DE7130940U - Wig, hairpiece or the like - Google Patents

Description

FATEN ADVOCATE

DR. W. SCHALK DIPL-ING. P. Wl RTH DIPL-ING. C. DAN N EN BERG DR. V. SCHMIED-KOWARZIK. · DR. P. WEI N HOLD · DR. D. CU DEL

6 FRANKFURT AM MAIN

CR. ESCHENHEIMER STRAtSE 3 »

November 8, 1971 G 71 30 940.5

There / is Case F 1471

HL 33323

Ideal Wig Company, Inc. 38 Pearl Street, New York, N.Y., USA

Wig, hairpiece or the like \

The invention relates to wigs, toupees or other hair pieces and a method for their production and relates refer in particular to such synthetic fiber hair replacements.

The art of wig making is relatively old and has seen various developments. One of these developments relates to the use of synthetic fibers instead of natural hair, with which, although satisfactory results can be achieved, but which poses problems in several respects.

Namely, natural hair comes in a large number of colors, and to this in different qualities and different forms. It must come from the most diverse, across all continents scattered sources are collected, and it is then necessary taking into account color, quality and

Form to create suitable compositions and mixtures. The collection of natural hair of various origins and the

Loose hair will have a significant impact on the cost. Numerous efforts have therefore been made to obtain natural hair in this way to replace with synthetic fibers that quality, shape and color can be adjusted as desired and the material of his Origin is easier to reach.

Three types of fibers are currently being used. used quite successfully for wigs, namely modacrylic fibers (modacrylics), Fibers made from polyvinyl chloride and polychal or copolymers made from vinyl chloride with vinyl alcohol. These synthetic fibers are all fire-resistant and have good handling, combing, brushing and machine chimney properties. Carding. The one under the dog <? ! «Η«! «Βϊΐ Dvn <? L from the company Union Carbide Corporation manufactured modacrylic fiber has special good properties in terms of the formation of waves and Curls that are very permanent. Other suitable modacrylic fibers are, for example, those manufactured under the trade names Kanekalon ( by Kanegafuchi Chem. Co.), Teklan (manufactured by Courtaulds Ltd.) and Verel (manufactured by from Eastman Kodak). The fiber known under the trade name Veniceion (manufactured by Chatillon) is a polyvinyl chloride fiber as well as those known under the trade names Seflore, Alrfull and Cordeion (manufactured from Kohjin Chemical Co.). Modacrylic fibers are synthetic fibers in which the fiber-forming component is any long chain of synthetic polymer, but less than 85% by weight at least :: 35% of acrylonitrile units of the formula (-CHp-CH-)

• CN

with certain exceptions. These fibers soften at low temperatures and are elastic, easy to dye, resistant to abrasion, resistant to acids and alkalis as well as dimensionally stable.

With synthetic fibers in a specific mode of treatment may be required when used for the production of wigs. For example, modacrylic fibers require a heat treatment of about SO -, if they are processed in a wig to a desired corrugation to assume 100 ⁰ C and maintain. In addition , such fibers should not be exposed to certain stresses after the heat treatment, since otherwise they tend to curl or acquire other undesirable properties.

Because the synthetic fibers in hand-knotted wigs should not be exposed to any tension after they have been treated with heat, the heat treatment has only been carried out until they have been tied to the corresponding base. The reason for this is that the type of knot formation used heretofore requires pulling the entire fiber through a knot loop in which the fiber is stressed in a manner which leads to puckering and should therefore be avoided. As a result, current post heat treatment methods result in a product in which the portion of the fiber adjacent to the backing has not been properly heat treated .

The book "Manual of Wigmaking" by M. Botham and L. Sharrad, Punk & Wagnalls 1964, New York, is a good reference work on wig making. It shows and describes the simple and double knotting by means of which natural and synthetic hair are attached to a net base. In this knotting process, the natural or synthetic hair is pulled through a loop or through a loop put through a loop essentially over its entire length in order to form the knot. This process requirement causes the crimping and requires the subsequent heat treatment.

Another difficulty as a result of the foregoing. The method is that the cap-like documents must consist of a plurality of individual pieces that are subsequently be connected to each other. The reason for this is that when the hair or fibers are not long enough to wound individually on a roll to be grounded, the fibers together with the underlay for the heat treatment on a roll have to be wrapped and that is only possible if the base consists of individual pieces. As a result, surrendered However, there are unsightly and possibly uncomfortable seams that should be avoided for practical purposes.

A typical use of Dynel is described in U.S. Patents 3,139,093 and 3,199,516 to D. Fishman, in which the fibers are first attached to the base and then treated with heat. Otherwise in these patents The method described differs from the present invention, as described below, in that that a circular knitting machine is used.

U.S. Patents 1,740,764 to E. Bong, 2,233,100 to J. Jevnikar, 3,189,035 to W. Heck, 3,307,563 to R. Regina and 3 ^ 35 831 by Nakayama, knotting techniques are described everywhere, in which the natural hair or the synthetic fibers have undesirable stresses or tensions of the aforementioned Art is exposed.

It should also be noted that the wig industry has always endeavored to adjust the angle of the hair or the synthetic fiber in relation to the wig pad.

The invention is therefore generally based on the object of creating improved wigs, hairpieces and the like, as well as a Process for their manufacture.

In particular, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved method that can be used with synthetic fibers a preferred thermal treatment of the same allows and that with respect to natural hair and synthetic fibers an improved one geometric relationship of the same to the associated base results.

The invention also creates a method which makes it possible Treat fibers so that they are covered over their entire length, including the section near the backing a corrugation can be provided.

Another advantage of the invention is that it enables Manufacture wigs from synthetic fibers with a cap-like base, the main part of which is in one piece is trained.

It is also avoided in an advantageous manner according to the invention that the fibers are knotted in such a way that they are flat lie against the base, but instead the fibers are adaptable and versatile in terms of hairstyling, because they stick out from the base in the same way as natural hair does from the scalp.

According to the invention, a wig, a hairpiece or the like is characterized with a base and attached to it synthetic fibers that each have a longer, natural hair-imitating part and a short part as well as one of these have both parts connecting node portion, characterized in that the node portion is tightened only by means of the short part and that the longer part lies outside the node portion and at least partially relative to the base is held in an upright position.

The invention also provides a method of manufacturing

of such a hair replacement that is characterized by the fact that the fibers are first subjected to a heat treatment, by means of which the longer part has wave-retaining properties and that the fibers are then tied to the base by hand, the knot only by means of the short part tightened without tensioning the longer part.

According to the invention is also used in the manufacture of a hair replacement part such as a wig, for example from a cap-like or net-like base with synthetic fibers, generally proceed so that first the fibers be subjected to a heat treatment by which they obtain a permanent corrugation, and that then the fibers on the cap-like or net-like pad can be attached by a kind of knot that stretch or strain of the greater part of each fiber, so that this greater part cHe properties imparted by the heat treatment maintains.

In particular, the invention is based on the use of a special knot that is common in wig manufacture Equipment can be tied, however, with a main part any fiber that constitutes the hair, no stress or is subject to stretching because it is neither passed through the knot nor through the base and is not pulled on it either to tighten the associated knot.

With particular regard to the knot, an end portion of each fiber is looped so that it extends from the Extend the loop from a short and a longer part, making a knot from the short part with the help of the loop is formed by having a portion of the short and longer part a loop passed through the loop form.

In this way the sling becomes in contact with the

Loop formed a self-contained figure, "arch the the short end is pushed through and then the knot is tied around the short end by pulling on this end.

As already mentioned, the heat treatment of the fibers can be done before knotting, because the longer part of each fiber is not impaired by tension or undesired stress. The fibers can therefore, for example, beforehand wound a cylinder and subjected to a heat treatment at a suitable temperature, whereupon the so pretreated Fibers removed from the cylinder and individually or linked in groups in the manner described above to the net-like or other base.

In addition to the improved method of manufacture, the invention also provides an improved product. Through the above Generally described process technology, a knot is formed, which causes the associated fiber from the Underlay protrudes approximately at a right angle. Therefore, the artificial hair stands in from the underlay belonging to it very similar to how natural hair grows on the scalp.

The invention thus enables a number of advantages, as will become even more apparent from the description of the example below will. The particular advantage is z :. note that the synthetic fibers because of the previous heat treatment on a cylinder or the like and even before the attachment to a net-like base or cap takes place, the fibers beneficial properties can be communicated as one! Curl or curl shape along their entire lengths so that they are

so do not have any straight sections in the immediate vicinity of the base. Another advantage and feature at the same time The invention is that the synthetic fibers or natural hair are in an erect state from the base extend out.

The invention is based on the drawing and compared to the prior art, for example described in more detail, namely show:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a wig according to the prior art, and that turned inside out to her Structure to show;

FIG. 2 shows a view similar to FIG. 1 of a wig or a hairpiece according to the invention; FIG.

Fig. 3a-d the technique of the known "single knotting" for attaching natural hair or synthetic fibers to a net-like base;

Fig, 4a-f the known technique of "double knotting" for Bonding of natural hair or synthetic fibers with a net-like base;

Fig. 5 shows a section through a small part of a reticulated base with which natural hair or synthetic fibers are connected in the previously known manner;

6 shows a technique of half-double knotting according to FIG Invention for connecting synthetic fibers according to the invention with a net-like one Document;

FIG. 7 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 5 in one Section approximately along line 7-7 of FIG. 2, which shows the position of the fibers achieved according to the invention shows to the base;

8 schematically shows a view through a section of a cylinder showing the arrangement of the fibers

shows for heat treatment according to the invention; and

9 is a block diagram which schematically shows the process stages when making a wig, a hairpiece or the like. illustrated according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a hairpiece or wig 10 of the type of manufacture according to the state of the art. The cap-like pad consists of two sections 12 and 14, the longitudinal a seam 16, and a number of straps are connected to the cap, for example as indicated at 16 is. Synthetic fibers are attached to both the sections of the cap and the ribbons to make natural hair imitate. One of the reasons the cap or reticulated pad is used in sections is because of it Facilitating the heat treatment of the synthetic fibers attached to it.

It has been found that the synthetic fibers, when subjected to the normal stresses and strains of bonding to the reticulated backing according to the previously known methods, these fibers curl and have other undesirable properties. It is therefore necessary when using the previously known Knüpfverfahren to establish the synthetic fibers to the backing and then be subjected to a heat treatment in order to eliminate the undesirable during the knot or knotting ens generated properties. As a result, since the fibers are already attached to the base when they are subjected to the heat treatment, it is essential that the base consists of relatively small sections which can be wound onto a cylinder provided for the corrugation for the purpose of the heat treatment.

In contrast, FIG. 2 shows a hairpiece or a wig 20 which was created according to the invention. As can be seen Here the cap consists essentially of a one-piece, net-like base 22 on which, for example, straps 24 and 26 are attached, which are covered with iransen-like areas of synthetic, hair-mimicking areas are connected, while these synthetic fibers also with the one-piece Net pad 22 are connected according to the invention.

As will be described in more detail below, the fibers are connected to the base in a manner which is a Avoids stress, particularly stretching, of the major part of each fiber and this allows the further advantage of Invention by applying a heat treatment to the synthetic fibers before these fibers are tied to the backing will. This in turn resulted in numerous advantages. First of all, the synthetic fibers can run along their entire length Subjected to heat treatment .. so that no straight Sections near the dsr underlay more arise as it is downright characteristic of the hand-knotted hair replacement parts produced according to the previously known methods. Furthermore, as will also be described in more detail below, the knotting technique according to the invention results in a more favorable one geometric relationship between the synthetic fibers imitating the hair and the one that supports them, in particular reticulated base, because the synthetic fibers are almost perpendicular to the base and not lie flat against them, as is the case with products manufactured using previously known methods, This geometrical relationship according to the invention is approximately the same as that in relation to natural hair the scalp is present, which is why this is to be seen as a particularly desirable property of the invention.

In order to improve the technical progress achieved by the invention in tying synthetic fibers to a base

To understand, it is useful to visualize how the tying has been done so far. One such known method is shown in Fig. 3a-d, which schematically shows the four stages for making a single knot of known type are.

In Fig. 3, a thread 30 of a net-like base is shown. A fiber 32 is with a longer part 34 and a short part 36 shown by folding a portion of a fiber are formed into a loop 38. The loop 38 is made with the aid of a small metal instrument or pickers, such as those commonly used in wig making, through the net and behind the Thread 30 out. This picker is then used to select the Loop 38 around the thread 30 to bend and thus form a ring 40. The picker then picks up the longer and the short one End 34 and 36 together through the ring, as indicated at 42 is. However, parts 34 and 36 are tightened completely through the ring and then firmly until the one at 44 forms nodes shown in Fig. 3d.

With this technique of tying eggs or with this one Two things happen to a single knot, which have a detrimental effect on the properties of the fiber. First up are the parts 34 and 36 pulled as a whole through the ring 40, a friction pull being applied over their entire length. Second, a tensile force is exerted on the parts 34 and 36, which is also detrimental to the properties of the synthetic fiber is. In fact, these stresses cause the fiber to curl and produce the desired properties Loses properties through which it would be able to resemble natural hair. As a result, it is unconditional required that fibers knotted in this way be subjected to a heat treatment after being tied to the Pad or wig cap.

Another prior art technique is in Γ .i: ~. 4 shown where a thread 50 of a reticulated Underlay is shown. The technique of double knotting shown here or Doppelknotens also uses the bending of a fiber 52 so that a short part 54 and a longer one Part 56 is created and, as in the above-described method of the single knot, a loop 58 is made through the pad and pulled under the thread 50. The loop 53 is then placed over the thread 50 and billet a ring 60 through which, As shown in FIG. 4c, a loop 62 is pulled from sections of both parts 54 and 56. The loop 58 forms together with the loop 62 a ring 64 and, v / he FIGS. 4d and 4e show, the parts 54 and 56 are together by the Ring 64 pulled and thereby subjected to a tensile force in order to form the knot 66 according to FIG. 4f.

The same drawbacks as the one previously described One-knot technique also results from this double-knot technique, because the synthetic fiber 52 in its entirety is subjected to both frictional tension and tensile force becomes, causing the fiber to curl and a subsequent Requires heat treatment.

Another objection to the single knot and double knot according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is illustrated in FIG. 5, where the base 70 as a whole and the fibers 72 connected to it are shown. As can be seen, the fibers have a tendency to to nestle flat against the surface, in contrast to natural hair, which extends vertically or almost vertically from the Scalp grows out.

The improved knotting technique according to the invention is explained with reference to FIGS. 6a-f, where a thread 80 of the improved reticulated pad which can be used in connection with the invention is shown. A fiber 82 is bent so that that they have a longer part 84 and a short part

86 forms. As in the known methods, a loop 88 is formed behind the thread 80 and around it placed so that a ring 90 is formed. Through this ring 90 a loop 92 is pulled, which consists of fiber sections and 96 connecting parts 84 and 86 to loop 88. This loop forms a ring 98.

In contrast to the previously used, well-known processors .., However, the longer part 84 is not drawn through the rir. ^ 98, nor is it through the pad or through any other loop or ring drawn. Instead, the short part 86 is separated from it, into a Loop is placed around loop 88 and pulled through the resulting ring 98, which is partly from loop 92 vad partly. is formed by the loop 88, the short part 86 being approximately at right angles to the long part 84.

As FIG. 6e shows, only the short part 86 is subject to a tensile force, for example in the direction through which the arrow 100 is indicated. At the same time, however, no tensile force is applied to the long part 84, nor is it subject that of any other stress. On the other hand, the short part 86 is pulled until a knot 102 according to FIG. 6f is formed. The tightening of this knot and the pulling force applied to it on the short part 86 will have an effect so on the longer part 84 that this protrudes at right angles from the thread 80, as is the schematic representation 7, compared with FIG. 5 relating to the prior art.

Fig. 7 shows a portion of the reticulated support 104 with fibers 106 which are substantially upright from the support stick out in a position at least very close to that of natural hair.

71309404612.72

Zs became upper, already the use of net-like documents mentioned. For example, a stretchable heating material is commercially available under the name "Spandex". This contains 4θ ° ί polyurethane yarn of ^ 20 denier and 60? J Kylon yarn of 70 denier and is made of an elastic warp knit made with the well-known German Karl Mayer machine. Other, especially net-like material for the base can be used, but preferably one which brings the advantages of the invention to full advantage.

For the fibers to be used according to the invention Modacrylic fibers such as "Dynel" are considered preferred. Other synthetic fibers like those mentioned at the beginning as well other types can also be used. These synthetic fibers are already in the process of being manufactured has been used by hair pieces, but not in connection with the new knotting technique according to the invention.

Figure 9 generally shows the process steps for making a wig in accordance with the invention. The first 110 labeled step is the production of fibers is _r, the known per se and is not part of the invention. Thereafter, in the process step designated by 112, the heat treatment of the synthetic fibers takes place as indicated generally in FIG. 8, where the synthetic fibers 116 are wound onto a metal cylinder 114. As the last process step, designated 118, the fibers are worked into the hairpiece or the wig.

In view of the above description can be recognize that the non-rectilinear shape of the fiber parts shown in Fig ". 6 indicates that already in this Verf Ahrenssti .f e the fiber with waves or curls over their entire length is provided. Thus the longer part 84 in FIGS. 6a-f is overall up to the thread of the substrate 30 wavy or curly, with the exception of the negligible

small part that is located within the node 102 '. The short part 66 on the other hand, which is a Frictional pull and tension as described above may be puckered. Since this short part, however does not appear externally, its condition is relatively insignificant.

So it should be noted once again that according to the invention the heat treatment of the fibers prior to their incorporation into a wig or the like takes place, this prior heat treatment is thereby made possible that a special knotting technique is used, through which the synthetic fibers can be connected to the base without the greater part of the fibers tension or tension under friction which could affect its properties. Another advantage is that the longer and short fiber parts occupy such a position that the longer parts close to the base substantially upright from this stick out.

Claims (1)

9/23/1971 - 16 - _Q ^ . ^ _{94ο> 5} Da / Kt Ideal Wig Company, Inc. Case F 1471 HL 33 323 Protection claims: 1. Wig "or hairpiece with a pad and on it attached synthetic fibers that each have a longer, natural hair-imitating part and a short part as well as having a node section connecting these two parts, characterized in that the Knot section is tightened only by means of the short part (86) and that the longer part (84) is outside the Node portion is and is held relative to the base (80) at least partially in an upright position is. 2. Wig according to claim 1, characterized in that the node portion has a loop (88) with passed through this, has ends forming a loop (92) connected to both parts (84, 86), wherein the short portion (86) extends through and is captured in the loop, and wherein the short (86) and the longer part (84) extend approximately at right angles from the node portion which however, the longer part lies outside the loop (92). Wig according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the main part of the base has the shape of an im essentially one-piece cap (22) and at least one band (24 or 26) attached to its circumference with which fibers imitating real hair are connected " - Claim 4 - 4. Wig according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the base (22) synthetic fibers are attached, which already have wave-retaining properties. 5. A wig according to claim 4, characterized in that an end portion of each fiber is formed into a loop from which relatively long and short parts proceed, and that the short part forms a knot with the loop is shaped. 6. Wig according to claim 5, characterized in that the short part with the loop with the aid of a loop is engaged, which is formed by the loop adjacent portions of the longer and the short part are passed through the smart. 7. Wig according to claim 6, characterized in that the end of the short Teila inserted through the loop, tightened and the knot Mldet, from which the longer and the short parts &'-' ■ ·. extend approximately at right angles to each other. 8. Wig according to one of claims 4-7, characterized in that the longer part with the exception of the the loop forming section -, left outside the loop and not pulled through the loop is. 9t wig according ei ¹ .EM of claims 4-8, wherein the pad is formed of ₄ uaschenmaterial, characterized • · · ψ * ♦ - 18 - InSt cLsß dis SCiiisuisn in ciss material in, around it and pulled back in again before the short pieces are engaged with the loops. Patent attorney: