DE703195C - Thermal power plant - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a thermal power plant for rotating machines that is operated in such a way that a working medium heat with constant volume is supplied and withdrawn at constant pressure, with the constant Heat withdrawn from pressure, at least in part, the heat input with constant volume covers and at the after the by the

ίο Waste heat from the engine was preheated a combustion is provided with a constant volume.

Ignition devices that operate at intervals should be avoided.

The use of revolving relaxation machines only comes into its own compared to piston machines if the system is built completely piston-free can. At the same time it is necessary that the space be of constant volume, i. H. the one Room in which the pressure increase as a result of heating takes place with a constant volume, after relaxation the thermal pressure is flushed through well.

In order to obtain high efficiency and small dimensions, it is also necessary to that the fresh air before entering the chamber of constant volume mechanically precompressed and the resulting pressure gradient in a power machine for Work performance is used. Finally, with pre-compressed combustion air a comprehensive combustion is achieved and thus actually even more liberation from in Time intervals acting ignition devices allows.

These requirements are met by a system in which there are several containers are that alternately one after the other of filling and simultaneous flushing the residual gases, the connection in a countercurrent exchange circuit and the relaxation of the exchange and combustion heat generated pressure in a turbine. The containers are alternately one after the other filled with mechanically pre-compressed fresh air. At the same time, the residual gases that still under the pressure of pre-compression

stand, rinsed. After completion of the filling with fresh air, the filling and The flushing line is switched off in each case from the freshly filled container and this with it connected to a circulation circuit leading through a countercurrent exchanger; the Fresh air from the container is then passed through the exchanger in countercurrent to the exhaust gases rolled and preheated while maintaining the same volume. The preheated Fresh air is subjected to combustion. The heat generated by the exhaust gas preheating and is supplied by the combustion, causes a corresponding increase in pressure of the working medium; this is finally discharged into a turbine, which uses the thermal pressure to perform work recovered. The inlet pressure of this turbine alternates between the highest combustion pressure and precompression pressure. The pressure gradient generated by the mechanical pre-compression is finally used in a second Turbine, which is continuously charged with the pre-compression pressure, for work performance used. It becomes between the exchange preheating of the working medium by the exhaust gases and its relaxation at least partially subjected to combustion.

According to the invention, the combustion of the mechanically strongly pre-compressed fresh air, which is subsequently preheated in a closed space, takes place in a combustion chamber B, which is designed as part of a pistonless chamber with a constant volume, i.e. the room in which the pressure increase takes place under constant volume as a result of exchange preheating which at least at one location a temperature above the ignition temperature of the fuel-air mixture is maintained (e.g. by flames, sparks, ignition bodies or ignition wires) in such a way that the introduced fuel-air mixture is safely ignited thereon; the pressure resulting from the absorption of heat with constant volume and the mechanically generated pressure gradient are each released in at least one gas turbine.

Two significantly different spatial arrangements of the combustion chamber are possible, by placing it either as part of the container or as part of it of the remainder of the circulation circuit switched on alternately to different containers. In the latter case, a single combustion chamber is sufficient, as is a single exchanger compartment, to cooperate with multiple tanks by alternating along with the exchanger compartment the various sub-rooms are switched on one after the other and each with the exchanger sub-room and the container just switched on forms the chamber of constant volume. ·

The drawing shows, for example, embodiments of the subject matter of the invention. Fig. 1, ib and ic relate to examples of the first-mentioned arrangement, in which the combustion chambers are provided as sub-chambers of the container V _B and are present in the same number as the containers Vb only one combustion chamber is provided for several containers Vb , which, together with the exchanger compartment V _{A, is} alternately connected to the various containers V _B one after the other. In Fig. 3, the only once executed part of the chamber of constant volume, which remains subspace of the chamber of constant volume in all heating times, is enriched by a cooling space in which part of the heat supplied in the exchanger compartment or container or in both rooms together by exchange is released to the outside.

The example of a thermal power plant according to Fig. Ι provides several containers V _BX , V _Bi , Vß% , etc., which are alternately filled, heated and emptied and each connected to the room V _{A of} the exchanger 1 during the heating time and each with the space V _A together form the chamber of constant volume.

