DE720097C - Whisker - Google Patents

Description

The main patent protects a percussion fuse with a permanently installed rear Ignition part (preferably the primer cap) and one secured by a shear means front firing part (preferably the needle bolt) the feature that the front Ignition part consists of two pieces that are either rigidly connected to each other or through the shearing means are connected and the connection is only so strong that already at Impact of the projectile on an insufficient one to stop the movement of the projectile Obstacle a decomposition takes place.

This detonator, considered by the inventor to be highly sensitive Impact detonator marked with a 'detachable' pin pin, continues to work the principle of the reaction shock and has the advantage of a particular simplicity of assembly and assembly.

In the case of detonators of this design, which has meanwhile been improved several times, it hits the ground the bottom of the needle to the inside of the fuse under the action of the projectile impact not the effect, the primer cap, as with the known detonators of a similar type to puncture immediately. Rather, the effect here consists exclusively in the To bring the head of this needle bolt into contact with a shoulder in the detonator, who accelerates 'with' a certain residual speed, has the purpose of a collision to dismantle the needle bolt with this head, so by the persistence of the head of the shaft of the Separate the pin bolt. This is so to speak with its tip in the guide channel, that ends at the primer, hung up; the primer follows its path and hits the tip of the pin bolt, causing the igniter to ignite.

The additional invention relates to a further improved embodiment of a such detonator, which has the advantage of an even more extensive weight reduction.

to achieve the pin bolt, and also offers the further advantage of that the action of the detonator is facilitated, even in the event that the impact takes place against a goal that is more or less elastic or softer is. The overall effect of these improvements is that of sensitivity in all cases of the igniter is increased significantly ίο.

According to the invention, this is to be achieved in that, in the case of an impact fuse with a lightweight, detachable needle bolt in the shape of a nail with a wide, thin head according to the main patent the needle bolt head plate is elastic and its outer edge is connected in a known manner to the front part of the detonator that it hermetically seals it. In suitable cases, the pin bolt head for the purpose, both its deformation on impact and its decomposition, which takes place at the moment of the reaction shock and the purpose of causing the pin bolt parts to separate from each other is to facilitate weaknesses in one or more places exhibit.

To ensure safety during launch and during a certain part of the flight time can be reached between the pin head and the stop surface of the detonator turn on a known compressible or disengageable spacer.

In certain cases, the disengagement of the spacer, e.g. B. a melting disk, be done by heating due to the friction between the projectile and air, a measure that z. B. in the American Patent specification 767 543 is already used, but with the difference that there the heating came from the powder gases.

About the activation of the detonator even when it hits an obstacle of less Dense or a compressible or elastic target, such as herb or To secure moss, the needle bolt or head is arched like a pop-lid, or one secures him by such a destructible auxiliary element that through after the impact this measure has a sudden relaxation, relaxation effect, as a result of which the action shock is achieved because of the lack of intrinsic resistance of the obstacle at the target could make insufficient. In itself is the pop-lid-like attachment of the pin bolt z. B. by the American patent 1385610 already proposed.

In the drawing, for example, are various embodiments of the invention Fig. I, 2 and 3 show schematically in a vertical section through the central axis the first embodiment in drc-i different operative positions,

Fig. 4 and 5 in view from above and in section V-V of Fig. 4 a needle bolt,

Fig. 6 in axial section an embodiment with a compressible Lock washer,

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment with a safety device that can be disengaged under the action of heat. Fig. 8 and 9 the first two levels of action of a detonator with additional relaxation,

Fig. Io to 13 four different embodiments with fragile auxiliary elements,

Fig. 14 and 15 two embodiments with overloaded shaft,

Fig. 16 an embodiment in which the installation of the needle bolt head is simplified, Fig. 17 the same embodiment with a head,

Fig. 18 and 19 show two needle bolts in partially sectioned diagrammatic representation. The detonator of Fig. 1 has a needle pin I, which has the shape of a nail, the head 2 of which, wide, thin and elastic, is supported on an annular shoulder 3 in the detonator body 4 and in any way, for example by a wreath of varnish or putty 5, is held. An intermediate space e is provided between the head 2 and the beginning of the needle channel 6, at the rear end of which the primer 7 is arranged.

As shown in Fig. 2, the first effect of the impact of the projectile is that the needle bolt is thrown back in the direction of the primer, with a corresponding deformation of the head 2 takes place. However, this movement is in and of itself insufficient to puncture the primer cap because the distance a ″ between the support surface 8 and the primer cap is a little greater than or at least equal to the length of the needle bolt.

The piercing takes place according to the principle of the demountable needle bolt only through the Severing the pin from his head, a process that happened in the moment takes place when the pin head comes to rest on the surface 8 and thereby receives a reaction shock sufficient to achieve the tear off, such as from Fig. 3 can be seen.

To increase the sensitivity of the detonator and its initial elastic To facilitate deformation, needle bolt head 2 can be used as shown in Fig. 4 and 5

by equipping it with cutouts 9, their weakening effect also the attachment by the arrangement of an additional outer edge 'io is balanced.

In general, the safety when firing is adequately guaranteed by that at this moment the reaction shock required for piercing the detonator is, practically cannot occur. Under the influence of the changing acceleration the needle bolt head deforms progressively; by hitting the surface 8 is prevented from deforming before the needle pin hits the primer has reached, and later it automatically returns to its original position through elasticity back, that is, to the position it has to assume when it hits, so that the detonator comes into effect properly.

However, if you want to provide additional security, you can have a facility as shown in Fig. 6 and 7. At the first of these facilities is a compressible between the pin head 2 and the throat 8 of the detonator Disc 11 used, which is made of a sponge-like material is, for example made of blotting paper, felt or the like. That of the elastic deformation of the pin bolt head easily resist, but can also condense sufficiently when compressed is to play the role of the surface 8 at the impact, so that now this disc itself as an abutment is used to generate the reaction shock that causes the dismantling of the pinhole evokes.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 7, a disengageable safety disk 12 is provided, which, like the one previously described, prevents deformation of the pin head when the shot is fired. she can consist of a mixture or an alloy that tinter the effect melts easily from heat, such as the preparation known under the name Darcet; the melted safety disc is removed by the heat generated by the air resistance will. You can also use a safety disc, which is under the effect the centrifugal force disengages, with its parts flowing out into the cavity 13.

If you want to get a fuse that automatically becomes ineffective at the end of a certain flight time after being fired, for example to prevent accidents on the ground during anti-aircraft shooting, you can make the shoulder 3 from an easily meltable material 32 (Fig. 7), whose disappearance by Elimination of the distance e (Fig. 1) makes the action of the detonator practically impossible.

It is also possible to use conductive cores 23 (Fig. 7) made of a metal suitable for this purpose (e.g. sodium) and designed to carry the heat generated by the friction of the air on the outer wall of the detonator up to the vicinity of the primer to advance. If this heating is sufficient, the primer ignites automatically and causes the bullet to disintegrate.

When the target is soft, the response is often insufficient to prompt immediately after Impact to cause the reaction shock against surface 8, which is necessary to bring about the dismantling of the pin bolt. It is therefore advisable to have a Provide additional means to reduce the drag of the target as a result of a process of relaxation converts it into a lively reaction that leads to a Reaction impact against the surface S, which is sufficient to dismantle the pin bolt.

One of the devices shown in Fig. 8 can be used for this purpose through 13 are shown.

With the device according to Fig. 8 and 9, the needle bolt head is curved Shape that enables it to withstand a slight pressure, but which, if the Pressure increases, leading to a sudden deformation, the convex shape 14 into the concave Form 15 passes.

The size of the distance e must be chosen so that the impact against the surface 8 occurs at the moment of the deformation.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 10 there is a Disc 16 made of fragile material with medium resistance must be, such as glass, rubber lacquer or the like. This disc resists when it hits a soft obstacle, until it is compressed enough and offers sufficient resistance to breaking the pane. The fraction 1 to the disc then occurs suddenly and allows the accumulated energy in sufficient Way to affect the needle bolt.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 11, a cone 17 is made of fragile material inserted between the needle bolt head and the surface 8.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 12, the needle bolt is temporarily through a steel needle 18 held back, which suddenly breaks off when the steadily increasing

Pressure on the pin head has assumed a sufficient size.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 13, the needle bolt is temporarily through one of a spring 20 loaded spherical restrained.

Theoretically, the relaxation effect achieved here should not be sufficient, however it has been shown that a sufficient effect occurs in practice.

Incidentally, the same relaxation effect is partly produced in all cases by the compressed air cushion which forms in the depression 30 which is formed by the protruding front face 31 of the igniter. This pressurized air also contributes to the insertion of the pin shaft in the same way as a solid element. The embodiments according to Figs. 14 and 15 correspond to the case in which the detonator comes into effect even at low residual speeds. In this case, it is necessary to increase the weight of the pin bolt. It thereby reduces a w ^r enig the sensitivity of the detonator, but it simultaneously increases the safety of the effect.

In order to achieve the required increase in weight, you can use the Screw on the needle bolt shaft an additional mass 21 which has a smaller diameter must have than channel 6, if one does not prefer it, according to Fig. 15 to apply an additional mass 23 to the threaded part 22 of the shaft and at the same time to give the channel 6 a frustoconical longitudinal section 24, which the displacement the mass 23 facilitated.

If you want to simplify the manufacture of the detonator, you can use a version select as shown in Fig. 16. With this one uses a needle punch with a convex Head, the edges of the head resting directly on the surface 8 and there is sufficient play between the edge of the Head and the wall 25 of the fuse head is provided to flatten the fuse head on impact without hindering contact with this part of the wall. In this case there is no relaxation effect up, but the force with which the pin head is pressed against surface 8 when the bullet hits, is sufficient to produce the necessary decomposition.

If you want to make the impact on the needle bolt even stronger, a rigid disk 26 (Fig. 17) can be placed in front of it, which acts on the needle bolt by counter-impact, similar to what happens between an immobile mass and a movable mass, which encounters them. After the impact, it is the previously immobile mass that moves, while the moving mass is stopped or at least loses the greater part of its vital force or gives it to the previously immobile mass.

The shock produced in this way is sufficient to puncture the detonator. On the other hand, the plate 26 protects the needle bolt during handling of the bullet.

In Fig. 18 is partially in Section of a needle bolt shown, the head of which shows a Yerschwächungsnut 27, which his To facilitate separation at the moment of the rollover.

A similar construction is shown in Fig. 19, where the head shows the weakened edge 28, which serves the same purposes.

Claims (5)

Patent claims: 1. Impact detonator with a detachable needle pin of light weight in the form of a nail with a wide, thin head according to patent 641452, characterized in that the needle pin head plate (2) is elastic and its outer edge is connected in a known manner to the front part of the detonator body (4.1 that it hermetically seals it. 2. igniter according to claim i, characterized in that the needle bolt head (2 ι has weakened areas. 3. igniter according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that a known 10c compressible or disengageable spacer (11, 12 ι is inserted between the needle bolt head (2) and the stop surface ('8) of the igniter. 4. igniter according to claim 3, characterized in that the disengagement of the Spacer (z. B. the melting disk 12 j by heating due to friction takes place between the projectile and the air. 5. Detonator according to claim 1 to 4 for bombarding targets of low density (compressible, elastic or the like>, no characterized in that the needle bolt head (2, Fig. 8, 9, like a pop-up cover domed or with a fragile auxiliary organ (disc 16, fig. 10; cone 17, Fig. 11; Steel needle 18, Fig. 12) secured is. 1 sheet of drawings REIiLLV. ΓιΕηΙΪΓΓΚΓ IN 'Βί ·: ϊ)