DE720535C - Carburetors for catalysis of hydrocarbons and other fuels, especially for internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN EMPIRE

ISSUED ON
May 8, 1942

REICH PATENT OFFICE

PATENT LETTERING

CLASS 46 c ² GROUP

B169055 I a / 46 c-

Dmitry Balachowsky in Paris

Patented in the German Reich on March 16, 1935 Patent granted April 9, 1942

The invention relates to a gasifier for catalysis of hydrocarbons and other fuels, preferably for feeding internal combustion engines. There are already known carburetors for internal combustion engines, in which the fuel with a First air volume is foamed, this foam mixture passes through a heated catalyst and then this premix the receives the air required for combustion as secondary air.

The invention aims to improve the devices of this type and characterizes mainly because the given

ig if the first air quantity to be replaced wholly or partially by burned gases, the only makes up a fraction of the total amount of air, the fuel in at least two Passages are supplied, namely as an emulsifying stick in a spray mouth and as the actual first air above the spray mouth.

This has the advantage that the emulsion air initially turns the fuel into a foam stirs up, which then through the actual first air entering at higher speed quickly and easily into a very homogeneous mixture with the finest distribution of the components is transferred, and that for this purpose only a very small total amount of initial air is necessary. This low initial air volume then enables the Catalyst without the risk of excessive pre-combustion of the combustion mixture. The fine distribution of the fuel in the rich mixture and the simultaneous good heating of the catalytic converter produce the best possible result Processing of the fuel mixture into easily combustible gases and light hydrocarbons with the lowest content of heavy polymerization products.

The drawing illustrates exemplary embodiments of the invention along with others Improvements.

In the drawing, 4S

Fig. Ι a simplified partially cut open Side view of the entire device,

Fig. 2 and 3 shown on an enlarged scale catalyst tubes and one Mixers in special designs,

Fig. 4 a modification of the device according to Fig. 1,

Fig. 5 is a modification of Fig. 1.

In the emulsifier, which mixes the first air with the fuel, there is a spray nozzle ι fed by a container 2 of constant liquid level and carries

openings 3 below for the entry of a very small amount of air, followed by another very small amount of air, the actual first air, ■ to get added through bores 6. These two amounts of air form the entire first air or chemical treatment _ air to pre-oxidize the fuel.

The first air exits a filter 4 to a chamber for particularly intimate mixing 5, the upper wall of which is pierced by holes 6 and below the catalyst 7, from which it is separated by an intermediate piece that is connected by channels to the ' Distributing the emulsions is broken. The distance between this distributor 8 the upper wall of the chamber 5 and the inlet of the catalyst tubes can be regulated.

The catalyst exists in a known manner

from a large number above the channels 9 fixed in two plates 11 and through the at 12 entering and at 13 outflowing exhaust gases of the engine heated pipes.

The temperature of the door Katalysatorroiire must be above about 250 "to 280 ^0, best at 300 ⁰ to 350 ^0th

Each catalyst tube consists (Fig. 2) of a rigid outer tube 14 of the same Metal like the rest of the device, so preferably made of steel or non-oxidizable bronze, and further from an inner tube 15 made of a catalyzing substance. The inner tube is preferably made of a metal or alloy of such kind and compositional components as they best match the type of fuel and the temperature of the catalyst. This prevents mechanical fatigue of the catalyst tubes, for example due to thermal expansion, and all forces are in added to the fixed outer tubes.

The goal of catalysis must be to convert the heaviest molecules into lighter molecules first to crack, some of which are gaseous at ordinary temperature, and then the creation of weakly oxidized products (organic anhydrides, ketones, Aldehydes etc.) and the most complete possible conversion of the carbon released in carbon dioxide.

L ^T m, these two effects to achieve successively, the type of the catalyst at the inlet and outlet of the catalyst tubes 10 is preferably different, namely, for example, at the entry, a copper-nickel alloy for the columns of the heavy molecules and at the outlet of pure copper, chrome-copper etc. present to create weak pre-oxidation.

The catalyzed mixture comes (Fig. 1) through a pipe 16 into a cleaner 17, and although in its lower part 18, where it is mainly due to slowing down and cooling as a result of the relaxation resulting from the large contents of the chamber 17, the heavy polymerized ingredients that are "highly condensable" loses, namely - At the same time with droplets of liquid fuel and possibly entrained by the gas flow Dust. These deposits are removed from time to time by a bottom drain 19 deducted.

From the upper part of the chamber 17 lead two tubes 20, 21 of different diameters the mixture continues. This flammable mixture is at the temperature of the engine and even at the lower temperatures the device parts still to be flowed through by it are not condensable.

To the gas stream any existing sulfur compounds and fatty acids or To remove mineral acids, the chamber 17 can contain a filling 22, such as iron filings and soda or potash.

This chamber 17 can also be used to advantage to allow the gases to come into contact to bring with substances that increase the quality of the prepared mixture, such as with carbonyls, aniline, with fragrant ingredients, etc. to increase the detonation ability, eliminate the smoke and exhaust gas odor of the engine.

Finally, depending on the situation, this chamber can be equipped with catalysts, such as zinc chloride, aluminum chloride, to add to the burning mixture bring about further improving additional catalysis.

Finally, the cleaner 17 can be equipped with heating devices be provided, for example by the exhaust gases of the engine and by a source of electricity.

The spacious pipe 20 of the cleaner 17 opens (Fig. 1 and 3) at 23 on the L'mfang a VenturiiOhres 24, in the middle part of which a nozzle 25 covers the largest part the total air introduces secondary air. The Venturi tube 24 is at the end of a tube 26, which opens into the intake pipe 27 of the engine, and an outer throttle 28 and an inner throttle 29 contains. The shaft of the outer throttle 28 carries one Thumb 30 driven by a rod 31 of the accelerator foot lever and mastered thus a roller lever 32 which sits on the shaft of the inner throttle 29. The shape of the Thumb 30 is designed so that it has the most favorable processing conditions for each speed results.

In certain cases, as in Fig. 1, the cleaner 17 is higher than the venturi tubes 24, the mixer attached; this has the advantage that the rich gases ^ which are generally

are heavier than air, can flow out easily through the venturi.

In other cases it can be useful

be able to mount the cleaner 17 inside the mixer; because there can be condensation enter when mixing the rich gases with the secondary air and the mixer, and then these pieces of liquid fall into the cleaner instead of being carried away into the engine will.

The end of the tube 26 is formed by a removable part 33 (Fig. 3), the the venturi tube 24, the nozzle 25 and the outer throttle 28 carries and on the tube 26 is held in place by a nut 34 attached to a threaded portion 35 of the removable Pipe section 33 engages in that it passes through a slot 36 in the fixed pipe 26 protrudes. To remove the part 33 for cleaning, it is sufficient to use the accelerator rod 31 to remove from the thumb 30. This mixer described is used for the ordinary operation of the engine.

The narrower tube 21 of the cleaner 17 opens at 37 (Fig. 3) in an idle mixer 38, which is the mixer for regular operation same, but smaller in dimensions. This mixer joins tube 26 at 39 above the inner throttle 29. Its delivery quantity is controlled by a throttle screw 40 regulated.

In a modification of the device described in FIG. 4, the catalyst is divided into two separate unequal parts 41, 42, both in one also in two parts 43, 44 subdivided cleaner open, of the parts of which the Regelbetriebsrohr2o and the idle tube 21 go out.

This device has the advantage of idling or reduced power Use a suitable special nozzle 55 (Fig. 4) that has smaller dimensions than has the full-service nozzle.

About starting and re-accelerating the engine when operating with heavy fuel oil To improve, the device can also have a gasoline carburetor 45 (Fig. 1) have, the carburetor pipe 46 opens into the engine intake pipe 27. Chokes 47 and 48 are connected by levers 49, 50 and a bumper 51 and are through a (not shown) rod driven so that either the mixer for heavy Fuel or the gasoline carburetor can be connected to line 27.

According to the modification according to FIG. 5, the gasoline carburetor 56, 57 can be connected directly to the cleaner 17. The chokes 47, 48 drop, then go away.
According to the modification according to Fig. 6, the spray nozzle 1 of Fig. 1, along with its air inlets 3, is further improved in that an enlarged space 60 with a throttle valve 61 is switched into the nozzles and an adjusting lever 62 of this throttle valve is connected to the accelerator lever or a lifting rod 63 other suitable control element is connected. A float chamber 2 for fuel is again connected below the air inlets 3.

The effect of this additional throttle valve is that the otherwise momentary a relief of the engine due to the inertia of the fuel flow occurring Fuel overfilling of the catalyst is avoided; that means even safer Smoke-free with heavy oil operation and reduced ■ risk of contamination of the catalytic converter. In addition, when starting and accelerating the engine is the small amount of fuel that accumulates in space 60 useful, "because in these cases it enriches the emulsion and thus gives a more energetic one Combustion.

The above facilities for the catalyst can be used in various industries for catalysis with liquid emulsified or non-emulsified gas-like Substances find application, in particular for the industrial implementation of cracking go heavy oils, such as petroleum, or coal hydrogenation. The container part 16 or 17 of Fig. 1 is then connected to a suction pump for the catalysis to be carried out under negative pressure and thereby to increase the effect.

Claims (6)

Patent claims: 1. Carburetor for internal combustion engines, in which the fuel with an initial amount of air is foamed, this show mixture passes through a heated catalyst and then this premix the air required for combustion as secondary air receives, characterized in that the amount of fresh air to be replaced, if necessary, in whole or in part by burnt gases, which makes up only a fraction of the total amount of air, the fuel in at least two series-connected Groups of narrow passage openings is supplied, namely as emulsion air in a spray tube and as the actual First air above the spray tube. 2. Carburetor according to claim 1, characterized in that for introducing the actual first air two perforated distribution plates one behind the other (5, 8) with openings (6, 9) are arranged, the openings (6) of the expedient a distributor plate (5) against the openings (9) of the other distributor plate (8) are offset and the distance between the two distributor plates can be regulated. 3. Carburetor according to claim 1 or 2, the catalyst tubes of which consist of an outer jacket and inner catalyst are formed for the gas passage, characterized in that that these double tubes (14, 15) are made entirely of metal, namely the shell part (14) made of corrosion-resistant metal, for. B. non-oxidizable steel or Bronze alloy, and the inner part (15) made of catalytically active, dense (not porous) metal with a large internal passage for surface catalyzing. 4. Carburetor according to claim 3, characterized in that the tubes (14) inner lining catalytic converters (15) on the inlet side of the premix made of a copper-nickel alloy or a similar heavy molecule splitting catalyst material and on the outlet side made of pure or chrome-plated Copper or something like it a weak pre-oxidation of fuel molecules causing Catalvsatorstoff exist. 5. Carburetor according to one of claims ι to 4, characterized in that the Catalyst and optionally also the mixer into two separate parts (41, 42; 25, 38), namely one for regular operation and one for reduced Load, each catalytic converter with its own spray nozzle (1, 55), and that Mixer pipe (26) for regular load with a throttle valve (29) behind which the Mixer pipe (39) opens for reduced load. 6. \ ^r gasifier according to one of the claims ι to 5, characterized in that the spray nozzle (1) of the emulsifier an enlarged space i6o) with a throttle valve (61) movable therein, which is closed by a connecting member (63) when the gas throttle is closed. For this purpose ι sheet of drawings