectively occur in place of the rails. b ² b ² , from which the current enters the lines / through the metal ferrules attached to the lower part of the stopper handle. 7 and 8, the line arrangements 1 and 4 of the operating mode a) are shown.

It should be added here that the call current source w ¹ w ² according to the different resistances of the lines in subsections w ^x w ¹ . . . is divided. 3. Only in the case of the Sämtliche modes a), b) and c) läfst a division of the power source for the call of the Vermittelungsstelle by the participator not (make s. Fig. 3 and 6), otherwise w the subdivisions ^l harmful Would be exposed to permanent closings.

B. Calling the subscriber through the exchange.

The description of this. It should be noted that the subscriber lines Z from the rails bb of the power sources first fold around the electromagnets of the call and then lead them through the switching pawls. The latter are constructed in such a way that when the connecting plugs are inserted into them, either the pawls themselves interrupt the subscriber lines / to the call current source, or that an auxiliary circuit is closed in which there is a current source and an electromagnet, the armature of which is in the attracted state the participant line, interrupts (see Figs. 12 and 13). The details of the two devices will be described below, as will those of the devices for calling the subscribers through the exchange; first of all, with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8, it should be shown which line connections must be made by the official in order to be able to call a subscriber at a time.

Fig. Ι (line arrangement i. The operating mode a) and c):

Subscriber 4 is to be called; its line is one of the shorter and therefore does not require the entire power source W ¹ W ² for the call, but only a fraction of it. For this purpose, the ground pole of the power source w ^l w ^{2 is} connected to the line Z ⁴ separated from the latter, and the associated return line ^ is connected to the rail b ² b ² . The connecting lines are shown by dashed lines, the arrows at the ends of the same mean plugs, the dots at the other ends fixed connections, the circuit is indicated by feathered arrows and goes from rail b ' ² b ² via line ^ ⁴ , bell g \ Closed circuit r ⁴ , switch lever / j ⁴ and through line Z ⁴ back to the power source ji> ² . If a participant with a longer line is to be called, his return line ^ is connected to the rail b ¹ b ¹ , so that the entire power source W ¹ W ² comes into effect.

Fig. 2 (Line arrangement 2. of operating mode a) and c):

It is assumed that subscriber 3 should be called; For this purpose, the central office officer connects the line Z ³ , which is separated from the call current source n> ^l tv ² , to the ground pole of the former, and also connects the return line ^ ¹ ^ ¹ to the rail δ ¹ /? ¹ , causing the following current flow.

From the, rail b ¹ b ¹ , the current goes through the return line ^ ¹ ^ ¹ to the bell g ³ , the quiescent current connection piece r ³ , through lever h ^a and line Z ³ via the plug line to the call power source. Line Z ³ is one of the longer ones; if the call is to be sent on a shorter line, a connection must be established between b ² b ² and ^ ^ ² so that only part w ^{1 of} the call current source comes into effect.

Fig. 3 (Line arrangement 3. of operating mode a) and c):

As opposed to calling the exchange by the subscriber where the call power source is only. May be used undivided, can be called here with the subsections of the call current source. Should z. B. Subscriber 3 is called, a connection is established between Z ³ and the earth pole of the call power source n> ¹ w ² , as well as a connection between the rail b ¹ b ¹ and the return line \\ , which creates the following circuit:

From the rail b ^L b ^l via the return line \\ to the bell g ³ , closed circuit r ³ , lever h ^s , line Z ³ and via the plug line to the call power source w ^l w ² . If one of the shorter lines is to be called, a connection is established between Z and a point of the call current source n> ^x n> ² located between w ¹ and w ² , in which case only part n> ^{1 of} the latter comes into effect.

Fig. 4 (Line arrangement 4. of operating mode a) and c):

To call a subscriber, all that is required is the establishment of a respective connection between the line Z of the subscriber to be called and the ground pole of the call current source w ^l w ² , then only the required part of the latter comes into effect without further ado. This connection is drawn for participant 5 and the following circuit is created:

From the rail b ² b ² through the other subscriber lines connected to the latter to the connecting wire c ² c ² , from there through the return line ^ ⁵ ^ ⁵ via the bell g ^& , quiescent current connection piece r ⁵ , lever h ⁵ , line Z ⁵ and the plug line back to the call current source W ¹ W ² , of which only n> ² comes into effect. Over the other participant positions of the group in question the current runs in the opposite direction as described for participant position 5; their bells and call flaps are so constructed that they either respond only to the full flow or only to the flow coming in the opposite direction.

