DE74439C

DE74439C - AC machine

Info

Publication number: DE74439C
Application number: DENDAT74439D
Authority: DE
Original assignee: BERLINER MASCHINENBAU - AKTIEN - GESELLSCHAFT VORMALS L. SCHWARTZKOPFF in Berlin N., Chausseestr. 17/18
Anticipated expiration: 1913-03-05

Description

KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL

PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.

PATENTSCHRIFTPATENT LETTERING

KLASSE 21: Elektrische Apparate.CLASS 21: Electrical apparatus.

Wechselstrommaschine.AC machine.

Patentirt im Deutschen Reiche vom 5. März 1893 ab.Patented in the German Empire on March 5, 1893.

Das Bestreben, Wechselstromerzeuger derart zu bauen, dafs sowohl die erregende wie die erregte Wickelung auf dem feststehenden Theil der Maschine angeordnet sein und aus einfachen ringförmigen Spulen bestehen kann, hat zu denjenigen Anordnungen geführt, bei denen die inducirende Wirkung lediglich durch abwechselndes Schliefsen und Oeffnen der Feldmagnete hervorgebracht wird. Bei den bisher bekannt gewordenen Maschinen dieser Art zeigte sich indessen der Uebelstand, dafs die in dem Erregerstromkreis erzeugten schädlichen Wirkungen ebenso grofs ausfielen, wie die im Wechselstromkreis angestrebten (nützlichen). The endeavor to build alternating current generators in such a way that both the exciting and the excited winding can be arranged on the stationary part of the machine and made of simple ring-shaped coils can exist, has led to those arrangements in which the inductive effect only through alternating closing and opening of the field magnets is brought about. Both Machines of this type which have hitherto become known, however, showed the disadvantage that this the harmful effects generated in the excitation circuit were just as great as those aimed for (useful) in the AC circuit.

Dieser Uebelstand hat dazu geführt, dafs frühere Erfinder zwischen den eigentlichen Feldmagneten noch besondere SchlufsstUcke aus Eisen anordneten, welche zwar die Erregerwickelung, nicht aber die Ankerwickelung umfafsten. Diese SchlufsstUcke werden durch die Bewegung des sich drehenden Theiles der Maschine ebenso abwechselnd geschlossen und geöffnet wie die eigentlichen Feldmagnete, •und da sie mit demselben Erregerstrom und mit der gleichen Anzahl Windungen erregt werden wie diese, so erzeugen die Schliefsungen und Oeffnungen ebenso grofse sinusartige elektromotorische Kräfte in den erregenden Windungen wie die Schliefsungen und Oeffnungen der eigentlichen Feldmagnete. Aber diese elektromotorischen Kräfte sind der Lage jener SchlufsstUcke entsprechend um eine halbe Periode gegenüber den in den Feldmagneten erzeugten Kräften der Zeit nach verschoben und die Wirkung jener Kräfte wird daher in der Erregerwickelung aufgehoben und kommt nur in der Ankerwickelung zur Geltung.This disadvantage has led to the fact that earlier inventors between the real Field magnets arranged special iron connectors, which, although the excitation winding, but not encompass the armature winding. These conclusions are carried out the movement of the rotating part of the machine is also alternately closed and open like the actual field magnets, • and because they have the same excitation current and are excited with the same number of turns as this, so generate the closures and openings also have great sinusoidal electromotive forces in the exciting ones Windings like the closings and openings of the actual field magnets. but these electromotive forces are corresponding to the position of those conclusions by half Period with respect to the forces generated in the field magnets shifted over time and the effect of those forces is therefore canceled out in the excitation development and comes only valid in the armature winding.

Zweck der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, die Anwendung dieser SchlufsstUcke überflüssig zu machen. Dies wird dadurch erreicht, dafs die Feldmagnete nicht wie bisher in einer Ebene angeordnet und von einer einzigen Spule erregt werden, sondern in zwei Ebenen und dementsprechend von zwei Spulen erregt werden. Man braucht nun blos dafür zu sorgen, dafs die Schliefsungs- und Oeffhungsphasen beider Systeme von Feldmagneten um eine halbe Periode gegen einander verschoben sind, so werden die in der Erregerwickelung des einen Systems erzeugten sinusartigen elektromotorischen Kräfte die in der Erregerwickelung des anderen erzeugten gleichen Kräfte aufheben, so dafs keine schädlichen Schwankungen des Erregerstromes entstehen. Jedes System von Feldmagneten wird mit einer eigenen Ankerwickelung versehen, und in diesen Ankerwickelungen werden daher ebenfalls um eine halbe Periode gegen einander verschobene elektromotorische Kräfte erzeugt, aber da die beiden Ankerwickelungen getrennt sind, können sie derart hinter oder neben einander geschaltet werden, dafs die beiden Kräfte sich in ihnen nicht aufheben, sondern addiren. Auf diese Weise wird es möglich, das gesammte in der Maschine enthaltene Eisen nutzbar zu machen.The purpose of the present invention is to make the use of these conclusions superfluous close. This is achieved by the fact that the field magnets are not in one as before Arranged level and excited by a single coil, but in two levels and are accordingly excited by two coils. One only needs to do that now ensure that the closing and opening phases of both systems of field magnets are reversed are shifted against each other by half a period, so are those in the excitation winding of one system generated sinusoidal electromotive forces the same forces generated in the excitation winding of the other cancel so that no harmful fluctuations in the excitation current arise. Each System of field magnets is provided with its own armature winding, and in this Armature windings are therefore also shifted against one another by half a period electromotive forces generated, but since the two armature windings are separate, can they are connected one behind the other or next to one another in such a way that the two forces merge into one another not cancel them, but add them. In this way it becomes possible to use the entire in to make the iron contained in the machine usable.

Claims

The accompanying drawings show the arrangement of an alternating current machine resulting from what has been said in a purely schematic manner, namely FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal section through the machine, while FIG. 1 shows two cross sections along the lines ab and cd of FIG. 2, ff, FIG 1, are horseshoe-shaped iron cores which ride on the annular windings Sp Sp. The rotating part of the machine consists of a ring k made of non-magnetic material, on the circumference of which a number of iron pieces corresponding to the number of field magnets f are attached, which, when the ring k rotates about its axis, alternately close and open the field magnets f.

The coils Sp contain next to each other both the excitation windings We and the armature windings Wa. The two excitation windings are connected one behind the other so that the sinusoidal electromagnetic forces generated in them cancel each other out, because the η field magnets of the cross section cd against the μ field magnets of the cross section away

are offset by - the circumference, thus

generate electromotive forces that are shifted by a half period against the system from generated. The two armature windings are, for example, connected next to one another and in such a way that the electromotive forces developed in them must add up at every moment.

Without touching the essence of this invention, the system developed can be generalized by arranging η - systems of field magnets in «- Arranges levels and the appropriate

Phases their closings around each period

shifts against each other. Then there is also no reaction to the pathogen, because according to the well-known laws of multiphase currents, the sum of η increases by -

their period shifted sine is equal to zero. The η obtained in the armature windings are shifted against each other by their period

Then of course one will not switch one after the other, but they will be separated use.

Instead of, as indicated in FIG. 2, one excitation winding and one induction winding These cores can be encompassed on three sides by individual, mutually offset, horseshoe-shaped iron cores can also grab one another in the manner as shown in Fig. 2a of the enclosed Drawing is shown, and can the excitation winding in the middle, the induction winding on the other hand, in the outer ones formed by the legs of the υ-shaped iron cores Relocate rooms. Conversely, as shown in Fig. 2c, the LJ-shaped iron cores next to each other in lines running parallel to the machine axis arrange and let the connecting pieces attached to the anchor, offset from one another, grip over one another so that the Lines of force take the paths indicated by arrows.

The content of the invention is independent of whether the shifting of the closings and openings of the field magnets by moving sockets opposite fixed ones Magnets or by moving magnets against fixed Schlufsstücke is achieved. Both wraps can be accommodated either in the moving or in the fixed part, or one in the moving, the other in the stationary, depending on one or the other Arrangement adapts better to the respective needs.

It is also irrelevant whether the closing and opening phases are postponed by offsetting those attached to the moving part or those attached to the stationary part Iron parts is brought about.

Pa τ ε ν τ - A ns ρ R υ c η:

On alternating current machines, in which the inducing effect is merely through alternating Closing and opening of the field magnets is brought about, the arrangement of two or more systems of field magnets in such a way that the closing and opening phases in the individual systems according to the well-known rules of multiphase electricity theory are shifted against each other in time in such a way that the retroactive effect on the excitation circuit disappears.

1 sheet of drawings.