DE7233419U - DEVICE FOR GENERATING THREE-DIMENSIONAL COLOR IMAGES - Google Patents

Description

\ Device for generating

three-dimensional color images and spatial images.

The invention relates to the field of three-dimensional or stereoscopic color photography in the Form of fixed camera images or moving film images and relates in particular to a device for generating such three-dimensional color images. Mediation of the method and the device can be compatible Generate spatial images that can either be viewed spatially with the help of special glasses in full color rendering or without any viewing devices such as two-dimensional ones Color photographs are viewable.

The three-dimensional photography with full. ' In the known form, color rendering is insufficiently compatible with normal viewing. In this connection, reference is made to US Pat. No. 2,751,826, dated June 26, 1956, entitled "Color stereosystem and Stereovorsat z ⁿ by WH Harrison and the US Patent", 360,322 dated Oct. 17, 1956, entitled "Apparatus for producing stereoscopic images with color "by VH Harrison · In the above-mentioned patents it is proposed to subdivide the color spectrum into two clearly delimited image spaces" with a mutual distance, proportional to the binocular or transverse disparity generated in a "photographic double system (double camera). Images produced by the Harrison process are subject to distortion, such as due to

of the two image spaces and the two apertures results. If resolved double images are generated separately in the image plane »these cannot be viewed in an agreeable manner without special glasses. Even then »if the Images generated in the image plane almost coincide images produced according to Harrison edge distortion, which indicate inadequate assignment of the separated Image spaces, variations in width due to different path lengths from the two images forming Apertures »mechanical axis deviations, operating errors and due to the device-related tolerances of the Harrison device result in * Added »that at Creation of clearly resolved and focused double foreground and background images with the Harrisonsohen double image space in the viewer discomfort and symptoms of fatigue are caused, as the way of looking at it does not correspond to the normal visual process in which the foreground and background are outside the plane of focus appear fuzzy * This causes any convergence errors that may exist due to the sharpening the images are all the more noticeable. These disadvantages can apparently not be eliminated, since, according to Harrison, one large depth of field appears to be required for best results. The one suggested by Harrison Stereovoreatz is also very bulky, difficult to use, and both difficult and costly to use Manufacturing. The offset makes it difficult to be reliable and easy production of a perfectly compatible stereo image, as the necessary mechanical tolerances for Generation of images that exactly overlap at the focal point, at the limit of manufacturing accuracy for mechanical devices lay. It also requires a proprietary aperture mirror system such as Harrison's exact one Bank-based Obor cover, so that convergence errors in vertical and avoided in the diagonal direction. It exists

hence a need for a novel and improved one Process and a corresponding device for producing three-dimensional photographic color images.

The invention is therefore intended to avoid the aforementioned Limitations and Disadvantages of a Method and Apparatus for Generating Three-Dimensional Camera and film images by means of a single image space, a single aperture and a single lens »as well as a The following requirements are met:

The photograph taken should be optically sharp in the image plane, i.e. not contain any transverse dispapation * The transverse dispersion should be directly related to the focal length range of the lens, and for certain Case of application · The dieparation should be proportional to the dispersion in the case of image obscuration from the visual acuity bone, i.e. the stereoscopic information in the unsharp area, which is normally present outside the focal plane of the lens, may be included. That

The method and the device should be free from insurance effects and therefore particularly suitable for micro and macro photography. You are supposed to be making Photographs permit which give the same impression of an object space as a person when she focuses both of her eyes on the focal point of the same subject, i.e. adapted, and are therefore free from contrasting double images. Furthermore, the applicability to known Lens constructions in fora minor changes Without additional aids, attachments or the like. Be given for most lenses, wosu no mechanical Changes to cameras for stereo photography purposes should be required · The automatic division

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should be done simultaneously with the distance setting of the Camera lens ». The spatial images should either mediate without effort on the part of the viewer Spatially visible with special glasses or without any visual aid as "normal" two-dimensional "photographs or Film images appear.

The proposed method for producing compatible three-dimensional photographic images Color images by mapping an object spaces into one Image space by means of a lens? or a lens with an aperture stop into which one of each element of the The number of rays emanating from the subject space is characterized according to the invention in that the objective or the lens to a preferred plane in the subject space in focus, the plane of the aperture diaphragm into a left and a right delimited opposite Segment divided, from the rays passing through the left segment, a predetermined first part of the Spectrum, and from the rays passing through the right segment a predetermined second part of the Spectrum is filtered out, whereby these parts of the spectrum are mutually exclusive and each one such Spectral range include that both spectral ranges for the human eye appear in approximately the same brightness, the image space in two sentences with see each other exclusive spectral component is divided, but it is a single image space from an average Beam group with a transverse disparity of approximated half the horizontal diameter of the aperture diaphragm, so that one in the preferred plane of the object space lying object outgoing rays are divided into two groups, converged to Koin rideηκ and in the plane of a light-sensitive surface located in the image space to form a composite image with

