DE7115002U - Toothed tool - Google Patents

Description

Toothed tool

The innovation relates to a for the processing of a

<gear-like

1 tool suitable for a certain gear by rolling, Whose tooth flanks are each provided with at least one recess (groove), which the tooth flanks in protruding Flank parts (web) and receding flank parts (groove base) divided, in which the transitions (edges) between the protruding and receding flank parts on the successive tool teeth none by at least half the tool cuff size Follow an uninterrupted helical line from tooth to tooth, whereby the number of workpiece teeth is a whole Multiples of a whole divisor of the number of tool teeth differ by more than 1.

If it is stated above that the innovation only applies to tools in which the transitions (edges) between the protruding and receding flank parts on the successive Werk! ", Eugzähnen none helical line uninterrupted by at least half the tool circumference from tooth to tooth follow, it is meant to say that tools avis are closed are where these helices are proportionate follow a small lead angle. In other words, where the pitch angle is less than is about 4p °. Or to put it another way, the tools should be excluded, in which the teeth from one beginning of such a helix to the next beginning the number exceeds ten. In contrast, the transitions (edges) can be

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-ζ- ■ ..

of the invention lie in an inclined line running from tooth to tooth, but which has a very small helix angle (lielix ansle) ^ edoc-h. have a very large lead angle .

The axes of the workpiece and tool can be calibrated at a distance cross, as with gear scraping, they can also be parallel, as with gear rolling.

A shaving wheel suitable for machining a certain gear / by rolling with crossed axes is already known, the cutting grooves of which are arranged on the successive teeth to form helical lines with a pitch of a groove pitch or a whole multiple thereof, namely in such a way that a length of this helical line, which corresponds to the pitch in the amount of a whole multiple (including l) of a groove pitch, is measured according to a "group number" called shaving gear number, which has no common divisor with the number of workpiece teeth, the number of shaving gear teeth s- is a whole multiple of the number of group teeth. It is also known to dimension a whole multiple or a whole divisor of the number of group teeth by one different from the number of workpiece teeth. This ensures that the shavings line up on the workpiece tooth flanks without any gaps. With this design of the shaving wheel, the choice of the number of tool teeth is limited, ie the number of workpiece teeth prescribes a selection of tool teeth numbers, which can be a hindrance to tool manufacture. (DT-PS 1 152 59?)

In another known shaving wheel, the range of available tool teeth counts is expanded in that the shaving wheel-

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^Γ ο ^{; Π}

teeth are summarized in groups, which have helical lines with different helix angles «(DT-PS 1 202 Ο96)

Ea is further known fei "shaving cutter, at least three levels are provided side by side in which for the length magnitude of a groove pitch of a cutting edge to the adjacent on the same tooth flank of the cutting edge, which are associated with teeth each a group dei-on cutting edges lie in these planes wherein the group numbers of teeth. is a whole divisor of the scraping (radzähnezahl and wherein the shaving cutter number of teeth is an integer multiple of the workpiece number of teeth. (DT-PS 1 271 50 V '

Since the limitation of the number of teeth for the production of the tool is a hindrance, a number of teeth has already been inserted between the groups in known Schabrad.ern whose cutting grooves are arranged as desired. For example, in the case of shaving wheels with grooves arranged in helical lines, additional teeth can be provided, the grooves of which lie in one plane with those of an adjacent tooth. This design represents ζ rar a ^. Supplement to the tools described above, but there are

also no complete freedom in the choice of the number of tool teeth. (DT-PS 1 199 101, 1 2 88 4O6) The innovation is the task based on creating a system of grooving of toothed tools, in which there are no restrictions in the design of the tool the tool tooth numbers are available. In particular, it should also be possible to use prime numbers, but this is guaranteed should be that they are on every workpiece tooth! Line up the individual chip removals in an orderly fashion. If in exceptional cases Jumps in the series of chip removal are unavoidable

should be, the invention should ensure that this L J

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are of secondary importance, i.e. affect the quality have practically no effect on the workpiece surface.

The task on which the innovation is based is achieved by that at least on most of the teeth of the tool, the recesses (grooves) are arranged so that each after one Number of tool teeth, which equals the number of teeth on the workpiece or a whole multiple thereof, the transitions (edges) are offset by one step. Usually the ver. depressions, grooves and the transitions, edges. With shaving wheels is that even the Hegel. In tools for fine rolling (rolling) of gears, the teeth can protrude and wave-shaped have recessed flank parts.

If it has been described above, at least most of the tool teeth are designed according to the innovation so is for gear-like To understand tools by this, O.ass when counting the number of workpiece teeth on the tool teeth around the tool to move the transitions (edges) by one step at a time, the last step from the last workpiece tooth back to first tool tooth in its size does not correspond to all other steps but can be of any size. The one described above The design rule therefore applies from the first to the last tool tooth, not from the last tool tooth to the first Tool tooth at equ. rather counting direction,

According to an advantageous embodiment of the innovation, the tool is to be designed so that the depressions on all tool teeth (Grooves) are arranged so that each after a number of tool teeth, the number of workpiece teeth or a the transitions (edges) around one

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Step are offset.

The invention can be particularly advantageous for gear-shaped tools proved to be further developed in such a way that the sum of the sizes of the steps after one revolution of the tool is equal to a division of the grooves or a whole multiple thereof. This is the sum of the steps that are meant results when the same combination of workpiece and tool teeth meet a second time; if, for example, with workpiece tooth "1" and Vverkzeugzahn "1" are started with the counting, the said total is reached when the teeth a second time "1" and "1" coincide.

The innovation is advantageously developed further to the effect that that the sizes of the steps are different from one another. In contrast to the prior art described above,

even
the tool according to the innovation y ^ be a prime number. Gear-like tools with prime tooth numbers are known and also common. What is new, however, are tools with numbers of prime teeth in which the recesses are arranged according to a system tailored to the workpiece.

Further advantages and features emerge from the following description emerged.

The innovation is explained on the basis of exemplary embodiments, which are described in connection with FIGS. 1 to 7.

Fig. 1 shows the pairing of a workpiece with a gear-like Tool from one face,

FIG. 2 shows the workpiece-tool pair according to FIG. I _1, the axes of which intersect. The arrangement of the grooves in the tool teeth shows no details of the

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.6. . · ■ ■ ί Innovation.

3 shows a tooth of a tool on an enlarged scale after the innovation from one face.

Fig. 'I shows schematically the arrangement of the depressions, here

or groove edges grooves, or the transition "e * yf" here edges, on one

gear-like tool according to the innovation. The scheme shows a developed tool; from each tooth is always drawn only one flank as a section along the line VI-VI in Fig. 3, wherein the representation is limited to either only one groove and one web or only one edge.

5 shows another embodiment in a corresponding diagram the innovation.

Fig. 6 shows a further three-dimensional shape.
Fig. 7 shows a further three-dimensional shape.

In order to facilitate understanding of the following description, a definition of the symbols and a compilation of the used relationships.

Z ₁ s number of teeth of the workpiece, at the same time ordinal numbers of the teeth.

Zg s number of teeth of the tool

Zg ¹ = number of teeth on the tool, each counted from tooth 1 ' , which are covered when the workpiece is rolled on the tool, for example if the tooth

1 of the workpiece has touched the tool η times. Simultaneously, the ordinal of the tool teeth successively a particular workpiece tooth, Z _n as tooth 1

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-7-touch.

g = number of groups, see the corresponding equation at the end of this list of definitions.

η = number of contacts on a certain workpiece tooth, e.g. of tooth 1.

r = ordinal number of the levels in which the steps t staggered transitions or i) v cränder (edges of the grooves) at the same time the serial number of the generation groups.

or slot edges T = slot pitch = distance of a transition V (edge) from the next identical transition (edge) on the same tooth flank.

t = step = distance (parallel to the longitudinal extension of the

or slot edges of the teeth measured) of the transition Y (edge) of a tool tooth,

e.g. 1 'associated with a particular workpiece tooth, e.g.

or nut edge

1 combs, from the next transition Y * (Kan ~ te) of the tool tooth, e.g. 6 * in Fig. 4, the one during rolling the next time with the same workpiece tooth, e.g.

1, meets. Distance of a cut (when scraping a gear) from the adjacent cut on the same workpiece flank.

s = amount of displacement of certain transitions or groove edges (Edge).

g = number of steps t in a division T or rise to a whole multiple of it.

The following relationships apply:

S ■ T , (1)

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^Γ -β-

(nl) + 1 - Λ. Z ₂ (2)

(n-l) is to the next lower

whole number, O, 1, 2 ... round down.

(3)

B ~ ι ■ * is Aiii * diG nciclist xii

whole Zalil, 0,1,2 .... to round off.

The numbers 1 to 3 ^ are not reference numbers but ordinal numbers for example to indicate the sequence of teeth.

Figures 1 and 2 schematically show the engagement of a shaving wheel 31 in a gear 32 which is to be machined by the shaving wheel. The axes 33 «3 '± i around which the elements rotate intersect at a distance, which results in longitudinal sliding during rolling, for example in the direction of arrow 35 of the shaving gear tooth flank relative to the gear tooth flank. The teeth of the Scbabradr are provided on the flanks with a number of grooves JS , the groove edges of which form edges 37 (Fig. ^),

which decrease chips as a result of the longitudinal sliding. In Fig. 1 are the grooves mentioned are not shown, but on the other hand in FIG. 3 and in dashed lines in FIG. 3 which shows a tooth of the shaving wheel.

There is no longitudinal feed of the tool relative to the gear.

not
to bind (immersed cockroaches). So J, the edges of all tool teeth

the same flank parts of the gearwheel, on the other hand, do not work on the other parts at all, the edges are behind of the invention arranged as will be described below.

L ^J

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4β

The following applies to tools for the non-cutting shaping of tooth flanks ■ essentially the same principle.

In Fig. K , the teeth of an embodiment for a shaving wheel according to the invention are developed and plotted on an enlarged scale. Only one flank is drawn from each tooth, corresponding to the section line VI-VI in Fig. 3 · Die

Groove edges or

Equal ^ edges have a distance T (called the groove pitch) from one another on the same flank. On the different

Groove edges or

the teeth are the grooves so arranged that the ^ edges 37 are offset from one another. The shortest distance between two identical edges of different teeth is called step t . The grooves or edges are distributed on the teeth in this way. that within a groove pitch T the edges in a predetermined

Nutrander or the correct number of steps are distributed. The teeth whose / edges are in the same plane belong to the same so-called expansion groups according to the definition of this description. The grooves of all teeth belonging to the same generation group are ^{machined with the same setting of the 1} tool, e.g. comb steel. The scheme according to Fig. K shows a tool with Zg = 7 teeth, which rolls on a work wheel with ζ ^ = 5 teeth . The ordinal numbers of the teeth are in two columns on the left side of the scheme under z. = Workpiece and Z ₂ = tool applied. The associated tool tooth flanks are shown schematically or horizontally next to the ordinal numbers.

a groove edge or

j eveilsj_eine edge of these flanks. The levels in which the groove edges are located are numbered at the top of the diagram, and at the same time the order numbers of the production groups.

The consideration is based on a meeting of the workpiece

of the groove edge or tooth Z ₁ = I with the tool ^{tooth z "= I 1} with a positionJ.der

Edge 37 in the first diffraction group, ie the edge of the

L -

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Workpiece tooth 1 is machined from edge 37 in the plane of generation group 1. If one assumes that _{the next time the tooth Z 1} = 1 is to be machined in such a way that the second chip lines up with the first chip without any gaps, then the tool tooth Z ₁ a 1 must be machined the second time with an edge 38, which lies one step t next to the first edge 37, ie the edge 38 of the tool tooth z « ¹ = 1 + Z ₁ a 1 + 5 = 6 lies in generation group 2. The workpiece tooth 1 must be machined with an edge 39 for the third time which lies in the 3 · generation group, which is a further step t next to the 2nd generation group · This is the tool tooth ζ · = 1 + Z ₁ + ^ ₁ ί Since this sum exceeds the total number of tens of the tool, it is over to get the atomic number of the tool tooth, subtract the number of teeth of the tool. So it is Zg ¹ = 1 + Z ₁ + Z ₁ -ζ «= 1 + 5 + 5-7 = ^ · In general, the ordinal number of the tool teeth that are touched by the same workpiece tooth is calculated according to the equation given at the beginning ( 2). In the present exemplary embodiment, as many generation groups are provided as there are tool teeth, namely 7. Then the edges of the tool teeth Z ₂ '= I ₁ 6, 4, 2, 7, 5, 3 are each one step t apart. In the diagram, these edges are connected to one another by the dash-dotted line kO. However, this line does not mark a helical line running from tooth to tooth, since there are further tool teeth between the mentioned tool teeth, the number of which corresponds to the number of workpiece teeth. If the edges found according to the above rule are transferred to the recurring teeth in the scheme of Fig. K , it is determined with which edge the individual work-

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-11-

piece teeth are processed. Also aie between those listed above Tool teeth 1, 6, 4, etc. lying square teeth do not lie on a helical line that is uninterrupted from tooth to tooth.

Fig. 5 shows the scheme of an embodiment of the invention at

Groove edges or,,,

which the / edges 4l, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47 in generation groups are arranged, the number of which is smaller than the number of tool teeth. The edges are also distributed according to the rule of equations (2) and (3). The scheme of FIG. 5 can then be used the list below

* Generation groups
12 3 Tool-
teeth
V 1 (+ 5 =) 6 (+ 5 - a ₂ ^{=) k}
2 7 5
3

In the table above, the ordinal numbers include the Generation groups, the tool teeth can be read directly, the edges of which are in the same generation group, i.e. in the same plane lie. Since in this case teeth in each generation group: ait consecutive ordinal numbers are the edges arranged on two or three adjacent teeth in the same plane, which can also be seen in the diagram of FIG. That the Edges of neighboring teeth are in the same plane is harmless, because it is important that a certain workpiece tooth is touched with different edges so that the Line up chips, which is the case in the diagram of FIG. 5. , The fact that there are 3 teeth in the first generation group, j

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while in the others there are only 2, is also harmless, because it essentially depends on the fact that the chips are lined up without gaps during gear scraping and when Zalinr ad always use the same tool surface effectively These requirements are not violated.

The embodiment according to FIG. 6 can be developed from FIG. 5 described above. As before, a work wheel with 5 teeth and a tool with 7 teeth are assumed. In the latter 4fe, 3 generation groups are again provided for the edges, namely with the first three teeth of the tool, namely 1, 6, 4t, which come into contact with the work tooth 1, the edges are offset from one another by the step t . When the next tool tooth 2 touching the workpiece tooth 1, the edge 53 would have to lie in the plane of the edge 50 of the tool tooth 1, as in the previous example. According to the present embodiment, the edge is offset from this plane by an amount s. Starting from this edge, the edges of the next tool teeth interacting with the workpiece tooth 1, namely 5 ^ of the tooth 7 and 55 of the tooth 5, are each offset again by the step t. If the "amount s is chosen to be smaller than step t, for example s = 1/2 t, then the chip reductions of the carcasses 53i 5 ^z * i 55 lie between the chip reductions of the edges 50, 51, 52. ■ *

Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of the invention in which the Sum of the steps is two groove pitches. So it's after Equation (l) 2 T = g. t.

How big the steps t or the number of generation groups g depends essentially on the J for gear scraping

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Thickness (threes) of the chip and, in the case of gear rolling, the deformability of the workpiece material.

^r approx rl H u r th L. Holzstrasse (Nut edge) Machine and gear radii (Nut edge) 8 Munich 5 » Shaving wheel (Nut edge) 30th gear 31 axis 2 axis 3 arrow (Nut edge) 4th Grooves 5 6th edge Edge 7th Edge (Nut edge) 8th line 9 (Nut edge) 40 2 edge 3 5 6th 7th ¹ edge iv 1 Edge ² > 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th ■, 1 9

HtincWeiv, «the $ 1. 4 ",, 1'97I 2505 Lich '/ Wo 27Ö 32 PL 282

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List of terms

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Claims (4)

S chu t ζ a ns before Che l) For the machining of a specific gear by machining zahnradiformijs
rolling suitable / tool whose tooth flanks or is provided with at least one indentation / groove each, which divides the tooth flanks into protruding flank parts (web) and receding flank parts (groove base), in which the transitions (edges) between the protruding and receding flank parts on the successive tool teeth none of them follow an uninterrupted helical line from tooth to tooth by at least half the tool circumference, whereby the workpiece number of teeth :, number of teeth differs by an integral multiple of a whole divisor of the tool by more than 1, dadur c h gekennz ° ichnet that the depressions (grooves 36) are arranged at least on the meistenuder teeth of the tool (31), that in each case after a number of tool teeth which equals the number of teeth of the workpiece (32) or a whole multiple thereof, the transitions (edges 37 to 39, kl to k6 , 51 to 55) are offset by one step (t). 2) Tool according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses (grooves 36) are arranged on all tool teeth so that in each case after a number of Verkzeugzähnen that is equal to the number of workpiece teeth or a whole multiple thereof, the transitions (edges 37) by one Step (t) are offset. 7115002 25th Wi 73 3) Tool according to claim 2, characterized yelcnnnzoichnc t that the sum of the sizes of the steps (ΐ) after one revolution of the tool (31) is equal to a division (T) of the grooves (36) or a whole multiple thereof (iT). ^ 4) Tool according to claim 1 or 2 and 3, characterized in that the sizes of the steps (t) are different from one another. >) Tool according to at least one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the number of teeth of the tool (31) is a prime number .. 711500225.10.73