DE71677C - The use of sugar compounds from aluminum, iron or chromium as a pickling agent in dyeing and printing - Google Patents
The use of sugar compounds from aluminum, iron or chromium as a pickling agent in dyeing and printingInfo
- Publication number
- DE71677C DE71677C DENDAT71677D DE71677DA DE71677C DE 71677 C DE71677 C DE 71677C DE NDAT71677 D DENDAT71677 D DE NDAT71677D DE 71677D A DE71677D A DE 71677DA DE 71677 C DE71677 C DE 71677C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- sugar
- chromium
- dyeing
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 22
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 20
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004043 dyeing Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GVCGWXSZNUOTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfo cyanate Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)OC#N GVCGWXSZNUOTDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium monoxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H Aluminium sulfate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 alkaline earth metal sulfate Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alizarin Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=C(O)C(O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RGCKGOZRHPZPFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N D-Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N D-sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960004793 Sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000001243 acetic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HFVAFDPGUJEFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M alizarin red S Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C2=C1C=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(O)=C2O HFVAFDPGUJEFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Natural products CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DSLZVSRJTYRBFB-LLEIAEIESA-L D-glucarate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O DSLZVSRJTYRBFB-LLEIAEIESA-L 0.000 description 1
- MMIJAPCSAQYSSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[O-2].[Cr+4] Chemical compound S(=O)(=O)([O-])[O-].[O-2].[Cr+4] MMIJAPCSAQYSSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-GDQSFJPYSA-N Sucrose Natural products O([C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](CO)O1)[C@@]1(CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-GDQSFJPYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011054 acetic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940009827 aluminum acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(0) Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001175 calcium sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001845 chromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxyalumanyl acetate Chemical compound [Al+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O WCOATMADISNSBV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229940032950 ferric sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000834 fixative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002506 iron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000460 iron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate heptahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SURQXAFEQWPFPV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013379 molasses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 1
- PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N triolein Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(OC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC)COC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC PHYFQTYBJUILEZ-IUPFWZBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N β-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06P—DYEING OR PRINTING TEXTILES; DYEING LEATHER, FURS OR SOLID MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES IN ANY FORM
- D06P1/00—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed
- D06P1/36—General processes of dyeing or printing textiles, or general processes of dyeing leather, furs, or solid macromolecular substances in any form, classified according to the dyes, pigments, or auxiliary substances employed using mordant dyes ; using metallisable dyes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Coloring (AREA)
Description
KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL
PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.
PATENTSCHRIFTPATENT LETTERING
beim Färben und Drucken.in dyeing and printing.
Patentirt im Deutschen Reiche vom 10. November 1892 ab.Patented in the German Empire on November 10, 1892.
Vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Anwendung bezw. Herstellung eines Beizmittels für Färbezwecke, welches eine Aluminium-, Eisen- oder Chromverbindung enthält und besser zum Färben und Drucken geeignet ist, als die bisher angewendeten Sulfate, Chloride, Nitrate, Acetate, Oxalate, Tartrate, Citrate und Sulfocyanate dieser Metalle.The present invention relates to the application BEZW. Production of a mordant for dyeing purposes, which contains an aluminum, iron or chromium compound and is better suited for dyeing and printing than before applied sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, acetates, oxalates, tartrates, citrates and sulfocyanates these metals.
Die Beizmittel der vorliegenden Erfindung enthalten als wesentlichen Bestandtheil eine Zuckerverbindung (so z. B. ein Saccharat oder Glykosat) von Aluminium, Eisen oder Chrom, entweder für sich oder in Verbindung mit einem anderen Salz dieser Metalle.The mordants of the present invention contain as an essential ingredient one Sugar compound (such as a saccharate or glycosate) of aluminum, iron or chromium, either on its own or in conjunction with another salt of these metals.
Man erzeugt die Zuckerverbindung des betreffenden Metalles, indem man zur Lösung einer Erdalkali-Zuckerverbindung (des Calciums, Bariums, Strontiums, wie etwaOne creates the sugar compound of the metal in question by going to the solution an alkaline earth sugar compound (calcium, barium, strontium, such as
C12H22O11 -7.CaO oder C12 Hi2 O11 · 3CaO)
das Sulfat des betreffenden Metalles zusetzt, wobei Erdalkalisulfat unter Bildung der Zuckerverbindung
des Metalles ausgefällt wird.C 12 H 22 O 11 -7.CaO or C 12 H i2 O 11 · 3CaO)
the sulfate of the metal in question is added, alkaline earth metal sulfate being precipitated to form the sugar compound of the metal.
Zur Bildung der Erdalkali-Zuckerverbindung (Kalk soll in Nachstehendem immer als Beispiel gelten) wird aus Zucker, Syrup, Melasse oder dergleichen eine Lösung von etwa 1,15 spec. Gew. hergestellt und dieselbe mit einer aus gebranntem Kalk und vortheilhaft heifsem oder kochendem Wasser bereiteten Kalkmilch zusammengemischt, wobei sich in beträchtlichem Mafse Wärme entwickelt, was ein ferneres Erhitzen der Mischung unnöthig macht. Der hierbei entstehende Zuckerkalk besitzt mehr oder weniger braune Farbe.For the formation of the alkaline earth sugar compound (lime is always used as an example in the following apply) a solution of about 1.15 spec. is made from sugar, syrup, molasses or the like. Weight produced and the same with one made of quick lime and advantageously prepared with hot or boiling water Milk of lime mixed together, developing a considerable amount of heat, which makes further heating of the mixture unnecessary. The resulting sugar lime has a more or less brown color.
Zur Herstellung der Thonerde-Zuckerverbindung fügt man zu dem Zuckerkalk Aluminiumsulfat, von welchem man 9 Theile auf 8 Theile Zucker rechnet. Wird eine basischere Zuckerverbindung beabsichtigt, so verwendet man statt 9 Theile 11 Theile Aluminiumsulfat und macht vorher durch Zusatz von 1J3 Theil Kalk die Lösung basisch.To prepare the alumina-sugar compound, aluminum sulphate is added to the sugar lime, of which 9 parts to 8 parts of sugar are calculated. If a more basic sugar compound is intended, 11 parts of aluminum sulphate are used instead of 9 parts, and the solution is made basic beforehand by adding 1 and 3 parts of lime.
Soll Eisenoxydul-Zuckerverbindung hergestellt werden, so verwendet man statt der angegebenen Menge Thonerdesulfat 1 1 Gewichtstheile Eisenvitriol, und zur Herstellung der Eisenoxyd-Zuckerverbindung die entsprechende Menge Ferrisulfat; für die Chromoxyd-Zuckerverbindung . benutzt man statt dessen etwa ι ο bis 12 Gewichtstheile Chromoxydsulfat oder die äquivalente Menge Chromalaun, je nach dem Gehalt dieser Sulfate an Schwefelsäure.If iron oxide / sugar compound is to be produced, use is made instead of the one given Amount of clay sulfate 1 1 part by weight of iron vitriol, and the appropriate amount for the production of the iron oxide-sugar compound Ferric sulfate; for the chromium oxide sugar compound. one uses about ι ο bis instead 12 parts by weight of chromium oxide sulfate or the equivalent amount of chromium alum, as the case may be Sulfuric acid content of these sulphates.
In allen diesen Fällen kann man neutrale oder basische Sulfate benutzen, je nachdem Zuckerverbindungen von weniger oder mehr basischem Charakter zur Benutzung gelangen sollen.In all of these cases, neutral or basic sulfates can be used, as the case may be Sugar compounds of less or more basic character come to use should.
Die angegebenen Mengenverhältnisse gehören nicht zum Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung, haben sich jedoch als zweckentsprechend erwiesen.The specified proportions do not belong to the subject of the present invention, however, have proven to be appropriate.
Bei dieser Herstellungsweise erhält man einen Niederschlag von Calciumsulfat, von welchem die die metallische Zuckerverbindung enthaltende Lösung durch Decantiren oder Filtriren und Auswaschen getrennt werden kann.With this method of preparation a precipitate of calcium sulphate is obtained, of which the solution containing the metallic sugar compound by decanting or filtering and Wash out can be separated.
Wenn eine metallische Zuckerverbindung mit dem geringsten Gehalt an färbenden Extractstorfen erhalten werden soll, so wendet manWhen a metallic sugar compound is found with the lowest content of coloring extract is to be obtained, one turns
zur Erzeugung des Zuckerkalks Rohrzucker oder Glykose an, oder man kocht auch den Rohrzucker zu seiner Umwandlung in Traubenzucker zunächst mit etwa '/30 seines' Gewichts an Schwefelsäure.for generating the Zuckerkalks sucrose or glucose in, or is first boiled and the cane sugar to convert it to glucose with about '/ 30 of its' weight of sulfuric acid.
Diese Zuckerverbindungen bieten vor anderen bisher benutzten Beizmitteln erhebliche Vortheile, wie nachstehend erläutert werden soll.These sugar compounds offer considerable advantages over other dressing agents previously used, as will be explained below.
1. Sie sind im Stande, auf der Faser die Metallbase in einer Form niederzuschlagen, ' welche zur Bildung von Farblacken gegenüber den bekannten Beizmitteln viel geeigneter ist; so kann man bei Benutzung der beschriebenen Thonerde - Zuckerverbindung , welche basisch gemacht und mit der gleichen Menge Aluminiumacetat, welches etwas Aluminiumsulfat enthält, gemischt ist, eine gleich tiefe Farbe mit 25 bis 30 pCt. weniger Alizarin erzeugen, als durch Verwendung des gewöhnlichen Acetats, eventuell in. Mischung mit dem Sulfat desselben.1. You are able to deposit the metal base on the fiber in a form 'Which is much more suitable for the formation of colored lacquers than the known mordants; so you can use the described clay - sugar compound, which is basic made and with the same amount of aluminum acetate, which some aluminum sulfate contains, is mixed, an equally deep color with 25 to 30 pCt. produce less alizarin, than by using the usual acetate, possibly mixed with the sulfate same.
2. Sie sind frei von schädlichen Verunreinigungen, so von empyreumatischen und theerigen Producten, welche in den bisher im allgemeinen benutzten gewöhnlichen essigsauren bezw. holzessigsauren Salzen der genannten Metalle, dagegen nicht in den Salzen vorkommen, aus welchen, wie oben beschrieben, die Zuckerverbindungen hergestellt werden.2. They are free from harmful impurities, such as empyreumatic and tarry Products which are found in the usual acetic acids or wood acetic acids Salts of the metals mentioned, on the other hand, do not occur in the salts from which, as described above, the sugar compounds getting produced.
3. Sie können mit geringeren Kosten gewonnen werden als die Acetate bezw. Mischungen der Acetate und Sulfate derselben oder als Verbindungen, welche aus einer organischen Säure und einer Metallbase bestehen, und als andere Beizstoffe.3. They can be obtained at a lower cost than the acetates respectively. Mixtures of the acetates and sulfates of the same or as compounds consisting of an organic Acid and a metal base exist, and as other pickling materials.
Da diese Zuckerverbindungen keine sauren Beizstoffe sind und durch Dampf zersetzt werden können, so kann man sie bei ihrer Verwendung mit Ole'in, Alizarin oder löslichem OeI mischen, ohne das OeI zu zersetzen, und zu solchem Gemisch die Farbstoffe zusetzen, hiermit das Fasermaterial imprägniren oder bedrucken und dann einfach durch Dämpfen des Fasermaterials die Masse zersetzen und die Farbe fixiren. Hierdurch ist man der Nothwendigkeit überhoben, vor dem Drucken, Färben oder vor der Mischung des Beizmittels mit dem Farbstoff das zu färbende Fasermaterial mit Ole'in zu behandeln.Since these sugar compounds are not acidic pickling substances and are decomposed by steam they can be used with olein, alizarin or soluble Mix the oil without decomposing the oil, and add the dyes to such a mixture, hereby impregnate or print the fiber material and then simply by steaming the Fiber material decompose the mass and fix the color. This makes one of necessity raised, before printing, dyeing or before mixing the mordant with the dye, the fiber material to be dyed to treat with ole'in.
Ein fernerer Vortheil, welcher durch den nichtsauren Charakter der beschriebenen Zuckerverbindungen aus der Anwendung derselben als Beizmittel erwächst, besteht darin, dafs die Metalltheile der Druckmaschinen, wie Färbwalzen , Druckwalzen u. s. w., welche mit der Beize in Berührung kommen, nicht leiden oder angegriffen werden. Auch kann der Säuregehalt saurer Beizmittel durch Anwendung der genannten Zuckerverbindungen herabgemindert werden.Another advantage which comes from the non-acidic character of the sugar compounds described from the use of the same as a pickling agent, it consists in the metal parts of the printing machines, like inking rollers , Pressure rollers, etc., which come into contact with the stain, do not suffer or to be attacked. The acidity of acidic pickling agents can also be adjusted by applying the named sugar compounds are reduced.
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE71677C true DE71677C (en) |
Family
ID=344963
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DENDAT71677D Expired - Lifetime DE71677C (en) | The use of sugar compounds from aluminum, iron or chromium as a pickling agent in dyeing and printing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE71677C (en) |
-
0
- DE DENDAT71677D patent/DE71677C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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