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matched and more accurate color rendering that of the coloring of the object · corresponds to being focused »by one in the foreground of the object space outgoing rays are converged into an image in the space behind the photosensitive surface, whereby the converging image rays penetrate the image plane and the ·· in a slight offset to the side with a complementary one Spectral component beliohten widder The amount of lateral defrosting is proportional to the distance from the preferred level »from a background of the · object • space The object is located outgoing rays through the lens to form an image in front of the plane of the light-sensitive Surface are united »so that * they diverge behind the image and are sensitive to light Surface alo slightly offset rays complementary Color meet »where the size of the offset is proportional to the distance of the image from the plane of the photosensitive Surface and the offset direction of the The opposite of the foreground image is seen when viewing the image produced in this way with an unarmed one With the eye, the images of the preferred object plane appearing in the ohmic plane are clearly visible and the images seen outside the subject plane due to their positional deviation from the image plane have a right or left lateral color border, and at Viewing the generated image with filter glasses with color filters »which correspond to the filters in the taking lens, thus affects the convergence or divergence of the eyes according to each element of the image displacement becomes, there is a psychophysiological in the mind of the beholder three-dimensional spatial image is generated.

The device proposed for carrying out the method consists of an objective or a lens with aperture end and is characterized according to the invention by a filter arranged in the plane of the aperture diaphragm

from a »the right half of the aperture diaphragm occupying the first filter element and one the left half of the Second filter element occupying the aperture diaphragm, both filter elements each having a bandpass width, the approximately equally large sensation of brightness in the human eye evokes, and mutually exclusive Spectral ranges include, so that light rays passing through the objective or the lens in Beams of the left and right halves divided and passed through the objective or lens in a single, each one located in the area of the subject Subject corresponding image group are shown in the image space, in which each image in each case through both sides of the aperture end passing through, meeting Beams of rays is formed.

The for creating three-dimensional fotografieohfcr Device serving images thus consists of a device on the aperture diaphragm of a normal photographic lens or a split filter arranged on a lens. The right and left filter halves are approximately the same large amounts of energy of the spectrum by the light passing through the right half of the aperture diaphragm is reduced by part of the spectrum, while that passing through the left half of the aperture stop Light is reduced by the complementary part of the spectrum. The lens still produces a single image of all objects in the object space. the in the imaging plane, i.e. on the light-sensitive Images generated on the surface are made congruent in the usual way by the lens, so that the Exposure appearing on the photosensitive surface from just a set of sharply focused and converged ones Images consists of a preferred plane of the object space, i.e. that is mapped sharply into the image plane correspond. In front of or behind the plane of focus within the image space from in the foreground

or background of the subject space are converged and appear either in front of or behind the photosensitive surface to form individual images therefore usually out of focus in the focus plane, However, as the light rays pass through the filter, these images are made up of left and right light beams formed, which produce an image with left and right color fringes on the photosensitive surface, where the amount of fringing or the width of the color fringing is direct and proportional to the transverse disparity » caused by the distance of the respective object from the preferred object plane in the object space is. In addition, the position of each image line depends on whether it is an image of an object in the foreground or background of the object space or whether it is the image of a light or dark object, and turn around accordingly. As a result, a fully resolvable set of data is retained, which is subsequently with the help of filters for the right and left eyes can be viewed when the filters correspond to those in the taking lens. In this viewing, the viewer is naturally made to slightly enlarge or converge his eyes reduce to bring these image edges to congruence - This causes the colors to merge in the physiological optic nervous system of the viewer a clear image is generated and the necessary eye displacement is caused due to the * associated eye convergence or divergence a psychophyiological spatial visual impression.

The invention is illustrated below with reference to Drawings explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 is a simplified diagramatic representation of a camera with a photographing lens modified according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic illustration of the taking lens and the picture window of the camera according to Fig.l.

Fig. 3 is a graph of the band peak characteristics of filters suitable for the invention.

FIG. 4 is a pictorial representation of FIG

geometrical conditions when viewing a stereo image according to the invention *

FIG. 5 is similar to FIG. 2 and shows the processes between the camera lens and the film plane at Picking up dark objects.

Fig. 6 shows in view and in a larger Maftetab the film level of 'Fig. S.

Fig. 7 serves to illustrate the mode of operation of the invention using the in Fig. 1 shown arrangement.

FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 show further exemplary embodiments for filters according to the invention.

In Figures 1 and 2, a camera 10 is shown, which is modified according to the invention. The camera consists of "a camera housing 12 that has a" Light-tight sealed chamber for receiving and transporting light-sensitive material such as e.g. one Roll film 14 in front of a picture window or "exposure frame" forms. The camera housing 12 can be of any configuration and, for example, from a Filaküuura or a camera. An objective or a lens 18 is attached to the housing, which in the with the level of the light-sensitive material * in the image window IS coinciding focal plane or <n of an imaging plane creates an image. It means no restriction

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if it is assumed that the image level is exactly old the plane of the photosensitive material · in image window Buiaitüaenf & llt, since in practice a · Figuret level is present at this point. Xa senses of the VTO horizontal description should correspond to the level of photosensitive material and the one corresponding to this and in the Oegenstandsraua object level as the preferred object level and imaging planes are designated. The photosensitive material can be, for example practice the usual 35 mm roll film, around cinema film or around Splash the egg with a borrowed emulsion layer Act. The only condition on dtis liohteafltdliahe Material is only because it has a spectral sensitivity and can record color information within the yarn siohtbaien spectral range.

For practical reasons, the description is intended to be limited to a specific embodiment of a camera be. A Beeeier Topeon camera is used with a Topeor automat £ kobjaktiv of 58 at the focal length ait f / 1.4 went out. The lens is shown in the drawing figures only schetcatiseh and consists of a Double aeniskusanastigaat with two inner doublets 20 and 22 of negative meniscus lenses and overlay positive elements 21-28, of which the last also consists of a doublet. The objective has a lens element located between the inner menu elements 20, 22 Aperture diaphragm open * The invention is based on the presence of an aperture diaphragm, in so far as each Lens that can be modified according to the invention can, has at least one aperture diaphragm * The objective on which the description of the embodiment is based serves only for verai & sehaullohning, and the invention is not swept on it in any catfish, but ItAt take a look at all types of photographic lenses

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finally dev meniscus anastigmatβ, triplets with an air gap etc. apply. Telephoto, wide-angle and other special lenses can also be used according to the invention form. Each object has a physically predetermined plane in relation to the lens geometry, which has the property of the aperture diaphragm. The aperture diaphragm limits the opening angle of the axial energy cone, the one let through from the counterpart space into the pictorial space will. A property of the aperture stop is that all light, which from any Point in the three-dimensional object space and enters the objective, fills the aperture diaphragm, i.e. that the image obtained in the image space within the camera by an approximately even distribution of light rays arises, which pass through the entire surface of the aperture diaphragm in the same way. Accordingly can be observed that when subdividing the aperture diaphragm into a left and a reohte half and shielding one half approximate half the light energy is lost, welohe coming from the object raucous through the lens in the image space is transmitted, i.e. let through. As is well known is an iris diaphragm 28 immediately next to or in the vicinity of the aperture diaphragm, so that the from Luminous flux entering the image space can be easily controlled in that only the outer circumference of the aperture diaphragm is covered and thereby that of the lens Luminous flux passing through is reduced.

According to the invention, a spectacle filter SO is arranged approximately at the aperture diaphragm of the objective and immediately in front of or behind the iris diaphragm. The filter generally has at least mutually exclusive left and right filter half-elements 32 and SH. The filter half-elements generally adjoin one another and lie in a common plane on or in the immediate vicinity of the aperture and

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divide this cover into a left and a right half. One filter half-element is designed so that it lets through a predetermined part of the visible spectrum, while the other half-element of the filter only lets through to this complementary part of the visible spectrum. The spectral ranges preferably correspond to approximately the same visual brightness as below is explained in more detail. Otherwise there are no changes to the lens, with the exception of one that may be necessary low compensation for the filter thickness. In practice it has been shown that according to the invention modified lenses to achieve perfect results do not require additional compensation for the filter elements. The filter 30 is designed so that against ** mutually exclusive spectral ranges are allowed to pass through with the same brightness and when viewing a remote

\ use photography in the same way with the help of

built viewing filter is approximately the same size

'G sensation of brightness in both eyes of the beholder

■ is caused. This way it becomes a strain

■ avoided by the viewer, which could arise from the fact that ] the pupils of both eyes have different brightness values would have to adjust. The subdivision of the visible

The spectrum can be determined in many different ways

follow. A preferred division is shown in Fig. 3, which warned the permeability of both Firterhalbel as Function of wavelength shows. The characteristic curve 36a represents the permeability curve of the blue-green filter 31, while the characteristic curve 38a shows the preferred characteristic curve of the permeability of the red filter 32. These filters show a lot over their entire transmittance range high bandpass permeability bet, but outside these ranges to negligibly small values fall off. The filters can be designed in different ways and, for example, of dichroic ones

There are reflection filters that are made from the coating of transparent substrates with a particularly effective covering. The other curves 36b, 38b show the characteristic of Qelatine filters (Kodak filters, types 26 red and 44a blue-green), which can also be used, but are less suitable than the more powerful dichroic filters due to their high losses. From the characteristic curves shown, an important requirement for the filter is evident, namely that the upper bearing area 39 of the filter durometer or, to use an expression from communications engineering, the "crosstalk coupling ^{11 is} extremely low and is made negligibly small in an economically justifiable manner." This reduces eye fatigue and possibly confusion for the viewer.

