DE731153C - Multiplication machine - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a Multiplication machine and consists in the machine-based exploitation of the elementary arithmetic proposition that the value of a product remains unchanged if of its two factors the one multiplied by an arbitrary number and at the same time the other is divided by the same number. With repeated application of this rule

to occur changes in the factor values which form geometric series of which one shows a rising and the other a falling progression. For fitting Chosen power values can be the terms of the series with machine-like simple Form means and, in connection with this, calculate product values automatically.

This is especially true for the power value 2 of the geometric series in question, if the special feature is introduced for the series with decreasing progression, that only integer series members are formed and the resulting error is balanced by corrective elements.

When the product 1580 χ 15 calculate is, then this product can be calculated according to the above arithmetic rule, taking into account only whole-number series members can be represented numerically as follows:

1580 χ 15 = (3160 χ 7) + 1580 = (6320 X 3) + 3160+ 1580 = (12640 χι) +6320

+ 3i6o + 1580 = 23700.

Whenever there is an odd number in the descending multiplier series, that is to introduce the number appearing in the multiplicand series as a correction term.

If there are no odd numbers at all in the multiplier series, then fall these corrective elements continue, and the product

size appears as the last member of the multiplicand series z. B. as follows:

1580 χ 16 = 3160 XS = 6320 X 4 = 12640 χ 2 = 25280 χ i.

Multiplication machine, which indicated the Produkterrechnung due to a number of education, such as \ ^r orstehend allows a Multiplikatoraddierwerk has a

• o Multiplicand adding unit and a result unit also have facilities to set values in the former two To halve or double adders, as well as devices to under control

• 5 the setting values of the To transfer the multiplicand adder with increasing progression to the third adder, if there is an odd number in the multiplier adder.

In such a machine with a "• i-adder for receiving the ^ lultiplikators, a M C-adder for receiving the multiplicand and a = i-adder for receiving the product part size, the operations for the Multipiikationsaufga.be 3765 X 125 would be as follows play:

If the multiplier numbers are distributed over four addition units, there is a further reduction of the series links to be formed by machine, namely as follows:

Table I.

3765 χ 125 = 470 625 «A« adder MG adder: φ ι adder 3765 (odd)
1882

941 (odd)
470

235 (odd)
117 (odd)
58
29 (odd)

14th

7 (odd)
3 (odd)
ι (odd)

! 25

250

500

ι 000

2,000

4,000

8,000

16,000

32,000

64,000

128,000

256,000

125

500

2,000 4,000

16,000

64,000 128,000 256,000

470 625

The final product 470625 would result in eleven Steps can be achieved. In connection with this it should be noted that in one four-digit multiplier number, the maximum number of steps required is thirteen.

The number of steps can be reduced by distributing them to different adding units, z. B. in the case of distribution over two adding units, each of which has a special result adding unit is assigned as follows:

(odd) B. Table e II 125 125 65 3765 χ 125 = = 47 ° 625 ■ - - A. (odd) 32 MC 500 ■ - 37 16 (odd) 125 - --- 18th 8th 250 - - 9 (odd) 4th 500 4,000 .—. 4th 2 I 000 - 8,000 2 I. 2,000 4625 8125 I. 4,000 4625 (odd) 8,000

55 B. G 3/65 Tabel 5 = III # 3 ^ 4 7th 6th D. X 1; -Φ ι 470 625 - 125 50 A 3 3 5 MG 125 # - 250 3 I. I. 2 125 250 125 500 500 I. I. 250 - 250 750 625 500 375 500 750- 875 875- 375 470625

To do a multiplication calculation in the manner shown in the three tables above

470 625

To be carried out by machine, a device is required in the machine to allow for the multiplicand adder to double the set amount in successive machine games, as well as a facility, by the amount in the multiplier adder itself or, if it is through a odd number is displayed, halve the next lowest even number.

The doubling can be used in calculating machine technology, especially in technology of the computing punching machines, common means in such a way that the setting value is removed and reintroduced without deletion. Nor does it present any difficulty, essentially with the same Averaging the multiplier adder the tens complement of half of an even number Setting value and the Xeimer

Complement of the Halite of one diminished by i to be taken from the odd-numbered setting value and reintroduced into the adder.

It's also easy to tell each time whether an even or odd number is in an adder is set, so that the implementation of the multiplicand adder and its removal device> ° to exert control effects no difficulty prepares.

Using these possibilities given by the prior art computing machine technology, an Älultiplikationsmaschine with recording devices formed by adders for the factors of the task and an adder for receiving the result, which is formed by successive introduction of result component sizes, set up so that the multiplier and adders assigned to the multiplicand are designed as numbers halving or doubling devices and after the introduction of the factors into the adders under the action of a control device, e.g. B. a stepping mechanism, get through which the halving and doubling machine games until the exhaustion of the MuI-. 30 multiplier can be carried out, whereby when an odd number appears in the halving unit, the partial result formed up to that point from the multiplicand unit is transferred to a special adding unit, which also serves to extract the end result. To explain the invention in more detail, the essential components of an electrical multiplication machine of the type mentioned and a complete working circuit diagram of the machine are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

Fig. I, 2 and 3 together result when they are placed one below the other to create a complete circuit diagram of the machine +5 Implementation of the invention.

Fig. 4 illustrates the engine for advancing the task cards,

Fig. 5 shows the feeding device for the cards and the sensing device for the same the same.

6 illustrates the zeroing device for the adders of the machine.

Figure 7 is a diagram of an adder station.

Fig. 8 is a timing diagram of the effective in the working circuits of the machines, contacts operated by the machine drive.

Figure 9 is an illustration of the printing mechanism of the machine.

Fig. 10 shows a task card with a perforated multiplicand and a multiplier of a task number example.
! FIG. 11 illustrates the sequence of the settings in the adding units of the machine when the task which is punched in the task card of FIG. 10 is solved.

Fig. 12 illustrates a extraction commutator device for a digit of an adder.

13 is a detailed illustration of the mechanism for introducing a volatile 1 into an adder of the machine.

Before an explanation of the set-up of the machine is given, which to carry out the invention can find application, the operation of the machine in general will be explained in application of a numerical example, with particular reference to Figure 11 of the drawings shall be.

In this figure, the processes are shown numerically, which take place in the machine Play 596329 χ 1580 when solving the multiplication problem.

The task card, in which the two factors of the task are punched, is first moved by the card transport device of the machine in such a way that the card fields containing the multiplicand and the multiplier are sensed by sensing brushes, whereby the introduction of the sensed number sizes into the multiplicand unit JiC and takes place in three multiplier adders A, B and C, each of which takes up two digits of the multiplier size, these two digits forming small multipliers for which the multiplication calculation is carried out separately by the machine. In the assumed number of example therefore the multiplicand under the influence of the adder A by the multiplier 59 is multiplied under the influence of the adder B by the multiplier 63, under the influence of the adder C by the multiplier 29, wherein at \ ⁷ of the product parts ociation on correct job assignment is ensured.

In the machine games following the introduction of the number quantities sensed by the task card in the multiplicand and the multiplier adders, according to the guiding principle of the invention, it is important to repeatedly double the multiplicand value and to repeat the partial multiplier quantities in the adders A, B and C Halving is carried out in such a way that a number is deducted from each amount in the adders A, B and C , which is equal to half of its value, provided that the number

size is represented by an even number, or whichever is equal to half of the next Smaller even number is when the number in the adder is an odd number is. This subtraction is carried out in accordance with the machine by adding the corresponding complement values.

The increase in the original multiplicand amount, which was transferred to the Λ / C adder, is carried out in such a way that the respective setting value in the adder is doubled. The doubling of the setting value is shown in Fig. 1 1 by downward, arcuate curved arrows, which are directed with their tip against the next line. The reduction in the setting values of the adders A, B and C, which will accordingly be referred to as halving, is shown in the same way as the doubling by arrows pointing downwards in an arc. Transfer processes from the MC adder to one of the other three adder units ~ ni,: ^ 2 and ~ 3 are represented by broken arrows, which lead from the column in the drawing, which is overwritten with MC , to the columns with = I, ~ 2 and - 3 The broken arrows each point with their tip to the adder into which the amount in the .1 / C adder is transferred.

As already explained .wurde, the machine carries out three separate multiplication calculations next to each other, whereby a partial multiplier applies to each of these multiplication calculations, which is formed by two multiplier digits. There are thus formed by multiplying bills three partial products for the product to be calculated, which later became the final product comparable to _t agree. To explain the calculation processes, it is considered sufficient if, for the one shown in FIG. 11! Numerical example is explained in particular, I how the product of the two digits | fern 2, 9, which are set in the multiplier adder C ", formed partial multiplier with the multiplicand 1580 is obtained.

During the second machine game, the multiplicand value 15S0, which is in the Multi-step adder J / C has been introduced was taken from the adder and reintroduced into it, so that a Doubling of the setting results. The one set in the multiplier adder C. Numerical amount 29 monitors the removal of an amount of 85 from the C adder. This number is the nine's complement of 14, which is half of 28.

ie that even number which is the smaller even number closest to the odd multiplier setting 29. The adder C has only two digits, so that in the same the tens transmission device for the tens is ineffective. Before the doubling machine game and the halving machine game going on at the same time are carried out, the units digit of the adder C is sensed to determine whether an even or an odd number is at this point. If the sensing shows that there is an odd number in the ones place of the adder C, as is the case with the assumed numerical example, then current connections are established which have the consequence that the amount in the adder MC is applied to the adder 3 at the same time , is transmitted with the reintroduction of the amount in the adder MC itself. Since 29 is an odd number, the multiplicand is transferred to the adder - 3 and at the same time to the adder MC during the second machine game: at the same time, the setting value 29 is halved in your specified sense, i.e. a reduction to the amount 14 In the second machine game, the adder C contains the setting 14, the adder MC the setting 3160 and the adder τί 3 the setting 1580.

During the third machine game, which is also a broadcast machine game. the processes are repeated, ie the amount in the adder MC , which is now 3160, is transferred again to the adder MC , and the setting value 14 of the adder C is additive by introducing the complement of half the setting value, ie the number 93, by half 07 of the setting value brought. Since the standing in Multiplikatoraddierwerk C Size 14 is an even number, so no transfer operation is performed between the adder MC and the adder = ± 3. It is here to be at strengths that when is at the adder C an even number, then in this adder introduces the tens's complement of half the setting value, while in the case of an odd setting value in the multiplier adder C the amount introduced into it is the Xeuner's complement of half of the next lower even number. After the third machine game, the number 7 is in the adding unit C ", the number 6320 in the adding unit MC and the number 1580 in the adding unit m 3.

In the fourth machine game, the amount in the adding unit MC is doubled again. Since in the adder C now the

If there is an odd number 7, the setting value of the adder MC, i.e. H. the value 6320 is also transferred additively to the adder iff 3. The nine's complement of half of 6, i.e. 96, is added to the adder C, which reduces the setting from C to 03. The fifth and sixth machine game are repetitions of the fourth machine game, since the adder C contains the odd number 3, which is reduced to the odd number 1 in the fifth machine game, so that the same conditions exist for the fifth and sixth machine game as for the fourth Machine game. A transmission from the adding unit MC to the adding unit iffc 3 in connection with the doubling of the setting of the adding unit MC also takes place during the fifth and sixth machine game . At the end of the sixth machine game, the setting of the adder C has become ο, while the adder MC has come to 25,280 through continued doubling and that of the adder ^ 3 has come to 45,820 through the transfers made from MC. During further machine games, there is no further doubling of MC due to * setting the adder C to ο. The amount 45 820 'in the adding unit iff 3 therefore represents the product of 29 χ 1580.

During the doubling and transferring machine games described for the adding units C, MC and iff 3, corresponding reductions in the setting values of the multiplier adding units A and B as well as transferring machine games from MC ^{to the adding units = pfc 2 un} & 4t ^l have taken place, the adder B by its setting value the transfer from MC to the adder 4+ 2 and the adder ^ has monitored the transfer from MC to the adder ij £ 1 through its setting value. After the seventh machine game, the adding unit iff ι contains the product of 59 χ 1580 and the adding unit 4Φ 2 the product of 63 χ 1580.

The maximum number of transmission machine games that can be required to bring a two-digit multiplier to ο in the manner indicated is 6. Accordingly, for reasons of convenience, the machine intended to carry out the invention is designed so that it always executes six transmission machine games. If the adders A, B and C contain multiplier parts which represent a small number which is brought to ο with fewer than six transmission machine games, then six transmission machine games are nevertheless carried out, the last games being empty games. The number 29, which is in the adder C in the assumed numerical example, has already been reduced to ο in five transmission machine games, as shown in FIG. 6g. In the sixth transmission machine game, therefore, there was no change in the adder settings.

If it was a question of performing calculations with three-digit multipliers, then a multiplier number would be set in each of the adders A, B and C, and the maximum number of transmission machine games in question would be reduced to three, since each of the basic numbers 1 until 9 is brought to 0 by a maximum of three machine games of the type explained.

After the three subproducts have been formed, the machine performs two more machine games, which are referred to as union machine games are to be, with the amount in the adder it 2 during the first transferred to the adder iff 3 shifting two decimal places becomes, while in the second unification machine game the one in the adder iff 1 Transfer the amount to the adder iff 3, shifting four digits so that the end product 9420199820 is finally in the latter.

In terms of machine technology, the invention can be particularly advantageous in the form of a punched card machine be realized, with the devices for card transport and for sensing the task containing Punch cards as well as the adding units and the facilities for taking numerical values from the adding units and for transferring from one adding unit to another and the printing unit to define the product essentially in accordance with the corresponding facilities of conventional punch card machines can be formed.

Devices taken from general punched card machine technology that come into question for the purposes mentioned are indicated more or less schematically in FIGS. 4 to 7, 9, 12 and 13.

In Fig. 4, 10 denotes the drive shaft of the machine, which is directly the motor shaft can form or can be connected to the motor shaft by a releasable coupling.

The scanning of the task cards " R, which are pushed one after the other out of a storage container by a pick-off knife 11 and a pair of transport rollers 12

are fed in by means of contact brushes UB. The further advance of each card is carried out by further pairs of transport rollers 13, which also pull the cards past the brushes UB . The support shafts of the transport rollers 13 are equipped at their ends with gears 14 and coupled via intermediate gears 15 to a gear 16 seated on the drive shaft 10 so that the transport rollers 13 rotate continuously. By means of the intermediate gears 15, a gear 17 is also driven via a gear 18, which is loosely seated on a shaft 19 which carries a gear 20 which provides the drive for the pick-up knife 11 and the first pair of transport hooks 12 . On the shaft 19 is also located a fixed coupling arm 21 with a pawl which is under spring balancer 22, which is usually blocked by a λίagnetankerklinke 23 in unreality ^2t> more slowly location, but upon energization of the magnet 25 due characterized bewirkter attraction of rotatable about the pin 24 Armature pawl is released so that it can fall into a recess of a driving coupling element, which is firmly connected to the continuously rotating gear 17, so that each time the magnet 25 is excited, the gear 20 executes a full revolution, whereby the pick-up knife 11 is a back and forward movement is issued, in which there is a card index? the pair of transport rollers 12, which transfers the card into the position shown in dotted lines in FIG. 5, in which its front edge is located under the brushes UB .

There is also a UC / -in card lever contact at the sensing point usually arranged in punch card machines, which closed is when a card passes the sensing brushes while the contact is open, when there is no card of sensing is presented. During the doubling, transferring, merging, halving and the product printing machine plays, the magnet 25 is not energized since during this Machine games, of course, a card may not be transported.

When the hole values are sensed by the brushes UB , the multiplier sensing values are transferred to adding units, B and C provided in the machine and the multiplicand value is transferred to an adder MC. ! This is done in the usual way with the so-called Hollerith tabulation machines in that when a card hole is sensed in a card column, the adding wheel assigned to the column is coupled to the machine drive by energizing a magnet, which coupling remains in place until a fixed point in time of the machine game, so that an adder wheel circuit corresponding to the point in time of the coupling, i.e. the position of the hole being sensed, takes place each time.

The drive shaft for the adding wheels is denoted by 27 in FIG. 7; this is immediate coupled to the already mentioned drive shaft 10 of FIG. 4, so that they are so is rotating for a long time when the engine of the machine is running. The transfer ratio is such that the shaft 27 turns one revolution for each card transport machine game power. On the shaft 27 are slidable but non-rotatable coupling sleeves 28, one for each digit an adder. The coupling sleeve 28 is provided with a groove in which the The end of a short lever arm 29 engages, which is rotatably mounted and with a block 30 and is usually connected by an armature pawl 31 of an adder magnet 32 in the position shown in Fig. 7 is held.

A leaf spring 33 lies against the end of the longer arm of the lever 29 and moves it counterclockwise when the block 30 is released by the armature 31. This movement brings the teeth of the coupling sleeve 28 into engagement with the teeth 34 of a toothed wheel 35 which is loosely seated on the shaft 27. When the gear 35 is coupled to the shaft 27 in this way, it sets a gear 36 in engagement with it in L ^T m rotation and in this way adjusts the number disk 37 of the relevant number position of the adder. The rear end of the lever 29 can be grasped by a finger 38 towards the end of the machine game, the coupling being released and the block 30 being blocked again by the armature 31 of the adding magnet 32.

The adding magnet 32 is excited at alternating times of the machine game depending on the position of the card hole sensed by a brush UB in the card column assigned to it. The clutch 28, 34 is then engaged, which is released by the finger 38 at a fixed point in time after the counting point positions on the card have been scanned. The hole values of each scanned card are thus transferred to the connected adding units, as is customary with punch card machines.

The gear 35 also drives a gear 39 with a gear ratio of 2: 1, so that the gear 39 makes only half a revolution ^{for every L T m rotation of 35.} The wheel 39 carries a pair of brushes 40 isolated from the wheel, one of which has ten contact pieces of the two brushes that are conductively connected to one another

41 and the other looped a contact sheet 42. When the number disc 2> 7 is in its zero position, then one brush 40 is in contact with the contact piece 41 no. O, while the other burst is in contact with the contact arc 42. Each adjustment of the number disk 37 results in a corresponding adjustment of the pair of brushes 40, so that one brush 40 is always on the contact piece 41, the numbering of which corresponds to the set value of the number disk, while the other brush is at the same time in contact with the contact sheet 42. The commutator-like device 39 to 42 forms, in a known manner, a removal device for setting values of the number disk 37 or for values dependent on the setting of the number disk and can be used when carrying out the present invention to control duplication, transmission, combination and product printing processes, such as this will be explained in more detail later. The printing device is shown in Fig. 9

«5 clearly and corresponds essentially to a printing device customary in punched card tabular machines of the Hollerith type. The shaft 43, which is in direct driving connection with the continuously rotating drive shaft 10 (FIG. 4), carries a coupling part 44 which thus also rotates continuously. A disk 45 is also seated freely rotatably on the shaft 43 and carries a spring-loaded coupling pawl 46 which is able to come into engagement with the driving coupling part 44. Usually, the coupling pawl is held out of engagement with the coupling part 44 by an arm 47. The arm 47 is monitored by a magnet 48, when excited it releases the coupling pawl 46 so that it can fall into a recess in the driving coupling part 44, so that the disk 45 sitting loosely on the shaft. the rotation of the shaft must participate. The disk 45 is provided with a groove into which a pin of an arm 49 engages, which is seated on the shaft 50, so that when the disk 45 rotates, the shaft 50 is given an oscillating movement. An arm 51 is firmly attached to the shaft 50 and is articulated to a cross head 52, which is thus given an upward and downward movement with each orbital movement of the disk 45. The type rods 53 are in sliding connection with the cross head 52, each type rod being under the action of a spring which tries to lift it so that the type rods participate in the upward movement of the cross head, provided they are not prevented from doing so by locking. The type rods are provided with a locking toothing 54, whose. Teeth pass a pawl 55, the passage of a tooth of the ratchet teeth coinciding with the passage of a type 56 of the type bar through the printing position opposite the pressure roller 57. When the magnet 58 assigned to a type bar is excited during the upward movement of the type rods, it releases the pawl 55 opposite the locking toothing 54 of the type bar by disengaging a ^{pawl 60 that interacts with the 7} ^ pawl 55 through a pull wire 59 connected to its armature so that the pawl 55 is able to collapse into the toothing 54. This interrupts the upward movement of the relevant type bar, so that a type 56, which is dependent on the time at which the magnet 58 is excited, is held in the printing position. Before the crosshead 52 begins its downward movement, the type hammer then stops, so that all types in the printing position can be printed.

The support shaft 61 (Fig. 13) of the number disc 2> 7 of the adder is slotted in the usual way in the axial direction, so 9>'that the pawls sitting on the number discs can fall into it and in this way the return of the number disc to its zero position Rotation of the shaft 61 can go on.

The shaft 61 carries a gear 62 at one end, which is in engagement with a gear 63 which is seated on the zero setting shaft 64. A gear wheel 63 is provided for each adding unit, which can optionally be coupled to the zeroing shaft in the usual way. At the end of the shaft 64 there is also a gear 65 which can be set in rotation by an intermittently driven gear 66 which is firmly seated on the shaft 6y. An arm 68 is also firmly seated on the shaft 67 and carries a spring-loaded pawl 69 which is usually held in the position shown in FIG. 6 by a pawl arm 70, the no on the shaft 71 of the magnet armature 72 of a magnet 73 sits. The excitation of the magnet yz causes the arm 70 to be disengaged from the pawl 69 so that the pawl 69 is able to engage the driving coupling part 74 with a tooth. The coupling part 74 is firmly connected to the gear 75 which is in engagement with a gear 76 which is firmly placed on the continuously rotating shaft 43.

The driving coupling part 74 is then in continuous rotation, see above

that by energizing the magnet 73 at any time a driving connection with the zeroing shaft 64 can be produced.

The removal device for the Multiplikatoraddierwerke A, B and C is illustrated in Fig. 12. As has already been explained, each of these adding units is set up for only two digits, with value setting in the number disks 37 of the adding units being carried out in exactly the same way as was explained earlier for the multiplicand adding unit MC. These adders are also provided with a removal device for each digit, but the removal devices are differentiated from those of the -1 / C adder in that instead of each setting of the dial, a contact piece is provided for each two adjacent setting positions is. In addition, each removal device is designed, so to speak, as a twin device, insofar as the gear 39 belonging to it ^{drives a second brush-bearing wheel 39 a} via an intermediate wheel 39 *, the contact brushes 4ο ^{3 of which} also grind a set of contact pieces 41 *, but these contact pieces only for the setting positions of the associated number disc 37 corresponding to the odd numbers are provided so that electrical contact between the brush 40 "and a contact piece 41 * and the contact arc 42 ^fi is ^{only present when the number disc is set to an odd number. 3} S The units place of each adder A, B and C is provided with a device for introducing an additional, the so-called volatile ι This device is shown in FIG The energization of the magnet 110 causes a Release of the pawl 108 so that it can rotate clockwise on the shaft οι so that the pawl, which sits on the arm ioS, comes into engagement with the next tooth of the toothing 112, which is provided on each number disk 37 is. The usual tens transmission bar 113 then grasps the lever 108 and returns it to the position shown in FIG. During this return movement, the pawl 111 then pushes the toothing 112 and with this also the number disk 37 by one position.

In the working circuit diagram of the machine according to FIGS. 1, 2 and 3, L, Ci? and TP denotes cam contacts with the addition of digits, which are actuated during the operation of the machine in certain time monitoring. The X-cam contacts marked with L take effect during card transport machine games. The Xockenkontakte designated TP are effective during the voice pressure and zero setting machine games, while the Xockenkontakte CR as well as the surge transmitter E are permanently in effect.

Because of the very numerous Stromverbin- τ> fertilize which govern the operation of the machine, are electromagnetic relays, which contacts dominate in the current paths, controlled contact without regard to the location shown of the latter each time adjacent to each of them, so that each of the various relays appears once in solid lines in its own power connection in the circuit diagram and next to it in dashed lines on each of the contacts assigned to it. The relay contacts are labeled with the reference letters of the electromagnetic relays with numbers added.

The machine is set up so that it performs ten machine games for each counting card to be processed on which the two factors of a multiplication task are punched. One of these ten machine games is used to guide the card past the brushes UB ; there then follow six machine games, which serve to double, halve and transfer number sizes that are set in the machine when the card is scanned by the sensor brushes UB and are processed in subsequent machine games. After these six machine games, two machine games follow, which serve to combine the number sizes that were set during the previous machine games in various adding units. These two machine games are then followed by a machine game during which both the printing of the product and the zeroing of the adder take place.

To initiate the operation of the machine, the switch 77 (FIG. 1) is first closed, whereby the motor M is connected to the power supply system of the two main conductors. When the motor J1 / is in operation, the various continuously revolving shafts carrying the contact cams CR begin to rotate. Hitting the start button then causes the closure of the contact y8, whereby an excitation of the card transport clutch .nagnet 25 is brought about, which activates the card pick-up knife, which then feeds the first card from the card storage container to the first pair of transport rollers S2 .

At the end of this machine game, the advanced card is in the position shown in FIG. 5 in dotted lines. A second strike of the start button with closure of the contact 78 causes the magnet 25 to be energized again, whereby the first card R advances further and is guided past the brushes UB , while at the same time the second card is pushed out of the storage container by the pick-up knife 11.

When the brushes UB sense the multiplier and multiplicand fields of the card, electrical circuits are closed when the card holes pass the sensing brushes. At this point it should be mentioned that, according to the representation of the circuit diagram, there are mechanisms for handling a six-digit multiplier and a multiplicand that is limited to a smaller number of digits.

When a card passes the brushes UB , the multiplicand is introduced into the adding unit of the machine, labeled MC. The following circuits are effective here (Fig. 3): Main conductor 90, cam contact CR ₁ , card lever contact UCL, brushes UB, plug connection 91, contact Ji ₂ , which, as will be explained later, is then closed, adding magnet 32 of the multiplicand adder MC, Main conductor 80. Corresponding circuits are closed for the introduction of the multiplier in the adders A, B and C , the introduction in the adder A z. B. via the plug connections 92 to the adding magnet 32 via relay contacts H ₃ (Fig. I). The contacts H ₂ and H ₃ are provided to prevent disruptive reverse currents and are controlled by a relay magnet H (Fig. I).

When the card passes the brushes with the card lever contact UCL ₁ closed, the relay magnet H is energized when the cam _{contact L 4 is} closed and causes the contacts H ₂ and H _{s to} close. The cam contact L ₄ keeps the magnet H energized during the card sensing period of the machine game, so that the. Contacts H ₂ , H _{3 are} then closed, while they are open at all other times.

The excitation of the relay magnet H causes this to close its contact H ₁ , whereby a circuit containing the relay magnet F is closed as follows: main conductor 80, contact H ₁ , relay F, cam contact TP ₃ , which is usually closed, main conductor 90. The When excited, magnet F closes its contact F ₂ and thereby creates a holding circuit which remains until contact TF ₃ opens near the end of the zeroing processes.

If an amount is to be taken from the adder MC and transferred back into the same in order to double the amount in the adder, then a plug connection 95 (FIG. 3) between the socket 96 of the adder and the relay contact D ₁ and another plug connection 97 made from contact D ₁ to receptacle 93 of the same adding unit.

The closure of contact D ₁ results in the production of the following circuit: main conductor 90, wire 98, impulse transmitter E ₂ , wires 99, contact pieces 41 of a removal commutator set by the adding wheels, brush 40. Contact strips 42, plug-in sleeve 96, plug-in wire 95, contact D ₁ , Plug wire 97, socket 93, adding magnet 32, main conductor 80. The adding magnet 32 of the adding unit is thus excited at a point in time which is determined by the position of the brush 42 of the removal commutator.

If an amount is to be transferred from the adder MC to one of the other adder units ii, ~ 2, ^ i 3, then a plug connection 100 from the socket 96 of the removal commutator belonging to the adder unit MC is connected to the contacts 1T ₂ , 2 T ₂ and 3 T ₂ established and further plug connections 101 to the adding magnet 32. If z. B. the contact 1 T _{2 is} closed, then there is the following circuit: main conductor 90, wire 98, impulse transmitter E ₂ , wires 99, commutator contact pieces 41, brushes 40, contact strips 42, receptacle 96, pintle wire 100, contact 1T ₂ , pintle wire 101, Socket 93, magnet 32, main conductor 80. Magnet 32 of the adder q ± 1 is thus excited according to the amount in the adder MC.

If in the adders ± h 1 and it 2 set product parts are to be combined with the product part in the adder ^ t 3, then a plug connection 102 is made from the withdrawal commutator of the adder ir 1 to the contact ι G ₂ and a plug connection 103 from the withdrawal commutator of the Adding unit qi 2 to contact 2 G ₂ and also plug connections 104 and 105 of receptacles of contacts ι G ₂ or 2 G ₂ to receptacles 93 of adder 4 ^ 3> ^un d with corresponding assignment of the various digits to each other. If the contact ι G _{2 is} closed, then the following current path comes from the contact strip 42 of the units place of the withdrawal commutator of the adder q ± 1: Contact strip 42 of the units position, pintle wire 102, contact 1G ₂ , plug connection 104, socket 93 of the ten-

IO

Thousands digit of the adder ήί 3, adder magnet 32 at this point, main conductor 80.

If the contact 2 G _{2 is} closed, then a similar current connection comes from the contact strip 42 of the ones place of the withdrawal commutator ~ t 2 of the adder: + r 2 as follows: contact strip 42 of the ones place, plug connection 103, contact 2G ₂ , plug connection 105 to Receptacle 93 of the hundreds of the adder - = 3, assigned adder magnet 32, main conductor 80.

When the calculated end product is to be printed, the contact P _{5 is} closed, and if the plug connection 106 and 107 is present, the following current paths come from the contact strip 42 of the units position of the removal commutator ± t 3 of the adder q = 3: contact strip 42, pintle wire 10O, Contact P ₃ , pintle wire 107, pressure magnet 58 of the ones place of the adder, main conductor 80.

In the foregoing it has been explained briefly how the various doubling, transmission and product pressure circuits come about, and it is shown in FIG. 3 how the plug connections for a single digit of each adder are to be made. Similar \ ^r are onnectivity frankly, make for the other paying agents.

It will now be described how a corresponding amount is taken from one of the adding units A, B or C and reintroduced according to its complementary value. In particular, the processes are to be explained with reference to the addition unit ^, which, however, also take place in the same way with reference to the addition units B and C. The numbers in the tens place of the adder A are taken after the Xeuner complement of half their value, if the number is an even, or after half of the number reduced by 1, if the number is odd. The working circuits are best understood in connection with a specific numerical example. It is assumed that the brush 40 of the tens place of the extraction commutator of the adder A is at S. Then, when the surge transmitter E ₁ rotates during a transmission machine game; then the following circuit is established: main conductor 90, contact piece 5 of the power supply, toßsender E ₁ , wire 115 no.5 connected to this, wire 116 to contact piece 41 ″ Xr. 8, 9, brush 40, contact strip 42, receptacle 117, pintle wire 118 , Contact D ₂ , which is closed during the doubling processes, as will be explained, pintle wire 119, adding magnet 32 of the tens digit, main conductor 80. The current surge occurring at time 5 of the machine game causes the introduction of a 5 into the tens digit of the adder, and this 5 is the Xeuner's complement of half of 8. If the brush 40 had been on 9, then a 5 would also have been transferred to the adder A. If in connection with the solution of the above-mentioned multiplication problem 596329X1580 in adder A, the number 59 is set, then there would be a 5 in the tens of the adder, and this circumstance would result in a 7 being inserted in the tens rde.

The contact pieces 41 ^{a of} the units digit are connected by wires 120 to the same wires 115 with which the corresponding contact pieces 41 ^{s of} the tens digit are connected. The wires 120 have interruption points with the contacts K ₁ , which are usually closed. If a contact K ₁ remains closed during a transmission machine game, then the amount withdrawn from the ones place is reintroduced into the ones place in the same way as it was just explained for the tens place. Therefore, if the brush 40 of the ones digit is at 8, then the following lead-in circuit is closed: main conductor 90, impulse transmitter E ₁ , wire 115 Xr. 5, wire 120, which is furthest to the right in Fig. 1, contact K ₁ , contact piece 41 "Xr. 8, 9, brush 40, contact strip 42, receptacle 117, pintle wire 118, contact D ₂ , magnet. 32 of the ones place, Main conductor 80. If there is an odd number in the tens place of the adder, then the contact K _{1 is} open, the contact Ä ~ ₂ on the other hand ^{closed Io} °, so that the contact piece 41 ° belonging to the ones place with the wires 115 via a group is connected by wires 121. The contact piece 41 ° Xr. 8, 9 of the units position is completely switched off when the contact K _{1 is} open, since at this point a contact K ₂ is not present at all. The wires 121 connect the contact pieces 41 ^s the ones digit with wires 115, which correspond to the complement value of the no number in the digit increased by 5 if the tens digit is an odd number.

When the contacts A ' _{2 are closed} , which occurs when the tens digit is an odd number, the contact pieces 41 "of the" 5 ones digit are connected to the wires 115 and the surge transmitter E ₁ via the wires 121 so that a number enters the One's place is introduced, which is equal to the Xeuner's complement of the number there is increased If, for example, the brush 40 of the

The ones digit is set to 6 and if

while the contact K »is closed, the lead-in circuit runs as follows: main conductor 80, adding magnet 32 of the ones place, contact D ₂ , plug connection 118, socket 117, contact strips 42, brush 40, contact piece 41 ° No. 6, 7 of Ones place, contact K ₂ , wire 121, wire 115. # 1, impulse transmitter E ₁ , main conductor 90. Therefore, if the brush on the ones place is on 6 or 7, a circuit is made which results in the introduction of a 1 when an odd number is in the tens. The contacts K ₁ and K ₂ are switched under the influence of a relay magnet K * 5 which is excited when an odd number is in the tens. The removal contact pieces 41 * are used for this purpose, and since the brush 40 ^s , which loops the contact pieces 41 * and the contact strip 42 ^s , is set on one of the contact pieces 41 *, the following circuit is established: main conductor 90, cam contact CR ₄ , which closes after a value has been introduced, relay contact F ₃ , which closes during a card transport machine game, contact strips 42 *, brush 40 ", odd- ^{toothed contact piece 41 6} , relay magnet M, relay K, wire 122, main conductor 80. The magnet M When it is excited, "the contact M ₁ closes and a holding circuit is established, which goes from the main conductor 90 via the cam contact CR ₂ , the contact M ₁ , the relay windings M and K, the wire 122 to the main conductor 80. The relay magnet K is thus excited at the end of the card transport machine game after an introduction has taken place, and is kept excited during the entire introduction interval of the next machine game, during which the halving, doubling, and transmission processes take place.

After values have been introduced, the contact CR ₂ opens, and in ⁴ S a late point in time in the machine game, the contact Ci? ₄ again to enable the new amount in the adder to be sensed, and if there is still an odd number in the tens, then the relay magnet / C is re-energized, while the circuit is not closed when an even number is set in the tens so that the contact / C ₁ remains closed. The contact ^{pieces 41 b of} the withdrawal commutator for the ones place of the adder A control the relay magnet 1 T, wel cher in turn controls the contact 1 T ₂ of Fig. 3, which, as explained, the transmission circuits from the adder MC to the adder afc. 1 closes. As has already been explained, the transmission takes place every time there is an odd number in the ones place of the adder A. If the brush hits one of the odd-numbered contacts41 * for ^{40 s, a circuit is closed each time.} This circuit is as follows: main conductor 90, cam contact CR _t, contact F _3, wire 123, contact piece 4i ⁶ of the unit position, brush 40 ', preservatives 7 "timing strip 42 ^s, relay Magnet N, magnet 1 T, wire 122, the main conductor 80 . This circuit is closed simultaneously with the exciter circuit of the magnet K. the relay a ^r closes its contact N ₁ and turns ⁷ ^ a holding circuit through the contact CR ₂ here, so that the circuit remains closed during the insertion portion of the next following machine game. therefore, when If there are odd numbers in both the units and tens, then the magnets K and 1 T are excited at the same time and kept excited together.

For the solution of the problem it is necessary, if there is an even ⁸ S number in the ones place, to introduce an additional 1, ie the tens complement of half of the number in the place. For this purpose the relay A ^{r is provided} with a normally closed contact N ₂ , and if the number in the ones place is even then the magnet N remains de-energized, as has already been shown. Near the end of each machine game, the cam contact CR ₅ closes after the cam contact CR _t has previously closed, and the following circuit is established: main conductor 90, cam contact CR ₃ , contact iY ₂ , relay magnet R, magnet 110 to introduce the volatile 1, main conductor 80. The relay magnet R closes its contact R ₁ and thereby establishes a hold current path via the cam contact CR ₇ , whereby the circuit is maintained until the next machine play and in this way the mechanism controlled by the magnet 110 is properly effective, to introduce a 1 with the assistance of the tens transmission mechanism of the ones digit. If the number in the ones place is odd, then the closure of the contact Ci? _{4 took place} for the excitation of the magnet N and causes the opening of the contact N ₂ before the cam contact CR _S closes, so that in the case of an odd number in the units position, the tens switching magnet 1Ϊ0 is not effective.

The circuits for the multiplier adder A have already been explained. Exactly the same circuits are possible for the addition units B and C , so that these need not be specifically described

to need. A special set of contacts CR ₂ , CR ₃ , CR _t and F _{3 is also} shown in the circuit diagram for each adder B and C. Of course, only a single set of these contacts could be provided for the three adders A, B and C.

It is now to be explained how it is achieved that the machine games, which for the ίο Solution of a multiplication problem required are going to happen in the correct order.

In Fig. Ι a known current closing device is indicated schematically, which consists of an arcuate busbar 130 and a number of contact pieces 131, the latter being ground in succession by a brush 132, which sits on an arm 133 which is connected to a Schaltao wheel 134 which seeks to rotate a coil spring 135 clockwise. The excitation of the magnet 136 causes the actuation of a ratchet mechanism 137, whereby each time the magnet is excited, the a5 brush 132 is advanced from one contact piece 131 to the next contact piece. A spring-loaded pawl 138 holds the contact arm 133 in the position raised by the excitation of the magnet 136. The return of the contact arm 133 to a basic position takes place when a magnet 139 is excited, which disengages the pawl 138 from the teeth of the indexing wheel 134 so that the spring 135 is able to return the indexing wheel to its basic position. During the first machine game, the two factors of the task being transferred to the receiving adders, the contact brush 132 assumes the position shown in FIG. As has already been explained, the magnet F is excited during this machine play and thereby causes the closure of the contact F ₁ , so that near the end of this machine play which serves to introduce the factors, when the cam contact CR ₅ closes, the following circuit is closed: main conductor 80, Contacts F ₁ , CR _T, magnet 136, main conductor 90. The excitation of magnet 136 has the advance of contact brush 132 from contact piece 131 No. 1 to contact piece 131 Xr. 2, which is then conductively connected to the contact track 130 by the brush 132. This closes the following circuit: main conductor 80, wire 140, contact track 130, brush 132, contact piece 131 No. 2, magneto, cam contact CR ₁₃ , main conductor 90. The cam contact CR _f) is closed for the entire duration of the insertion section of the next machine game, so that during this period of time the magnet D also remains excited and keeps its contacts D ₁ (Fig. 3) and D ₂ (Fig. 1 and 2) closed. The adding magnets of these adding units can thus be excited via the extraction commutators of the adding units MC, A, B and C. Near the end of this machine game, the magnet 136 is energized again, the contact brush 132 going from contact piece 131 No. 2 to contact piece 131 No. 3 and the magnet D is again excited.

The contact pieces 131 No. 2 to 131 N, r. 7 are conductively connected to one another, so that each time the brush 132 passes from one of these contact pieces to the adjacent one, the magneto is excited. 'Near the end of the seventh machine game, the contact brush 132 goes from contact piece 131 No. 7 to contact piece 131 No. 8, and when the cam contact CR _e is then closed, the relay 1 G is energized, which its contact 1 G ₂ ' Fig. 3) closes so that the amount in the adding unit -iz 1 can be transferred to the adding unit: == 3. As the brush 132 advances further to contact piece 131 No. 9, magnet 2 G is excited, which closes its contact 2 G ₂ (FIG. 3), whereby the adding units == 2 and ir. 3 are connected together. At the transition of the brush 132 from the contact piece 131 No. 9 to the contact piece 131 No. 10, the magnet P is excited, which has its contact P ₅ 'Fig. 3) closes, so that the extraction commutator of the adder ~ 3 is connected to the pressure magnets 58. The magnet P closes its contact P ₁ when it is excited (Fig. 1 above), whereby the printing unit clutch magnet 48 is excited so that the printing unit is effective during the next machine game and the amount in the adder = ± 3 is printed. When the switch 141 is closed, the zero setting clutch magnet 73 is also energized and causes all adders to be reset after the product number has been printed. During the printing process, the cam contacts TP are effective, of which the cam contact TP., When it closes, excites the zero setting magnet 139 >> ° of the stepping relay. The contact TT ₃ causes the de-energization of the relay magnet F and the contact TP ₁ , which closes near the end of the machine game, the excitation of the card transport clutch magnet 25, whereby the automatic feed of the next card to the sensing brushes UB is brought about the various operational processes for solving the next multiplication task follow, the factors of which are punched in this card.

The various operating processes of the machine will now be briefly summarized with reference to the numerical example shown in FIG. During the first machine game, when the card passes the brushes UB , the factors are sensed and the multiplier is transferred to the adders A ₁ B and C and the multiplicand to MC . Towards the end of this

In the machine game, the step relay 130 to 133 is connected by one step, so that the relay magnet D switches the adding units MC, A ₁ B and C. for the recording of numerical values under the control of their commutator removal devices. Near the end of the first machine game, the tens digits of the adders A, B and C are also sensed to determine whether the numbers set in them are even or odd

zo are. If the factors of the multiplication task shown in FIG. 11 are set in the adding units, then when the tens digit of adder A is sensed, it is found that it is set to 5, which is an odd number. Accordingly, the magnet K is excited for this digit. The magnets K for the adders B and C, on the other hand, remain de-excited because the even numbers 6 and 2 are in the tens of these adders. Simultaneously, the units digits of the addition units A, B and C are sensed and wherein it is determined that the units digits of all three adders odd numbers are provided, namely, the numbers 9, 3 and 9. Thus, the relay magnets iT, 2T and 3T excite , so that the extraction device for the adding unit MC is switched so that the number 1580 in the adding unit MC is transferred to each of the three adding units ^ F ^τ · # 2 and 4f 3. Near the end of the transmission machine game, the brush of the step relay is pushed forward again and the units and tens of the multiplier adders A, B and C are sensed again. An even number is found in the tens of the adder A , namely the number 2, so that the magnet K is not excited. In the tens of the adders B and C , however, odd numbers are found, namely the numbers 3 and 1. As a result, their relay magnets K are excited. The ones place of the adder C contains the even number 4, so that the tens switching magnet 110 is excited for this adder and the additional (volatile) ι is transferred to the tens of the adder during the next machine game. However, the transfer magnet 3 T of this adder is not energized.

The sensing for even and odd and the transfer of numbers is continued for four more machine games, after which the adding units A, B and C are set to zero. The step relay is then in the setting at which the magnet 1 G is excited so that the amount in the adder = f £ 2 is transferred to the adder ij + 3. At the next circuit of the contact arm 133 of the stepping relay, wherein the brush 132 to the contact piece 131 no. Reaches 9, the magnet energized 2 G, and there is a transfer from the adder ^ 1 in the adder 4 ± 3, in what letzterem- then the calculated product value is available. The excitation of the magnet P then sets the printing mechanism in operation and establishes the connections from the extraction commutator of the adder ^ 3 to the printing magnets 58, so that the product is printed, whereupon the adder units are set to zero and are thereby in readiness for processing the next Multiplication problem to be brought.

In the above, the invention has been explained using the example of a machine with three multiplier adders A, B and C and three partial product adders: fr i, ± fc 2 and ^ 3 er. However, a larger number of adding units for receiving pairs of multiplier digits and a further counter for each additional pair of multiplier digits could of course also be provided for processing tasks with multipliers with a larger number of digits. With regard to the multiplier digit adder, it is assumed in the explanation by way of example that each of these adders is set up for two digits. If tasks are to be dealt with in which the multiplier has a lower number of digits, ζ. B. only three digits, then the machine could be provided with multiplier receiving devices, which are only set up for a single digit, so that each only receives one multiplier digit. In this case, the number of doubling machine games would be reduced to three, since this is the maximum number of doubling machine games required in this case, and the three further doubling machine games that were used in the above explanation could be used, with the multiplier adders having two digits were to fall away.

Claims (6)

Patent claims: i. Multiplication machine with receiving devices formed by adding units for the factors of the task and an adder for receiving the result obtained by successive Introduction of result part sizes is formed, characterized in that the adders assigned to the multiplier and the multiplicand are designed as number halving or doubling devices and after the introduction of the factors into the ad- jo dier works under the influence of a Control device (e.g. stepping mechanism 130, 132), through which the halftone and doubling machine games are played until the multiplier is exhausted, with at Appearance of an odd number in the HaI-Bierunigswerk the partial result that had been built up to that point from the multiplicand work was transferred to a special addition ϊο will be in what it is to form the end result Is used. 2. Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the multiplier receiving device and the result set are each formed by several adding units, each for recording of only a part of the multiplier number digits serving multiplier adder a result adder is assigned, into which a value transfer from the multiplicand adder occurs every time there is an odd number in the assigned multiplier adder, for the multiple result adders Institutions for the unification of their setting values with a corresponding post transfer for the formation of the End product are provided. 3. Machine according to claim i, characterized characterized that <lem multiplier adder one of it to its setting value set removal device together with device for determining whether the set value is a straight or a is assigned to an odd number, which is assigned to an odd number each time it is set Number influences the value introduction organs belonging to the adding unit in such a way that the automatic introduction of the complement of half of the setting value takes place. 4. Machine according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the introduction of the complement of half of the setting value in the multiplier adder as Xeunerkomplement is provided with an introduction facility an additional (volatile) 1 in the units position, if this one is even Number stands. 5. Electrical multiplication machine fin according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that with a two-digit design of the multiplier adders, preferably without tens transmission device for the tens, all adders of the machine (MC, A, B, C, -f 1, ^ t 2, = | φ 3_) are provided with commutator-like removal devices (40, 41, 42) set by them, which at the same time form parts of value introduction and value transfer devices and are interconnected with current impulse transmitters (E ₂ , E ₁ ) , with a current impulse transmitter (£ 0 ) the extraction devices for the multiplicand adder (MC) and the result adder (q ± i, ~ 2, = x 3) and another impulse transmitter (-E ₁ ) is common to the various multiplier adders (A, B, C) . 6. Machine according to claim 5, characterized in that for each digit of the multiplier adders two commutator-like devices set by the counting wheel are provided, one of which (with contact pieces 41 ¹ ' and contact rail 42 *) exerts special control effects for odd-numbered settings. In addition 3 sheets of drawings