Fig. 5 (line arrangement ι. And 2. the
Operating mode b):

The type of calling the subscribers through the switching center takes place with the line arrangements i. and 2. in the same way. Should z. B. Subscriber 4 is called, a connection is established between the line / ⁴ and the rail b ^% b ² , so that the following circuit is established:

From rail b ¹ b ¹ to earth, through this to subscriber station 4 and there through bell g ⁴ , quiescent current connection piece r *, lever h * to line Z ⁴ , 'from this through plug line to rail b ² b ² and back to the call current source w ¹ , which comes into effect alone. If the entire call current source n> ^l n> ^{2 is} to come into effect when calling in a long line, a plug connection is established between / and b ³ b ³ .

Fig. 6 (Line arrangement 3. of operating mode b):

In this case, the same connections are required for the exchange to call the subscribers as in FIG. B. the subscriber 3 are called, the current runs through rail b ¹ b ¹ to earth, through this to subscriber station 3, there through bell g ³ , closed circuit r ³ , lever h ^a to line / ³ , from there through the. Plug line to call power source w ¹ w ² , which comes fully into effect.

When calling on a shorter line, only w ^{1 is} active, since the plug line is then applied between n> ¹ and w ² .

7 corresponds to the line arrangement 1. of the operating mode a) using the constriction system.

FIG. 8 corresponds to the line arrangement 4. of the same operating mode using the constriction system. In both cases the connections are shown in such a way that subscribers 2 and 3 are called. The current flows do not require any further explanation, on the other hand, reference is made to the explanations relating to FIGS. 1 and 4; It is only necessary to point out that not only two but more subscriber lines are connected to the connecting lines C ¹ C ¹ and C ² C- , which serve as return lines for the call flow of the subscriber lines 2 and 3.

After the above, the call to the subscribers through the exchange required line connections for the various cases are discussed in The following describes the devices that enable the officer to use to produce the compounds mentioned in a quick and simple manner.

In Fig. 9, the devices are shown, which the .Leitungsanordnung 1. and -2. the operating modes a) and c) require (see Fig. 1 and 2). Of the two to be used. Connection plug is used to query the calling party, the other to call the requested subscriber. .The connections between call power source w ^l w ² and lines I and ζ are shown by dashed lines; the one with the grounded pole of the call current source W ¹ W ² is required for the call of all lines, whatever resistance they may have, the connections with the rails 6 ¹ b ¹ only come into effect when the call is in a long one, those with b ² £> ² , if such has to be done in a short participant line. To make this possible, connecting lines with the call power source are drawn to the jacks of each subscriber line and the jacks are spring-loaded; Depending on the resistance of the subscriber line, these connecting lines are either connected to rail b ¹ b ¹ or to b ² b ² . In the first case the whole of the call current source w ¹ w ¹ comes into effect during the call, in the second case only a part. The procedure for calling is now as follows:

1. Operating mode a), line arrangement 1. and 2.:

After the officer has been able to query the number of the subscriber to be called by inserting the plug I, plug II is inserted so deeply into the latch of the requested number that the spring / metal piece 6 of the plug is touched and the latter presses the spring against the spring \ , whereby the circuit indicated by the arrows and described in more detail above arises. When the plug II is released, it is automatically pressed into the speaking position by spring 4.

2. Operating mode c), line arrangement 1. and 2.:

By inserting the bell IV into the pawl of the subscriber to be called, the spring I with the metal piece 14 and the spring ^ and ρ with the metal piece 16 come into a conductive connection, whereby the same current flow arises as before. It should be noted here that the device used in plug IV for the temporary metallic connection of the springs ρ and ^ can also be used in plug II, and vice versa (cases a) and c) differ only in that. with the latter on simple, with the former on ring line).

In Fig. 10 the calling device for the Line arrangement 3. of operating modes a) and c) shown, the circuit is indicated by arrows, the way how the same to

The above description will make it easy to understand.

In order to generate a call with line arrangement 4. of operating modes a) and c), it is only necessary to establish a connection between the line / the subscriber to be called and the ground pole of the call current source w ^ W ¹ (see Fig. 4 ), so in case a) the lines p ^ p ¹ _: ρ ' ² ρ * ... with the associated springs ρ can be omitted (see Fig. g, plug II), whereas in case c) the springs % in Can be omitted because it is spoken on a simple line (Fig. 9, plug IV). A more detailed explanation of the process can also be omitted here; It should only be mentioned that, if ringing by means of the stopper is not required, ordinary ringing buttons can also be used here.

The calling device required in operating mode b), line arrangement 1., 2. and 3. is shown in FIG. 11; in all three cases it is a question of establishing a connection between a subscriber line / and, depending on the length, respectively. Resistance of the latter with all or part of the call current source η> ^Λ η> ² (see Figs. 5 and 6). Be for this purpose. Springs ρ of the subscriber pawl are connected to the rails b ² b ² or b ³ b ³ , depending on whether these subscriber lines are shorter or longer. Calling is done by inserting the connecting plugs II or IV into the jacks of the respective subscriber to be called. The creation and the course of the call flow will not require a special explanation after the preceding. When to call the participators through the Vermittelungssfelle only by means of the whole power source W ¹ W * and not by means of subdivisions of the same place, which are small in small plants where the W ^T iderstandsunterschiede the participators lines, or can be done in AC mode, the call springs ρ in the latches can be omitted, or ordinary bell buttons can be used. It is now superfluous to describe the device indicated at the beginning of this section for disconnecting the subscriber lines from the call current source. In Fig. 12 the device is indicated in which the separation takes place in the pawls themselves; 1, 2 and 3 denote the latch springs of a double line, 4 and 5 those of a single line; in the idle state touch ι and 2 respectively. 4 and 5. If a plug is used, 2 and 3 respectively. 5 pressed to the side, whereby separation between 1 and 2 respectively. takes place between 4 and 5.

The electromagnetic separation device is shown in Figure 13, the upcoming for use with Hülfsstromkreis electromagnet c and power source b is connected a partly on the latch sleeves h and another portion of the plug ferrule \. as soon as a plug is placed in a sleeve, an electric circuit occurs and the electromagnet c interrupts the lines / by tightening its armature a.

C. Establishing the links between two participants and the nature of the Activation of the closing flaps to enable automatic delivery of the final sign.

The speech circuit resulting from the connection of two subscriber lines in line arrangement 1. of operating mode a) can be seen in Fig. 14a, points 1 and 2 represent the latch springs of lines Z ¹ and ^ ¹ , 3 and 4 those of lines P and ^ ² The closing flap d with the associated power source / can either be switched between the two plug lines 1-3 and 2-4 (see FIG. 14a), or in one of the latter two, regardless of which one the closing flap comes to rest with the power source (see Fig. 14b). It is only to be noted that in the first case the interruption of both subscriber lines is necessary in order to cause the closing flap to fall, while in the second case the interruption of one of the two subscriber lines is sufficient for this.

FIG. 15a shows the type of connection between two subscriber lines for line arrangement 2. of operating mode a), designations that correspond to FIGS. 14a and 14b have been chosen; Here the closing flap d with its current source i must be placed in the plug lines, namely either between points 1 and 4 or 2 and 3 according to FIG. 15a, whereas the circuits according to FIGS. 15b to 15d are not permitted, namely for the following reasons:

When the subscriber station is called by the switching center, rail b ^l b ^l with return line ^ ¹ ^ i, line b ² b ² with return line ^ ² £ ^{2 must be} temporarily connected; If the closing flap is placed in the plug line between points 2 and 4, then 1-3 the current source w ^x closes briefly, the same with the circuit according to FIG. 15c; If, on the other hand, the closing flap is placed in the plug line 1-3 (see Fig. 15b) or between the two plug lines 1-4 and 2-3 according to Fig. 15d, both subscriber lines I ¹ and / ^{2 can be} interrupted without this the closing flap falls as soon as two participants of the two groups are called, whereas with the circuit according to Fig. 15a there will always be a fall as soon as both lines β

and P are interrupted. The circuits permissible for the line arrangement 3. of operating mode a) are shown in FIGS. 16a and 16b, while FIG. 16c shows a circuit which is not permissible. In FIG. 16a, the closing flap d is located with its power source i in the plug line 2-4, which connects the lines / 'and P with one another; inserting in 1-3 is, as can easily be seen, not permitted; in FIG. 16b, the closing flap d and the associated power source i are located between the two plug lines 2-4 and 1-3; Both types represent useful circuits, on the other hand, with a circuit according to FIG. 16c, an automatic dropping of the closing flap could not be achieved. In FIGS. 17a and 17b, two circuits which can be considered for the line arrangement 4. of operating mode a) are shown; The first illustration does not need any further explanation, the second involves permanent shortings of the power source W ¹ W ² via the connected lines and the closing flap, which may be used to replace the power source i , because in the event of an interruption of the lines / those mentioned Stop permanent closings. Since in all line arrangements of operating modes b) and c) speaking takes place in a single line using the earth as the return line, circuits of the closing flaps d with the associated power source i come into consideration for these cases, as shown in FIGS. 18a and 18b are shown. These circuits will not require any further explanation after the preceding.

The two cases of the constriction system shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 are now to be discussed. In the case of FIG. 7 (line arrangement i. Operating mode a), closing flap d and power source i are in plug line nn; the switching on of the same between η η and the return line ■ {\ is not permissible because of a permanent circuit of the current source i via the associated participant station. In Fig. 8, on lines 1 and 2, the closing flap d with its current sources i are located in the plug lines η η (corresponding to Fig. 18 a), whereas for lines 3 and 4 they are between the plug line η η and the earth (according to Fig . 18b); here current source i is also replaced by call current source w ¹ .

In order to ensure that the closing flaps d fall off safely and to prevent repeated dropping of the call flaps K, the call flow α of the subscriber stations is established in such a way that when the lever h is lowered as a result of the telephone f being suspended again, there is no electrical connection. This is achieved (see Fig. 19). that a spring χ is attached to the lever h , that furthermore the electrical connection piece α is shaped in such a way that when the suspension hook h is raised, the upper metallic surface of a, on the other hand, when it is lowered, the lower non-conductive surface of α through the one attached to the lever h Spring χ is touched.

To the conclusion still the circuit of a participator position shown in Fig. 20 is discussed, which is different from those shown in Figs. 1 to '8 characterized ,, That the bell g in the line / instead is located in the return line ^, thereby achieving becomes that when the subscriber calls the exchange, the bell of the same speaks. The bell closes briefly when speaking. If you want to avoid the speech current connections s and s ¹ , the telephone can be continuously between the lines / and ^ respectively. / and earth is laid, only then one has to give the telephone f great resistance in relation to the bell g .

Claims (1)

Patent Claims: 1. Telephone system, with which call and closing signals of the subscriber stations are automatic and be given to the latter without special batteries, characterized by that each subscriber station with the switching center by one in the idle state open, insulated at one end and connected to earth at the other end, into which on the participant station on the alarm clock and the telephone alternately einbezw. switching off and thereby the Rufbezw. Changeover switch causing the final sign, on the other hand at the brokerage point the jacks, the call clap and the shared power source are switched on is, which combined with a special power source and during the speech connection the closing flap through which the current of this source flows is set up in this way is that the drop flap is held up during this time and only after an interruption of the circuit is triggered by the changeover switch of the subscriber unit. 2. An embodiment of the under 1. marked Telephone system using switch cabinets, in which in the jacks of the subscriber lines Stromschlufsfedern are arranged, which with the call power source of the switching center are connected in such a way that by inserting the plugs into the pawls, the resistance of the subscriber line concerned is in each case connected corresponding part of the call current source for calling the subscribers by metallic connection of the mentioned circuit springs with the on the pawl springs connected to the participant lines comes into effect.
An embodiment of the under ι. marked telephone system using switch cabinets of the cord system, in which a plug line (nn) branches off from the subscriber lines (II) in front of the call flap (K) , which connects to the closing flap (d) and a pull-out. belonging power source is connected in the manner specified in claim ι.
An embodiment of the under i. marked telephone system using an arrangement of the subscriber lines in such a way that the branches fa%) of the loop lines are not led to the exchange, but only to isolated rails (c ¹ c ¹ C ¹ C ¹ ...) , whereby line groups are formed so that a part of the lines of these groups can serve as metallic return lines for the remaining lines, as required. 5. An embodiment of the under 1. marked Telephone system using . The creation of switching cabinets in which the closing flap to the call flaps of the subscriber lines connected to one another is connected in parallel, the arrangement of an automatic interruption of the subscriber lines for the purpose of separating the latter from the call power source (JV ¹ W ² ). 6. An embodiment of the under 1. marked Telephone system using simple speech lines equipped with jacks at the exchange which only contain an electrical circuit spring (see Fig. 13). so that interruptions of the subscriber lines do not occur in the jacks and when connections are made between two subscriber lines the closing flap is in side-by-side connection with the call flaps of the connected subscriber lines. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings.