DE7334662U - CHAIR OR ARMCHAIR - Google Patents

Description

OR-INa. oiPL ... Na.M. _e c. oipV ^ Wjh ij * ..! .v ·

..> HÖGER- STELLRECHT- GRIE®S1SACH - "HAECKER

PATENT LAWYERS IN STUTTGART

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September 2, 1973

1. Mr. Gerard Burgin

6, Rue de la Thur , Klngersheim / France

2. Mr. Adolf Klingler, 7o8 Aalen, Schleier-

roacher Str. 43

Chair. Or armchair

The invention relates to a chair or armchair with a Seat and a backrest upholstery, at least one of which consists of several, individually fillable upholstery elements is composed, each of which has a line that can be closed by a valve and which has these lines are connected to each other.

/ A seat and backrest upholstery is already known,

which corresponds to that of the chair described above

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s The same thing stands out against others, already numerous

] state-of-the-art constructions by

that its through. Upholstery elements formed by cavities Backrest cushion in the air-filled state define a cushion surface which, on the one hand, viewed in the longitudinal direction, together result in a contour that is approximately adapted to the anatomical conditions of the human back and on the other hand, on the rear part of the seat cushion to straighten the spine, a sloping upward and backward slope Form support for the pelvis. The remaining part, in particular the actual seat surface of the seat cushion, is free of upholstery elements, The transverse dimension of the upholstery elements the backrest cushion and the pelvic support essentially correspond to the width of the backrest or seat. Because of its vsrrssg zvar in the normal sitting position because of the elastic Flexibility of the upholstery,> r> elements of the backrest profile to adapt to the course of the spine to a certain extent individually and thus to prevent it, that in the sitting position, the pelvis can tilt backwards and, as a result, the spinal column is forced to curve inevitably results in a poor sitting posture, but this is body-friendly support for the back and the rear of the buttocks no longer satisfactorily effective if after maintaining the normal sitting or posture as a result of yourself after a certain period of time, which inevitably sets in muscle fatigue, changed the sitting posture and the body adjusted must be tilted on one side and rotated if necessary. In this case, the upholstery elements and the pelvic support fit together the changed body position only insufficiently, so that the corresponding body parts only

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along a relatively small area, however, there is one no longer find body-friendly support, which is particularly detrimental to the extent that the seat cushion, apart from the pelvic support mentioned, it has no further upholstery elements, so that in the normal sitting posture In the area of the thighs and the ischial tuberosities of the buttocks, on the one hand, loads occur to such an extent that that this results in a congestion of blood, especially in the legs, and on the other hand, even if the posture is slightly changed only the one ischial tuberosity is supported, so that the pelvis becomes unstable and the back extensor muscles must be fully tensioned again to fix the pelvis or for static holding work (see AS 1 296 761).

The invention is therefore based on the task of providing seating furniture to create with a seat and a backrest upholstery of the type described in the introduction, in which the occupied for each Posture for a largely fatigue-free sitting is indispensable requirement, an effective support in each case both ischial tuberosities and at least one pressure relief device the underside of the thigh is guaranteed. According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the seat cushion upholstery elements are particularly irregular Form a grid.

In the case of a seat cushion that is distinguished by these features, as a result of a change in body posture Occurring change in position of the buttocks and the resulting shift in weight certain padding elements more

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burdened than others, then due to the mutual connection of the interiors of certain upholstery elements from the upholstery elements that are subject to a higher load can get displaced air volumes into the upholstery elements communicating with them and expand them accordingly, so that they grow, cling to the relocated buttocks and thus provide effective support. on In this way, the stabilization of the buttocks required for the desired fixation of the newly assumed posture or for the necessary muscle relief comes about, if the connection of the interiors of at least a part of the individual upholstery elements is interrupted by valve action, and so on the support surfaces formed by the latter are fixed to one another in a certain position in space. The invention thus enables an optimal adaptation of the seat cushion to the Buttocks shape that can be stabilized in the manner described and adapted to a changed sitting posture at any time, without the need for external aids «Air, another gas or a suitable fluid medium can be used as the cushioning medium.