The filters are preferably arranged in such a way that the red filter 32 is the occupies the left half of the aperture stop, through which the incoming light beam 40a passes, while the blue-green filter 34 is the right half of the aperture stop occupies, through which the entering light beam 40b passes. In the normal case, which of the Representation of Figures 1 and 2 corresponds, this arrangement agrees with that of the red filter in the left half of The aperture diaphragm and that of the blue-green filter in the right half of the aperture match. When using image reversal, However, it should be easier with systems of movement or transmission be, the designation left and right half bundles of rays on the subject space and not on an arbitrary one Aperture diaphragm (or an image of such) within the objective system to be related to a correct one Ensure filter alignment. The filters are & I preferably located exactly on the aperture diaphragm spread over their entire extent in the plane of the

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Aperture diaphragm and divide diet «in a lateral direction in two equally large halves along an exactly vertical one and the line intersecting the lens axis. Position deviations of the filter in the lateral direction or axial deviations from the plane of the aperture diaphragm and vertical flutation errors or tilting are not critical within certain limits. The effects of such deviations are considered in more detail below »

With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, it is now assumed that there is a preventive plane in the object space H2 is imaged in the imaging plane with the light-sensitive surface in the image space HH and that continues There are several foreground and background levels in the subject space, each in the corresponding foreground and background levels of the image space are mapped »These assumptions are consistent with the known Al * - Laws of Education of Lenses and Lenses. Anything emanating from an object located in the object space Energy beam that step through the lens can, represents a single point in the plane of the aperture diaphragm. All light coming from the object fills the aperture diaphragm completely (if directed radiation energy is not used, i.e. light sources, for example with directional effect, although this restriction can be neglected). Because the filters on the aperture diaphragm are arranged, the aperture diaphragm plane is divided into equal halves, and each element of the allowable Image space HH (in the three-dimensional sense) is illuminated by a first group of rays, which duroh the for Pass through the red-permeable side of the screen, and a second group of rays, which through the blue-green-permeable " Side of the bezel. These groups of rays converge at each image point of the three-dimensional image space color matched to a composite image

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Composition, the tion of adding four of the two Radiation bundle groups results "(The lower permeability" value for QeIb is not noticeable, since the subjective Emotion also from the combination of Red and blue-green is produced.) Both beams, however, have a binocular with respect to the aperture stop Separation or transverse disparity, which corresponds approximately to half the horizontal durometer of the aperture diaphragm *

The mapping geometry is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 using three bars SO, 52, SH, which are in different Levels of the Sagenetanderaume are located, and the corresponding Bar images 60, 62, 6> t illustrated in image space. FIG. 2 also shows the manner in which each image in the image space is formed from converging light bundles emanating from the opposite sides of the aperture stop herkommeil and have different spectral content, so that in the images generated in this way results in approximately the same energy distribution.

The objective should be set in such a way that a preferred plane of the three-dimensional object space « is imaged sharply in the plane of the light-sensitive surface within the image window. To do this, brews generally only the distance of the lens from the Liohtsensliohen surface set or the geometry of the objective to be changed accordingly, so daft in the preferred plane of the object space in three-dimensional Image space generated images fall exactly into the plane of the photosensitive surface. As if without further ado it can be seen that images in front of or behind the preferred image plane are in the preferred image plane not in focus. From the room located in the object three bars 50, 52 and 54, the bar 50 is in the preferred plane, the bar 52 in the

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Foreground and the bar 54 in the background. Hence will from the bar 50 a convergent, color-fused one - nee and sharp image 60 is generated on the photosensitive surface. The exposure through this object therefore takes place in the same way as if no filter were present.

The bar 52 in the foreground corresponds to a Balkan picture 62 in the background of the picture space " so that the bundles of rays 62a »62b enforce the plane of the photosensitive surface in convergence. This results in a slight lateral Displacement or fringing in the exposure of the photosensitive surface, which corresponds to the distance of the bar image 62 corresponds to the plane of the photosensitive surface in the image space. The shift is obviously straightforward proportional to the corresponding distance of the beam 52 from the preferred plane in the object space.

The one in the background of the object room Bar 51 is in the foreground of the image space through the Beams 64a, 64b shown as a bar image 64, wherein the exposure of the film on the photosensitive surface from a lateral displacement of the divergent Light bundle 64a, 64b is accompanied, which from image 64 go out. The total displacement is directly proportional the displacement of the bar 5 * + in the background of the subject space and the corresponding displacement of the bar image 6H towards the foreground of the image space.

The slide, picture, etc., which by illustration the preferred object plane is obtained are characterized by several properties that distinguish the image from known three-dimensional images. First once iot nut * a single picture space »with a« one

ζigen picture window is provided so that the picture space is only one Contains set of images which are formed by the bundles of rays which are symmetrical with equal paths Path lengths from the object space pass through a single aperture. Consequently, there is no path length difference in the image space during exposure, so that there is also none Distortion and distortion can occur due to path length differences. Result in distortion effects As is well known, when the subject space is cut through in spaced apart apertures is imaged or viewed and has the consequence that image detail on the circumference and especially in the corners due to the distortion are lost by adding an «exactly right-angled Original is reproduced in different sizes on its pages.

The spatial image can be produced in such a way that it does not contain any sharp double images. For this purpose, the iris diaphragm is adjusted to achieve a limited depth of focus, so that all stereo information is automatically contained in the disintegration blur of a single set of image space data. The spatial image generated in this way is particularly suitable, since the diffuse blur of the spatial image according to the invention corresponds exactly to the subjective human visual process, in that the image of the human visual impression, which is afflicted with double diffuse blurring, is very similar to the spatial image observed according to the invention. Accordingly, the viewing of stereo images is significantly reduced by reducing the viewing inconvenience, compared to viewing stereo images with double images in focus. Sharply defined double images are stubborn for most viewers in the peripheral visual area and, moreover, did not correspond to the actual visual impression with normal vision.

In the following it is explained in more detail, in veloher Way, the spatial image according to the invention stereoscopically, i.e. can be seen spatially and what explanation for the spatial Visual impression can be given.

For the sake of clarity, it is assumed that “mediating of the camera shown in Fig. 1, a color slide film exposed, the film is then developed and the color slide obtained is then viewed. It should be noted that the invention is not limited to this example, but broadly such as, for example, to color television broadcasts is applicable.

In FIG. H, a color slide is shown in relation to a viewer. As is well known, a slide must be viewed in relation to its position in the camera in the direction of view towards the subject area and with the wrong height if no alignment system is used. It is therefore assumed that the slide has been correctly aligned and rotated by 180 ° for the sake of easier viewing. It then appears as shown in FIG. Without visual aid, ie with the naked eye ₍ the converged image 70 of the preferred plane appears perfectly sharp with balanced color reproduction according to the additive properties of the converged color components of both filters.

In contrast to this, the foreground image 72a appears with a blue-green color fringe 7b and one shifted to it red border 72e, the shift being proportional! is the distance of the foreground image 62 from the preferred image plane. In a corresponding manner, the background image appears with a left-hand image that has been shifted to red Color fringe 7Ha and a right shifted to blue-green Color fringing 7Hb, di «separated from one another by a distance

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which is proportional to the distance between the background image and the image or focus plane in the image space. Without a viewer, these images will generally merge into one relatively diffuse image with colored edges of indefinite coloring. However, the degree of dispersion and the size of the fringing can be varied by means of the iris diaphragm 28 and the range of depth of the sheath predetermined by it so that these phenomena do not stand out »especially if the impression of a three-dimensional image is created should and the highest possible compatibility with a two-dimensional approach is sought.

It is now assumed that the observer has put on filter glasses 76 in which the left spectacle lens 77 is transparent to red and the right spectacle lens 78 is transparent to blue-green. The spectacle lenses 77, 78 can for example be designed identically to the aforementioned filters, with the only condition that the superimposition of the permeability areas of both lenses must have an absolute minimum value in order not to stumble at the observation and not to confuse the viewer. With glasses on, the converged image in the preferred plane of the image space is not influenced with the exception of the luminous flux reaching the beholder's eye, i.e. the luminous intensity of the object is reduced by at least a theoretical factor of 1/2, since only half the luminous flux is allowed to pass through each eye will. However, the color rendering is not significantly changed. When the viewer first adapts his / her eye to the preferred plane, he / she sees a converged and sharp image. The image on the left-hand side, which originates from the foreground object 52 of the object space, has a blue-green left-hand color border TIu v ^ id <uin "n red right bevel border 72a, whereby the

Viewer is enticed to shut his eyes in the way to bring them to convergence so that these images are mutually exclusive superimpose * This creates “a psychophysiological three-dimensional impression of space in the viewer's brain awakened, as the required convergence is exactly that when looking at any object in normal vision corresponds to that lies in a plane behind a given object.

In a corresponding way, the picture of the opposite shows? Ouch object SH lying in the background, the at 7 * shown i <* t, a red color fringe offset to the left 7 «» a and a blue-green colored fringe offset to the right 7Hb, which leads the viewer to to enlarge its eye divergence to bring these images together. This will turn the color rendering adjusted and the viewer to the psychophybiological Illusion leads to the fact that the fused image is behind the image plane of the slide viewed. The luminous flux in the merging images when the viewer's eyes converge or diverge leads to a considerable increase in illuminance so that the image appears clearer and brighter when the exposure images are in the eye of the beholder through a corresponding convergence or divergence position of eyes merge into one another.

The above considerations apply to illuminated, light colored object in the foreground, background or the preferred level of the object space. in the in general, such bright objects produce a positive light reflection in the direction of the camera. The pictures dark objects also have blue-green and red color fringes, but these are opposite to the images of light objects Objects are reversed. This could now

The conclusion drawn is that the angle of contention but the higher fine atelle level can be reversed must. De · is not the case, however. Dark blessings lend tioh namely through non-existence of Color or lighting in their place from »whereas the foreground or background of such objects like s.B. the source surrounding the objects in positive Lighting or in the "Glanslioht" ersoheint.

For bright objects, i.e. objects with positive lighting such as B. white objects the objects that are generally in the foreground are redshifted in the manner described or a right-sided one Color fringes and a blue-green shift or one color fringing on the left.

As shown with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, there is little or no with dark foreground objects Illumination show »so see.B · Schwärs« a shift of a non-red image on the right side of the image and a shift of a non-blue-green image on the left side of the image so that the picture has color spaces that are opposite to each other are those in the above consideration. As shown in Fig. I, a blue-green color fringing 172a becomes and obtained a red color 172b. This statement is intended on the image geometry: the rays which durohsetset the red filter half-element 32 are shifted to * eohts, and if no rays pass through the filter, the result will be remembered as non-red. This results in a blue-green shifted to the right Color fringing, which corresponds to the absence of feces, and a red color fringing shifted to the left, which corresponds to the absence of blue-green.

FIG. 7 shows a plane of the object in plan view 86, in front of which you can see a black bar SO in the foreground

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is located. A camera lens 12 a with a filter IHa »b let directed to the Oogenetands level M and let eo adjusted » because this is mapped aoharely · With Ma and Mb are arenas lent »each through one of the pass through both filters «When following the target continuously from right to left «rays entering the objective achieve a Puakt IO» deu the red ray Ma and the left ray Ma both meet in the Qegenetands level. About that point In addition, the left red ray Ma is shadowed by the eohwarian object la foreground, so dae in dleeea Area only the blue-green 8-ray Mb remains and this is also shaded after a course. At this point, the exposure is zero (eehwars) corresponding to the object »whereby, however, no right» blue-green color patch 172b is obtained »that through the right one Filter 11b contains background items appearing.

When the background is traced across the camera, the left beam Me just passes the left side of the original object and shows singularities through the filter 91a . In this way, the object la image field dark old a left red color swirl and a right blue-green color eaua · When looking at the glasses 71, the right eye has a dark image shifted to the left "which results from the presence of blue-green and red image border" while the left eye “appears in a dark image shifted to the right”, which results from the absence of feces in the blue-green image on the right. These shifts bring about a convergence in the eye of the beholder, "whereby the colors merge from one another to the other

image obtained corresponding to the object in the foreground

When the objects in the background are cohwars, results due to the same Betraohtungswiese » that these red color fringes shifted to the right and blue-green color fringes shifted to the left have »because the so-ordered rays when they hit the plane of focus diverge. When viewed with the filter glasses 76, Jiese color spaces are brought to the surface » so that the picture corresponds to the actual object schallst in the background.

The entire image space according to the invention is thus obtained from a single save of images consists »which at each pixel regardless of» whether the relevant image is in the plane of focus is located or not, so that a balanced and correct color scheme is unified with one another * With others Wotten »Objects in the preferred plane of the object» Raums appear as images in the focused image plane HHb, whereby the images are color-balanced and from left uvid right complementar, each through the filters back against spectral absorbencies or -berelohen exist in corresponding catfish result in object in the foreground and in the background background and foreground images, which in Ahmliehe? way Completely and in the appropriate background or Foreground level H4c bsw. Wa are in focus. It there is no swelter 8atx of images. You foreground and background images will of course be divergent odedf converging rays in particular at the intersection point with the preferred and containing the film Level HHb formed. Hence the film has the Above described fringes on «, it is however

impossible to obtain a film image on which there are clearly distinguishing double images because the image roughness only consists of a single set of images and the color fringes that appear on the film, which are used to convey the Depth information is used in accordance with the method according to the invention, on geometric relationships with the focal length of the lens and cannot be traced back to a double figure. This justified in the invention itself A feature makes it impossible from the outset that double images of the foreground or background are created, and avoids the unpleasant visual sensations when viewing clearly distinguishing double images. That after the invention The method and spatial image obtained by means of the proposed device corresponds fairly exactly the two-eyed human vision, in which also blurred, distracting images appear, for example when the eyes can be adapted from a foreground object to a background object. It goes without saying takes into account that the human visual process takes place with the visual organ consisting of two apertures. According to the invention, an optical system with a split single aperture is used which provides the single set of images described above. That on this A wise image of space forces the viewer to

