DE749899C - Remote control, in particular of switches - Google Patents
Remote control, in particular of switchesInfo
- Publication number
- DE749899C DE749899C DE1936749899D DE749899DD DE749899C DE 749899 C DE749899 C DE 749899C DE 1936749899 D DE1936749899 D DE 1936749899D DE 749899D D DE749899D D DE 749899DD DE 749899 C DE749899 C DE 749899C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- phase
- relays
- remote control
- switches
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
- H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
- H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
- H02J13/0001—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission using modification of a parameter of the network power signal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
- Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
- Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
- Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
- Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
- Y04S40/121—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
Description
Fernsteuerung, insbesondere von Schaltern Es ist eine Anordnung zur Fernsteuerung bekannt, bei der in einem Zweileiternetz ein einpoliger Schalter eingebaut ist, zu dem ein Ohmscher Widerstand parallel geschaltet ist. Bei vorübergehender Öffnung dieses Schalters kommt somit dieser Widerstand zur Wirkung und drosselt entsprechend seiner Größe sowie dem augenblicklich fließenden Leiterstrom die Größe der den Abnehmern zugeführten Spannung entsprechend ab, so daß an den Schaltstellen angeordnete spannungsempfindliche Relais zum Abfallen kommen und dabei bestimmte Schaltvorgänge durchführen können. Diese Art der Fernsteuerung arbeitet nicht sehr sicher, weil die Größe der erzielten Spannungssenkung wesentlich von der Größe des jeweils fließenden Verbraucherstroms abhängt und somit eine Möglichkeit gegeben ist, daß bei geringer Netzbelastung, z. B. während der Nachtstunden, keine ausreichenden Spannungsabsenkungen erzielt werden können, um die Fernschaltrelais zum Abfallen zu bringen.Remote control, especially of switches It is an arrangement for Known remote control in which a single-pole switch is installed in a two-wire network to which an ohmic resistor is connected in parallel. For temporary When this switch is opened, this resistance comes into effect and throttles according to its size and the current flowing conductor current the voltage supplied to the consumers, so that at the switching points arranged voltage-sensitive relay to drop out and thereby certain Can perform switching operations. This type of remote control doesn't work very well safe because the size of the voltage reduction achieved depends significantly on the size of the each flowing consumer current depends and thus given a possibility is that with low network load, z. B. during the night, not sufficient Voltage drops can be achieved to cause the remote control relay to drop out bring to.
Es ist ferner ein Verfahren zur Fernbetätigung vorgeschlagen, bei dem die Ausführung von unterschiedlichen, von einem oder mehreren Geberorten ausgesandten Kommandos in den einzelnen Empfangsstellen in Abhängigkeit von dem mehrmaligen kurzzeitigen Auftreten bestimmter Spannungsverminderungen undjoder bestimmter Änderungsgeschwindigkeiten der Spannungs- und Stromvektoren des Netzes erfolgt, die sämtlich in bestimmtem, zeitlichem Abstand und in bestimmter, zeitlicher Folge vorgenommen werden. Eins der Mittel zur Erzeugung der gewünschten Spannungsverminderungen bzw. Änderungsgeschwindigkeiten der Netzspannung besteht in der kurzzeitigen Unterbrechung der Netzleitungen. Auch kann die Impulsgabe durch Zu- oder Abschaltung von Drosselspulen oder Kondensatoren erfolgen.It is also proposed a method for remote control at which the execution of different, sent from one or more donor locations Commands in the individual receiving points depending on the repeated short-term Occurrence of certain voltage reductions and / or certain rates of change the voltage and current vectors of the network, all of which are in a certain, be carried out at intervals and in a specific, temporal sequence. one the means for generating the desired voltage reductions or rates of change the mains voltage consists in the brief interruption of the mains cables. Even the impulses can be generated by connecting or disconnecting inductors or capacitors take place.
Als Weiterbildung dieses Fernsteuerverfahrens ist eine Anordnung vorgeschlagen worden, bei der die zum Zwecke der Erzeugung von Spannungsabsenkungen durchgeführte Unterbrechung der Netzzuleitungen in nur einem Phasenleiter des Netzes vorgenommen wird. Die Unterbrechung eines Leiters des Drehstromsystems während einer Zeit von mehreren Halbwellen kann aber verschiedene Schwierigkeiten ergeben, vor allem dann, wenn mehrere Schalter an verschiedenen Speisestellen eines Netzes gleichzeitig betätigt werden müssen. So z. B. wird das Drehmoment von Asynchronmotoren vermindert, und es können Kipperscheinungen niit Umkehr der Phasenfolge (Drelrfeldunrkehr) eintreten. Auch ergeben sich Schwankungen der Beleuchtungsspannung, und es können die :Motoren von Synchronuhren. die keinen asynchronen Anlauf besitzen, stehen bleiben. Ferner kann die einphasige Unterbrechun-, in Netzen mit Erdschlußlöschung zu Störungen führen. Schließlich kann die einphasige Unterbrechung in Netzen, die Wechselrichter und Umrichter enthalten, nicht ohne besondere Maßnahmen durchgeführt werden, weil solche Appärate selbst bei kürzester Dauer der Unterbrechung sicher ausfallen: Die Erfindung betrifft die Fernsteuerung von Schaltern, Hehrfachtarifzählern, Luftschutzgeräten o.dgl. durch Eingriff in die Spannung des zur Kommandoübertragung dienenden Drellstroinnetzes. Es wird jedoch ein ganz anderer Weg eingeschlagen, und zwar derart, daß erfindungsgemäß durch gegebenenfalls mehrmalige kurzzeitige Zuschaltung von Einphasenlasten, insbesondere rein induktiver Natur, an das Hoch- oder Niedersparinungsnezz eine Urisynmetrie der den Abnehmern zugeleiteten Drehstromspannung von mehr als 5111, erzeugt wird. Bei dieser Art der Fernsteuerung wird die ein- oder mehrpolige Unterbrechung der Netzleitungen einschließlich der dadurch u. U. entstehenden schädlichen Auswirkungen überhaupt vermieden.An arrangement is proposed as a further development of this remote control method has been carried out for the purpose of generating voltage drops Interruption of the power supply lines made in only one phase conductor of the network will. The interruption of a conductor of the three-phase system for a period of several half-waves, however, can result in various difficulties, especially if several switches at different feed points of a network at the same time actuated Need to become. So z. B. the torque of asynchronous motors is reduced, and tipping phenomena with reversal of the phase sequence (Drelrfeld reversal) can occur. There are also fluctuations in the lighting voltage, and the: Motors of synchronous clocks. which do not have an asynchronous start-up stop. Further single-phase interruption can cause faults in networks with earth fault suppression to lead. Finally, the single-phase interruption in networks, the inverters and converters included, cannot be carried out without special measures, because Such apparatus will fail safely even if the interruption lasts for a very short time: The The invention relates to the remote control of switches, multiple tariff meters, air protection devices or the like. by intervening in the voltage of the drell flow network used to transfer commands. However, a completely different approach is taken, namely such that according to the invention by briefly switching on single-phase loads several times, in particular purely inductive nature, to the high or low saving nezz a urisynmetry the three-phase voltage supplied to the consumers of more than 5111 is generated. With this type of remote control, the single or multi-pole interruption of the Power lines including the harmful effects they may cause avoided at all.
Da auf der Niederspannungsseite mit geerdetem Null-Leiter gearbeitet wird, scheidet die Einführung einer Nullspannung zu Steuerzwecken aus, insbesondere auch dann, wenn die Impulse im Hochspannungsnetz ausgelöst werden sollen.Since working with an earthed neutral conductor on the low-voltage side the introduction of a zero voltage for control purposes is ruled out, in particular even if the impulses are to be triggered in the high-voltage network.
Belastet man zwei Leiter des Drehstromrretzes hoch- oder niederspannungsseitig mit einer einphasigen Last ausreichender Größe, die rein induktiv sein könnte (Drosselspule), so entstehen unter dein Einfluß der nunmehr unsymmetrischen Belastungsströme unsymmetrische Spannungsabfälle in den Scheinwiderständen, die zwischen der Drossel und der Spannungsquelle (Generator) liegen. Die unsymmetrischen Spannungsabfälle bedingen eine Verzerrung der den Abnehmern zugeführten Leiterspannungen. Die Größe der Verzerr ung ist durch das Verhältnis des Gegensystems der Spannungen zu dein Mitsystem der Spannungen gegeben.If you load two conductors of the three-phase network on the high or low voltage side with a single-phase load of sufficient size, which could be purely inductive (choke coil), so, under your influence of the now asymmetrical load currents, asymmetrical ones arise Voltage drops in the apparent resistances between the choke and the voltage source (Generator) lie. The asymmetrical voltage drops cause a distortion of the conductor voltages supplied to the consumers. The amount of distortion is through the ratio of the negative system of tensions to your co-system of tensions given.
Nach den VDE-Vorschriften ist eine Drehstromspannung so lange als symmetrisch zu betrachten, als das Gegensystem 5 % des Mitsystems der Spannungen nicht überschreitet.According to the VDE regulations, a three-phase voltage is as long as to be viewed symmetrically, as the negative system 5% of the positive sequence system of voltages does not exceed.
Die Größe der zuzuschaltenden Einphasenlast ist mithin so bemessen, daß das Gegensystem der Spannungen mehr als 5 0/0, etwa io bis 20% erreicht, um einen eindeutigen Unter schied gegenüber betriebsmäßigen Unsvrnnietrien zu gewährleisten.The size of the single-phase load to be switched on is therefore dimensioned so that the negative system of the voltages reaches more than 5 ° / o, about 10 to 20%, in order to ensure a clear difference compared to operational failures.
Erfindungsgemäß sind den zu steuernden Relais Drehfeldscheider vorgeschaltet, das sind Kunstschaltungen, die im vorliegenden Falle in ihrem Ausgangskreis eine dem Gegen-system derSpannung proportionaleSpannung aufweisen.According to the invention, rotating field separators are connected upstream of the relays to be controlled, these are artificial circuits which in the present case have a voltage in their output circuit that is proportional to the counter system of the voltage.
Bei normalem Betrieb ist die den Relais aufgedrückte Spannung des Gegensystems entsprechend einer Unsymnietrie voll 5'1" so gering, daß ein Ansprechen der Relais mit Sicherheit unterbleibt.During normal operation, the voltage applied to the relays is the Negative system corresponding to an asymmetry fully 5'1 "so small that a response the relay is definitely omitted.
Erst bei Zuschaltung der Einphasenlast steigt die Unsvrnmetrie auf solche Werte, daß die vom Gegensystem gespeisten Relais ansprechen und den ihnen übermittelten Impulsfolgen entsprechende Kommandos ausführen.The asymmetry only increases when the single-phase load is switched on such values that the relays fed by the negative system respond and theirs execute the corresponding commands.
@j'ährend bei Unterbrechung eines Leiters die Unsymmetrie der Spannungen gleich ioo% wird, d. h. -Mit- und Gegensystem der Spannung beim Abnehmer werden einander gleich, wenn von dem Einfluß von Motoren abgesehen wird, kommt man bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren mit einer Unsymrriccrie von io bis :2o0/, aus. Naturgemäß sind die störenden Rückwirkungen dieser vergleichsweise geringen Unsymmetrie gering. Man ist daher nicht mehr gezwungen, eine möglichst kurzzeitigeUnterbrechung des einen Leiters anzustreben. Man kann vielmehr die Unsymmetrie während einiger Sekunden bestehen lassen, wodurch sich für die Empfindlichkeit (Masse) des zu steuernden Relais geringere Anforderungen ergeben. Zur Schaltung der Drosseln, die kurzzeitig hoch überlastet werden können, können normale Schalter verwendet werden. Schalter und Drossel können meist ohne wesentliche bauliche Änderungen an die Nieder- oder Hochvoltsammelschiene einer Station angeschlossen werden.@ j 'during the interruption of a conductor, the asymmetry of the voltages equals ioo%, d. H. -With and negative system of tension at the customer equal to each other, if the influence of motors is disregarded, one arrives at the method according to the invention with an asymmetry of 10 to: 2o0 /, from. Naturally the disruptive repercussions of this comparatively low asymmetry are small. It is therefore no longer necessary to interrupt the to strive for a leader. Rather, one can see the asymmetry for a few seconds let exist, thereby affecting the sensitivity (mass) of the to be controlled Relays result in lower requirements. For switching the chokes, which are briefly can be heavily overloaded, normal switches can be used. counter and throttle can usually without significant structural changes to the low or Can be connected to the high-voltage busbar of a station.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE749899T | 1936-05-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE749899C true DE749899C (en) | 1944-12-09 |
Family
ID=6649488
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE1936749899D Expired DE749899C (en) | 1936-05-01 | 1936-05-01 | Remote control, in particular of switches |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE749899C (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013202969A1 (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Domestic appliance, in particular tumble dryer, with a brushless DC motor and method for operating a brushless DC motor in a household appliance |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH61274A (en) * | 1912-06-10 | 1913-09-16 | Ernst Korrodi | Electric remote switch without a special remote switch line |
US1138222A (en) * | 1913-09-29 | 1915-05-04 | Charles Johnston | Individual or group cut-outs for electrical devices. |
-
1936
- 1936-05-01 DE DE1936749899D patent/DE749899C/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH61274A (en) * | 1912-06-10 | 1913-09-16 | Ernst Korrodi | Electric remote switch without a special remote switch line |
US1138222A (en) * | 1913-09-29 | 1915-05-04 | Charles Johnston | Individual or group cut-outs for electrical devices. |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013202969A1 (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-28 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Domestic appliance, in particular tumble dryer, with a brushless DC motor and method for operating a brushless DC motor in a household appliance |
WO2014128001A3 (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2015-03-12 | BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH | Domestic appliance, in particular clothes dryer, having a brushless direct-current motor and method for operating a brushless direct-current motor in a domestic appliance |
RU2616849C2 (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2017-04-18 | Бсх Хаусгерете Гмбх | Household appliance, in particular, dryer with brushless dc motor and method of operating brushless dc motor in household appliance |
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