Seating or reclining furniture that can be adapted to the shape and posture of the body is known per se. Mention should be made of an air or a sack filled with plastic balls or a so-called water bed. These constructions cannot fix the Shape after adjustment to the body position. However, this option is offered by a well-known one that is filled with plastic balls Sack that can be partially filled with air to make the balls slide against each other. After adjusting the Sack to the respective position and shape of the body resting on it, the balls can be blocked relative to each other,

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by evacuating the bag. This construction requires accordingly, great effort with regard to its construction and handling, with a vacuum source in particular being required. It is therefore e.g. in the form of an office or Car seats not to be realized.

As far as the invention is concerned, it goes without saying not limited to chairs or armchairs with a backrest upholstery, they also include seating furniture, which is either just a seat cushion or one in conjunction with a backrest that is not specially padded. The invention can also be used with loungers or make beds advantageous. However, according to the invention, preference will be given to constructing car seats and office chairs.

Finally, the invention offers a further essential aspect Advantage insofar as those who use a seating and / or reclining furniture according to the invention have a offers excellent opportunity for muscle actuation, especially with the appropriate valve setting by means of suitable Body movements or walking of the individual upholstery elements are displaced from this air and so the body muscles for a improved blood circulation can be stimulated.

In an advantageous development of the invention, it is favorable if the transverse dimensions of at least the cushion elements arranged in the rear region of the seat cushion are smaller than the spacing of the ischial tuberosities of the buttocks is so that the ischial tuberosity is in every possible sitting position on different upholstered elements

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rest _f the through, suitable connection of their interior spaces with corresponding other cushion elements on the seat cushion create optimal seating conditions. A seat cushion designed in this way can be significantly improved in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention in that selected cushion elements are connected to one another by valveless or valved direct connection lines, so that when one or more of these selected cushion elements is loaded, the pressure in the other, with them connected upholstery elements for fixing a selected seating position is increased, while in turn other upholstery elements, not connected to further upholstery elements, remain unchanged in their hardness in each upholstery setting. A darch these features distinguishing construction offers, for example, the possibility to use certain upholstery linen te as a support in the manner of the well-known seat wedge for the pool by using the upholstery elements on which the buttocks mainly rests, for. B. the displaced air can flow into the upholstery elements lying behind the same for the purpose of a corresponding elevation of the same. With a correspondingly mutually selected connection of upholstery elements, it can be ensured in this way that such a pelvic support is automatically built up in every sitting position. Likewise, the connection of corresponding upholstery elements can also be made in such a way that when the seat cushion is put under load, lateral edge bulges may also be formed in addition to the pelvic support mentioned, so that the seat surface assumes the shape of a shell. Such a mutual connection of upholstery elements is therefore particularly recommended in car seats, the invention

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can of course also be implemented on the backrest cushions of chairs and armchairs and on such seating furniture only then can the desired seating conditions be optimized creates. Obviously, the up to now in connection with a * »seat cushion proposed measures to improve seating comfort in an equally advantageous manner with a backrest upholstery be taken, in particular the mutual connection of certain cushion elements to be made can that in the upright sitting position in the area of the second and fifth lumbar vertebrae a particularly strong Inflating at least one upholstery element formed kink in the backrest results in the formation of a hollow cross or forces an upright posture *

In certain cases, especially in the case of motor vehicle armchairs, it may also be appropriate to adapt the support surfaces formed by the padding elements to a changed posture manual valve actuation instead of body pressure in connection with corresponding pressure relief valves to accomplish. With this in mind, an advantageous construction is available when all the upholstery elements are over a central, manually operable valve can be connected to one another, with such a valve being both seated and seated can also be assigned to the backrest upholstery or provided jointly for both upholstery. If in this case in the direct connection lines Pressure relief valves are built in, there is the possibility that a person without manually one