! mafien to turn his attention to the preferred level

ι because it is very difficult for him to get his attention

to concentrate on a double vision system. The one and only

j way, the scattered images in the foreground and background

j clearly seen is by convergence or divergence of the

Eyes, for which the viewer's organ of vision necessarily succumbs to the stereoscopic effect that is inherent in the structure of the image 'is "built in".

It runs, see, that the viewable spatial image also through image transmission systems and the like with multiple

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figure is transferable. First of all, it should be made clear that " the correctness of the image can only be guaranteed when the image is viewed from the background of the image space will. In other words, "the spatial image is the same." Can be viewed in the direction in which the recording is to be made has taken place, regardless of whether it is a slide or a paper image. Is known however, the first picture is seldom wrongly and vertically and therefore the correct way of looking at it i, among other things, rotated 110 ° will. When erecting (or rotating) by means of a corresponding optical system such as s.B. of a lens the image is not only rotated by 110 °, but the image space of foreground and background is also swapped. In this way, all information contained in the color fringes of the spatial image is transferred to the Besugs image plane also interchanged, so that when the image is optically rotated by 180 °, the stereo information is also interchanged will. This is a property of every optical system, in that with every further rotation it becomes such a property Swap takes place. In practice this means that the invention is not influenced by exchanging foregrounds and background by a more complicated optical system, provided that the straightness of the sides is preserved. Of course, as with normal slides, the sides can be accidentally mixed up. what leads to this is the spatial image according to the invention loses its three-dimensional quality and even seen in reverse three-dimensionally by some viewers can be.

Another property of the invention is that it is relatively free of critical pinension factors. Certain setting and adjustment deviations are not critical * For example, «is an angle deviation due to a rotation of the filter * around the optical

Oh ·· d ·· Lenses not critical. Dm equal · meets also on horizontal verses su »Kt seigt see, daft an the left and right edges of the slides are sealed in color depending on the axial displacements of the filter along the Obicktlvaehs. ._ These The shift is acceptable when looking at the bit of the filter glasses, but it can be checked by trial and error adjustment of the filter · easily eliminate * Let this connection be Mentioned that the iris diaphragm and the filter in general on the aperture diaphragm of the objective. In some cases, however, this can be unspeakable because of the iris diaphragm or other elements would in this case coincide with lice elements, so these elements should therefore be used need to be arranged somewhat offset from the theoretical position of the aperture diaphragm. In contrast, au Many well-known three-dimensional stereo systems let that • rfindungs ^ enftA proposed three-dimensional spatial image especially free from reconciliation, which see through angular alignment of the head ·· a «observer. Many viewers tilt their heads for inventing convenience at a small angle. In known systems, in many cases this results in an immediate loss of the three-dimensional image indications and but double image ! • reward. In the case of the eleventh Raunblld, however, are such angular deviations are not critical. Also occurs here a loss of the three-dimensional impression, but first unto «? relatively large deviations in relation to the vertical.

The roughness according to the invention opens up particularly Look at it nfihelos and provides a pleasant picture, as it is very close in its structure to the Sehvargang with unarmed Eye equals. For example, corruption corresponds to the double vision due to the eye contraction of the viewer directly the double image convergenite

! 'AAVJi !! L ^ V ^ WW ^ SS ^

Bo in the process of seeing with the naked eye, so that the viewer is consequently exposed to very few discomforts is, since he is already used to the same eye position during normal visual processes ie * that is used for viewing the he ** finduP3Sgemäen room image is required. Another similarity eich results from the subjective impression of an increase in the contrast of the image when in the eye of the beholder the color fringes merge into one another. Thus the Gwhirn of the beholder confirms the correct way of looking at what in turn, the three-dimensional effect is increased. It should also be noted that this process is accurate corresponds to the process of seeing objects in the object space with the naked eye, insofar as the entire impression of brightness of a seen object is significantly reduced if only one eye adapts to this object is.

In this context, a substantial improvement in the image quality of the foreground and background image is obtained if the viewer's eyes are converged in the right way, since when the left and right edge borders of objects are superimposed, the entire details of the object appear considerably better and sharper, mi upper and lower edges can have scattering blur and are not improved, since the viewer can only achieve horizontal convergence and no vertical convergence.