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press valve to nuts, shower alone, energetic Esws ^ sr · an adaptation of the support surfaces formed by the upholstery elements to a new body posture can be achieved Design valves assigned to cushion elements in such a way that they can be controlled as a function of acceleration in order to achieve that they lock when a specified acceleration value is exceeded, in order to ensure, especially with car seats, that due to the moment of inertia that becomes effective during acceleration or even when braking heavily, the The filling of the individual upholstery elements cannot change significantly. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, an overpressure valve can be assigned to at least the upholstery elements of the backrest upholstery, so that at Suddenly excessive pressure on the body, such as that caused by a rear-end collision, the backrest upholstery can give way accordingly and can thus dampen the impact effect transmitted to the body.

A further embodiment of the invention can also consist in providing a control device which responds to excessive pressures and which, at certain pressure values, provides the upholstery elements with additional medium for generating a Counterforce supplies so that the sitting posture remains largely unchanged, even in extreme conditions, at least for the moment of the event.

An optimization of the seating conditions in seating furniture for work purposes, in particular office chairs, has so far, apart from Upholstery, due to the possibility of twisting, height adjustment

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βtstellung and tilting to achieve a horizontal transverse axis of the seat. Here you have placed the transverse axis in the middle part of the seat. It was therefore unavoidable that when the seat was tilted backwards, the front edge of the seat was inevitably raised, which in turn placed the thighs in their front, lower area against the front part of the seat and thereby adversely affected the blood circulation. These difficulties, which greatly impair sitting, can be avoided in a simple manner; if, according to a further proposal of the invention, _t the transverse axis lies in the front area of the seat cushion; so that when the seat is tilted, the height of the front edge of the seat remains unchanged,

Xn the drawing shows an embodiment of a desk chair designed according to the invention and possible variants in the structural design of its upholstery. Show it:

Fig.l is a diagrammatic view of the armchair from above,

Fig. 2 the division of the upholstery elements of the seat and backrest upholstery of the armchair in a schematic representation in the form of a grid,

and FIG. 4 each a schematic longitudinal section through the seat * and backrest upholstery the line 3-3 of Fig.l, to illustrate different seating positions,

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Pig. 5 a grid to show another possible embodiment of the seat cushion,

and 7 highly schematic longitudinal sections through the seat and backrest upholstery along the line 3-3 of Fig.l to illustrate a possible connection of upholstery elements of the seat cushion with those of the backrest cushion _f

8 shows the structure of the seat and backrest upholstery illustrative grid in connection with a valve device for fixing the upholstery as a construction variant of the upholstery construction of Fig. 2,

Fig. 9

and Io partially broken open. «?« ■ *; cen views of a improved armchair according to Fig.l, the seat of which is adjustable in different inclines.

The seat plate mounted on a height-adjustable rotating column 3o 32 of the desk chair shown carries a known Heise in a desired inclined position fixable Backrest 34. Both the seat plate and the backrest are provided with a cushion designated as a whole by 36 and 38, respectively equipped, which are characterized in that their respective surfaces formed by a plurality of support surfaces adapt to every shape and posture of the body of a person sitting on the armchair and that the resulting Surface shape of the upholstery to relieve the back muscles and to support the pelvis as well as to stabilize the

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Buttocks can be fixed in their respective course. For this purpose, the mentioned support surfaces of both cushions are respectively

formed by a large number of individually fillable and preferably sulfites rf Ipmi ncfsqemäß y blsRhg / rer PolgfcerelenieRte 1 to 8 or χ to 20) the Ysc are designed that they expand primarily in the direction of the load side when the pressure increases. The upholstery elements, seen in the transverse direction of the upholstery, lie next to one another in rows and in the present case each form an irregular grid. These are shown schematically in Figure 2, showing that the support surfaces or upholstery elements 1 to 20 of the seat cushion 36 have the same transverse dimensions, while the two transverse rows of upholstery elements 1 to 4 and 5 to 8 adjacent to the backrest have their longitudinal dimensions are made much smaller than the remaining three adjoining rows and are preferably only half as large as the support surfaces of the last-mentioned rows of upholstery elements.

Likewise, the grid of the backrest cushion 38 is irregular in that, viewed in the longitudinal direction of this cushion, the two outer rows of support surfaces 1, 4 and 6 or 3, 5 and 8 are the same in size, while the lower one is adjacent to the seat cushion 36 The upholstery element 7, seen in the longitudinal direction, has the same dimensions as the upholstery elements of the mentioned lateral rows, but has, for example, twice as large a transverse dimension as the adjacent upholstery elements. This is closing and the cushion member 7 upwardly cs ~ lying between said outer rows PoIsterelement 2 fills the remaining region of the cushion 38 from, wherein the one or two padding elements 2 and 7 can optionally be subdivided by a stitching 43, preferably the cushions or their cushion elements, which is not shown in more detail, are equipped with a cover that covers them.

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In order to fix the two cushions or the support surfaces formed by their cushion elements in their shape adapted to the position of the seated person in the above-mentioned manner and in this way to stabilize the assumed posture of the seated person, as shown for example in FIGS 5 it can be seen, to the same grid row or to different grid rows, adjacent or at a distance from each other upholstery elements communicate with each other continuously or temporarily in such a way that the contact pressure of the body to be stabilized from the upholstery elements subject to a higher load, air or another suitable Gas is displaced into the other upholstery elements connected to these and, after entering the corresponding escape space, is prevented from flowing back from case to case. Through a meaningful, mutual connection of certain upholstery elements, an effective support of the pelvis and the lumbar vertebrae and thus a body-appropriate support of the buttocks and back can also be achieved. In the schematically illustrated in Figure 2 the exemplary embodiment, the cushioning members 1 to 4 of the rearmost transverse row are for this purpose, the seat cushion 36 connected to each other by means of lines 40 and 42, wherein JeWeJ ¹ S, a one-way valve is connected between two connection points. It is of course also possible to use valves which act as a function of pressure in both directions for stabilization, so that only one connecting line is required in each case. In the embodiment shown, the three valves one behind the other allow air to pass through the valve in the same direction as indicated by arrows from one to

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allow another upholstery element the interconnected cushion elements 1 and 2 formed support surfaces are more heavily loaded than the remaining support surfaces of the upholstery elements 3 and 4, the upholstery elements become 1 and 2, air is displaced into the other two upholstery elements and held back there so that they inflate and expand in this way increase in height in order to turn to that in question To support the same part of the leg under pressure.

In the present embodiment, for example, those belonging to the same transverse row are in the same way external upholstery elements connected to one another, while the upholstery elements enclosed by them with the adjacent upholstery elements of an adjacent transverse row or the same transverse row are connected. The upholstery elements of the backrest upholstery are similar 38 connected to one another, whereby it is unnecessary, due to the selected representation, to detail the connecting paths to cite.

With a connection of upholstery elements made in this way Both cushions 36, 38 result in the normal sitting position that is in the rear area of the seat cushion 36 is a known pelvic support and that also due to the buttocks resting on the middle Upholstery element 7 of the backrest cushion 38 from this volume of air displaced into the upholstery element 2 the back- backrest cushions in the area of the second and fifth lumbar vertebrae are reinforced on the back to support the spine, will lay. If the person in question now changes their seating position by, for example, loading the seat cushion further forward,

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so due to the mutual connection of the cushion elements 6 and 10 and 7 and 11 with appropriate relief of the upholstery elements 6 and 7 that in the upholstery elements 10 and 11 existing air volumes partly escape into the upholstery elements 6 and 7 due to the increased contact pressure, so that, as FIG. 4 shows, also the upholstery elements 6 and 7 of the pad 36 to form a pelvic support 48 are included.

Of course, in the manner described, a mutual connection of upholstery elements of the two cushions 36 and 38 are made with each other, as this is greatly simplified and is shown schematically in Figs. These representations make it clear that a suitable Connection of the corresponding upholstery elements when changing the seat position from more heavily loaded upholstery elements displaced air, for example, can also be used to move through the. changed sitting position between the body of the Effective compensation of the distance between the seated person and the backrest upholstery. In this case, a combination can also be used of a gas with a liquid as the cushioning medium, namely in the sense that the cushioning elements of the Backrest upholstery 38 and, if necessary, at least those of the seat upholstery 36, which are provided with upholstery elements of the backrest upholstery are in connection, e.g. are filled with fluid, which after the back cushion is relieved due to the The force of gravity will always flow back down into the upholstery elements of the seat cushion to the appropriate extent, from which it has been ousted.

Due to the padding that adapts to a changed body position due to the arrangement according to the invention, in particular

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an effective support of both ischial tuberosities 50 of the buttocks is guaranteed, which is fatigue-free Sitting is crucial. For this reason, the transverse dimensions are preferably at least those in the rear area the seat cushion arranged upholstery elements 1 to 12 smaller than the ischial tuberosity of the buttocks, so that there is always only one upholstery element in each sitting position below the ischial tuberosity, which upholstery elements are due to their separate cavities ensure effective support in every posture. It can be in Certain areas of the upholstery can also have a different division of the upholstery elements than that shown in Fig. 2, and in particular in such a way that the middle cushion elements 2 and 3 and optionally 6 and 7 of the seat cushion each form only one cushion element.

Car armchairs, the seat and backrest upholstery of which are designed according to the principle according to the invention, can be design by a suitable connection of upholstery elements in a simple manner so that both their seat cushions as also, if necessary, their backrest cushions take on a shell shape under load and also all of them for one body-appropriate sitting necessary supports are available or are formed. In the to connect the individual upholstery elements Serving hose lines will advantageously use such valves that when exceeding a interrupt the mutual connection of upholstery elements under certain pressure in order to avoid excessive height a specified acceleration value, e.g. when cornering or with strong acceleration or deceleration, cannot bring about any undesirable changes in the upholstered surfaces fixed to a certain posture. Another substantial improvement can also consist in this.

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to provide means einar control device that at a ί particular compressive stress in the suitable exposed f Poistereiemente by a üruckqueiie additionally air or ι another medium is pushed, so that suddenly a load opposing force can be effective, the largely the sitting posture received unchanged. It should also be mentioned that the connection of the individual upholstery elements to each other can be designed variably, so that, for example, different elements directly and others with the interposition of corresponding valves and / or a control device mentioned above and connected to a pressure source and / or with a connection manually and arbitrarily to interrupt permitting tap are mutually connected. The most varied combinations of valves, control device and cock in the connecting lines are conceivable, namely:

a) a direct connection of upholstery elements without the interposition of any valves,

b) a direct connection with a tap,

c) a direct connection to a valve,

d) a direct connection with a valve and a tap,

e) all options listed under a to d in connection with a control device connected to a compressed air source.

In a further improvement of such a car seat, at least some of the upholstery elements of at least the backrest upholstery can also be equipped with an overpressure valve 37,

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the sudden, disproportionately strong increase in the driver's back caused in particular by a rear-end collision caused surface pressure of the backrest poister from the upholstery elements an air leak and thus an effective one Allow cushioning of the impact.

In the further exemplary embodiment shown in FIG Grid for a seat cushion are the mutual connection paths of the individual interconnected cushion elements, which correspond in their design to those of Figure 2, shown in simplified form by a line, and the pairs The same circled lowercase letters represent different sitting positions with the position of the ischial tuberosities of the Gejässes. The seating positions indicated by these lower case letters are briefly described below.

■ Sit ^ poBl-feion a)

The ischial tuberosities are located above the upholstery elements 6 and 7, whereby the spine is supported by the upholstery elements 1 to 4 belonging to the rearmost transverse row.

Sitting position b)

The ischial tuberosities are located above the upholstery elements 5 and 6, the pelvis or the spine also being supported by the upholstery elements 1 to 4. In addition, the direct mutual connection of the upholstery elements 5 and 8 causes the latter to grow or overheight, so that the relieved part of the seat cushion is placed against the buttocks and the same, due to the fact that the air cannot retreat without applying increased pressure, effectively stabilized.

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Sitting position c)

The ischial tuberosities are located above the upholstery elements 7 and 8, in the same way a support of the Pelvis and spine through the Pöister elements 1 to takes place and, moreover, the cushion element 5 for stabilization of the buttocks is filled with air.

Sitting position d) The ischial tuberosities d) are located above the upholstery elements

10 and 11, which with the cushion elements 6 and 7 individually in are directly connected, causing an inflation of the latter to support the pelvis and spine, i.e. the Formation of a support wedge causes.

Sitting position β)

The ischial tuberosities e) are located above the upholstery elements 9 and Io, so that the pelvis and spine are supported by the cushion element 6. It also causes the direct Connection of the two upholstery elements 9 and 12 allows the latter to inflate and nestle against the buttocks.

Sitting position f) The ischial tuberosities £) are located above the upholstery elements

11 and 12, so that a pelvic and spine support by the cushion element 7, which is directly connected to the cushion element 11, is effected.

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Sitting position g)

In this case the ischial tuberosities are above the Upholstery elements 14, 15 which are individually connected directly to the upholstery elements 10 and 11. As a result, the Upholstery elements 10 and 11 and optionally into the upholstery elements 6 and 7, additional air is pressed so that these become too high and thus also provide an effective bed support forms. The pelvic support increases in this case, analogously to the representations of FIGS. 3 and 4, specifically it expands forward.

Sitting position h)

In this case, the ischial tuberosities are located on the upholstery elements 13 and 14, with the spine on the one hand supported by the poister element Io and by the other a direct connection of the cushion element 13 with the cushion element 16 the same is increasingly filled with air and thereby rests under pressure on the displaced buttocks, with the upholstery element 15 also being lifted.

Sitting position i)

In this position of the ischial tuberosity, the two upholstery elements are 15 and 16 loaded, with the upholstery element 11 now being used as a pelvic * due to its connection with the upholstery element 15 s.tüt ^ e acts and the padding element 16 opposite Padding element 13 is applied to the buttocks under pressure. If the seated person is from one of the described Seat position, the air in the upholstery elements, due to the one-way valves 44, 46 provided in the individual connecting lines 4o, 42, i.e. they retain your caused by the current exposure

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and gas filling in, and the pad can not by itself niyellieren _r when it is load-free, but it retains the purposes of the invention bet his body adapted to the surface shape. As a result, the user of such an armchair has the option of exercising muscles if, after sitting for a long time in the same posture, symptoms of fatigue inevitably set in, as he can walk the individual upholstery elements by moving his back and buttocks, i.e. by shifting weight, and through the individual Valve devices caused flow resistance from upholstery element to upholstery element, which promotes blood circulation.

FIG. 8 shows a further possibility of how the upholstery elements of the body shape are in an instantaneous sitting posture adjust and fix in this. For this purpose, the individual cushion elements are preferably both cushions 36, 38 are each connected via a connecting line 52 to a common, e.g. manually operable valve device 54, which makes it possible, by appropriate setting ^{1 of} its valve member 56 either to connect all the cushion elements from the cushion 36 or 38 to one another or to interrupt their mutual connection. To stabilize the body in a newly assumed sitting posture, the valve member 56 is accordingly to be rotated so that, for example, a connecting channel 58 or 59 extending along a surface line of the same for each upholstery reaches the side of the line connections 60 or 61 of the valve device and through the resulting upholstery mutual connection of the upholstery elements air from the more heavily loaded upholstery elements

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Renten displaced into less heavily stressed upholstery elements and thereby an adaptation of the padding to the body shape can be achieved. Obviously, this is where you will Design the valve device in such a way that a certain flow resistance is given by the same when the cushion elements of the various cushions 36, 38 are jointly connected is in order to avoid instantaneous emptying of the more heavily loaded elements and within the meaning of the invention also in Areas of the ischial tuberosity to ensure a good poister effect. If the cushions have adapted to the new body position, they can be fixed in place by closing the valve device 54. Of course, instead of a common valve device for the seat and backrest upholstery, such a valve device can also be used for each of them be provided.

Finally, FIGS. 9 and 10 show an improved construction of a desk chair or a work chair, Since its SItaplatte 32 can still be inclined about a horizontal transverse pivot axis 62. According to the invention, the latter is located in the front area or at the front edge of the Seat plate 32 and is on a seat support which is fixedly arranged on the rotating column 3o and which rises obliquely in the direction of the front edge of the seat at an angle of preferably 27 to 30 ° 64 held. A piston rod 66 of a cylinder 68 built into the backrest is also supported in an articulated manner on this with the help of which, as can be seen from the two figures, a desired incline of the seat and backrest upholstery can be fixed. This construction offers the The advantage that once the seat height has been set is in the range of the

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The hollow of the knees does not mean that a subsequent adjustment of the seat to a corresponding incline does not mean a new height adjustment the upholstery leading edge, which increases the pressure load on the work chairs, in particular Lower parts of the thighs are effectively avoided when the seat tilts backwards at an angle.

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7334662 07/06/78

Claims (1)

A 4o 231 b. - 2.3 - Y ~ 3.37 September 21, 1973 Expectations : 1". Chair or armchair with a seat and a back cushion, of which at least one of several indi- '<is composed of individually fillable upholstery elements, each of which has a line which can be closed by a valve and which are connected to one another via these lines are, characterized in that the upholstery elements that make up the seat cushion (36) (1 to 2o or 1 to 24) form an especially irregular grid. 2. Chair or armchair according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse dimensions at least in the rear area of the seat cushion (36) arranged upholstery elements (1 to 4) is smaller than the distance between the ischial tuberosities of the buttocks. 3, chair or armchair according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that also the upholstery elements (1 to 8) of the backrest upholstery (38) are particularly irregular . Form a grid. 4, chair or armchair according to one or more of the preceding Claims, characterized in that selected upholstery elements with each other by valveless or with valves (44,46) provided. Direct connection lines (4o, 42) - 24 .- A 40 231 b ' b - 135 - 21 - March 31, 1978 are interconnected, so that when one or more of these selected upholstery elements are loaded the pressure in the other upholstery elements connected to them to fix a selected seating position is increased. 5. Chair or armchair according to claim 4, dadurci: characterized, that in the direct connection lines (40,42) Pressure relief valves (44,46) built in si.nd. 6. Chair or armchair according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that at least the selected in Cross rows of the upholstery elements on the outside of the grid (e.g. 5, 8; 9, 12; 13, 16) through direct connection lines. are connected to each other. 7. Chair or armchair according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that selected, each other in one Upholstery elements adjacent to the grid (e.g. 10, 11; 14, 15) across the grid using direct connection lines (40, 42) are connected to the upholstery elements (6, 7 and 10, 11) lying behind in the next transverse row are. 8. Chair according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized by a combination the various possible types of valves in at least some of the direct connection lines. - 25 - 7334862 07/06/78 A 40 231 b ί: ί. b - 135 '"- 25'- March 31, 1978 9 · Chair or armchair according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the upholstery elements of the backrest upholstery a pressure relief valve (37) is assigned. 10. Chair or armchair according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the upholstery elements in the are essentially expandable in the direction of their loading. 11. Chair or armchair with a seat cushion that can be tilted about a horizontal transverse axis and a backrest cushion, in particular according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transverse axis (52) lies in the front area of the seat cushion (36). 7334662 07/06/78