The color filters shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 put filters from the viewpoint of the Gegastandsrauns with a structure with which the definition on the upper and lower illustrated bands can be compared d «r with horizontal convergence of the side edges through the viewer »These filters generally correspond to * my * n that of the shape of the shape according to the figures

O (λ - 27 - .0, V,

each has a corresponding left red filter 132 and a right blue-green filter 13 "+. However, the filters are shown in FIG their upper and lower areas are covered so that the permeable areas are roughly butterfly-shaped appear. As a result, the paths through the lens, which are mainly offset perpendicular to one another, are made rays passing through it are selectively eliminated compared to the more horizontally displaced paths Rays. This condition is satisfied by many different "forms", some of which are shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10. are shown.

8 shows a filter structure in which the upper and lower circular quadrants or wedges of the aperture stop are made impermeable. A consistent continuation of this shape leads to the shape of Fig. 9, in almost all of them the upper and lower quadrants are mutual Have distance. The remaining right and left filter half-elements leave predominantly left and right rays through, which are laterally offset with respect to the objective axis. In Fig. 10, one filter is made up of two Disc filter elements shown on either side of the objective arranged approximately in the middle of the aperture diaphragm and are surrounded on all sides by opaque material.

These geometrical shapes are generally characterized as a result, a larger number of light rays selectively can pass through laterally or horizontally offset lens sections, whereas the little stereo information containing rays and rays passing through the top and bottom ends or quadrants of the objective discriminated against or hidden. Each diaphragm of this type is also characterized in that it has both in the vertical as well as in the horizontal direction symmetrically to the center de: c aperture diaphragm and thus of the objective

is arranged. In direct analogy to the previous consideration of the horizontally offset rays can be seen directly from the sauna formation on the upper and lower edges of objects obtained directly from the exposure of the film duroh rays, which pass through the upper and lower edges of the aperture diaphragm of the objective. Through selective elimination of these Rays, for example by means of the filter diaphragms shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10, the sharpness of the Greatly improved the top and bottom edges of the items.

Versatile modification options and further configurations are self-evident »This is the invention readily applicable to macroscopic and microscopic photographic systems. The corresponding Optics can easily be in the plane of their aperture diaphragm with filters of the type described above Mistake. There are no restrictions on miniaturization except for each optical system applicable restrictions.

The method and the device according to the invention are applicable to color television. When applied to the four channel NTSC color system currently in use in the United States however, a minor change should be made. This system uses a luminance or brightness signal derived from the color signals in order to create compatibility for Sohwarzweift receivers. It is shown by rolling the upper edge of the red signal, i.e. electronically rolling the red shelf satisfactory results can be obtained in the yellow area, since the luminance is then only derived from the blue-green Signal is derived. Without this change, let the color convergence setting confusing and for the viewer

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Less effective due to the lower luainana signal.

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Claims (6)

O 72 y> 419 "l Hamburg, December 8, 1972 V. 72 107 Wdm / Wa Ans pr Hohe 1. Device for generating three-dimensional color images, consisting of an objective or a lens with an aperture diaphragm and an imaging plane in which the image of a preferred plane in the object space is sharply imaged, characterized by a in the plane of the Apeirburblende arranged, from a di.i right half of the aperture diaphragm occupying first filter half element (34) and a die second filter half-element occupying the left half of the aperture diaphragm (32) existing filter (30), both filter half-elements each having a bandpass width, approximated equally great brightness sensation in the human eye, and mutually exclusive spectral ranges include, so that through the lens (18) or the lens passing light rays in the bundle of rays left and right halves and divided by the lens or lens in a single, each within each the object corresponding to the object space are shown in the image space (44) in which each image is formed from converging bundles of rays passing through both sides of the aperture diaphragm is. 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized by one for hiding a high percentage of the upper and lower edge areas of the aperture diaphragm impinging rays and thus to reduce the upper and lower Edge blur serving aperture device such that through the lateral merging of the lateral edges of the picture taking place in the brain of a beholder and by the elimination the upper and lower edge blur using the Aperture device the impression of an overall sharpness can be generated. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the diaphragm is symmetrical to the center of the aperture diaphragm intersecting vertical and horizontal lines symmetrically arranged upper and lower wedge diaphragms, Has opaque sections. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized ί- 'indicates that the aperture is in the top and bottom areas the aperture diaphragm is opaque. 5. Device according to one of claims 1-4, characterized [characterized in that the diaphragm covers the entire area of the aperture aperture with the exception of symmetrically arranged at a distance in the horizontal direction and provided with the filters (32, 34) Covers openings. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5 * characterized in that that the openings are circular and a distance corresponding to approximately half the diameter of the aperture diaphragm from center to center.