Chamber V _Bl is initially in the rinsing and filling time. A compressor 4 then conveys through conduit α via the valve i _a fresh air into the container V _B1 and rinsed at the same time through the valve I ₆ and the line b the remaining warm air from the container B ₁ to the collection chamber 7. After completion of the filling of the container V _BX the valves i _a and i _{& are} closed and the valves i _d and i _{e are} opened, so that the fresh air is now conducted with the aid of a fan 8 through the valve i _e and the line e to the room V _{A of} the exchanger 1 and from there through the line d back to the valve i _d and to the container V _Bl . Since in the exchanger part V _A heat is absorbed below the constant volume V _A and V _BX , there is an increase in temperature and pressure in the constant volume V _A and V _m.

Following the preheating by the supply of heat to the room V _A , a further supply of heat is to take place by burning the air in a combustion chamber. According to the invention, this supply of heat can take place at the same time as the preheating or only after the supply of heat has ended

by exchange preheating, ie after closing the valves i _d and i _e ; it can even fall into the subsequent relaxation period. Depending on whether the combustion should take place in the preheating or relaxation time or in between, the spatial arrangement of the combustion chamber is provided in different ways. In Fig. Ι it is only indicated that ■ the combustion chamber

»Ο forms part of the space V _B , while Fig. Ι a and ι c show special spatial storage of the combustion chambers.

In Fig. Ι a the combustion chamber is located between valve i _d , 2 _d , 2> a ^un <i container Vßi, V _B2 , V _B3 ,

«5 with which he remains connected. The preheated fresh air coming from the exchanger chamber V _A therefore still burns in the combustion chamber B during the circulation time, and the valves i _d and i _e , 2 _d , 3 _d and 2 _e , 3 _e close

»Ο only after the room V _Bi , V _B2 , V _{B3 has been} filled with combustion gases.

In Fig. Ι b the combustion chamber B is located between the container V _B1 , V _B2 , V _B3 , to which it in turn remains connected, and the valve i _c , 2 _C , 3 _C , which monitors the path to the engine. With this arrangement, combustion of the preheated air volume does not occur until the valves i _d and i _e , ² d> Za ^{un (} i ² e> Ze ^{un (} i) are closed after the valve i _c , 2 _e , Zc has opened , ie in the relaxation time, in that the combustion chamber B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ must be flowed through before entering the engine.

In FIG. 1C, the combustion chamber, which in turn remains connected to container V _B , is in the common supply line to valves d and c, so that combustion can take place both in the preheating and in the expansion time.

Other arrangements can be envisaged that allow combustion to take place during any Parts of the preheating or relaxation time or also in a separate combustion time between these two to undertake.

Since the combustion chamber B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ remains connected to the container ^ Bu V _B 2, V _B3 , it must be ensured that during the non-actual combustion time, in particular during the filling time of the rooms V _B with fresh air (from line » here), do not burn any significant amounts of fresh air. This can be done by throttling the fuel supply. In FIGS. 1 a, 1 b, ic the supply line i _{a is also routed in such a} way that the fresh air does not flow through the combustion chamber. With sufficient fuel throttling, however, the case can also be conceived in which the fresh air supply line τ _{a leads} directly through the combustion chamber and thereby exerts an advantageous cooling effect on the same, while at least one location therein is above the ignition temperature of the fuel-air mixture Temperature, e.g. B. is entertained by flames, sparks, detonators or ignition wires, as long as the fuel-air mixture ignites on it.

During the combustion times, of course, the fuel supply (line K) must be raised to the nominal value, so that the fuel supply is variable at time intervals. This mode of operation is changed by the second arrangement described later.

After the circulation time has ended, valves i _d and i _{e are} closed and then, or at most after an intervening combustion time has elapsed, valve v _{c is} opened, whereupon the combustion gases enter the engine 5 (FIG. 1), the z. B. is a gas turbine, drain it and do relaxation work in it. At the same time , the circulation time for exchange preheating and then the combustion begins in room V _B2 , which has been filled during the working hours that have now ended, while room V _{B3 is} freshly filled and flushed _{via valve 3 ft} and line b. In the next following time, the room V _Bl is again filled, while the room V _B2 relaxes and the room V _B3 absorbs heat while the volume remains the same. The game repeats itself as often as you like.

The residual gases flowing out of the space V _B during purging reach the collecting space 7 (Fig. 1) via line &, where they mix with the exhaust gases from the engine 5 and, together with them, the mechanically generated pressure gradient in the engine 6 ( e.g. gas turbine). Their exhaust gases flow through the space V _{c of} the exchanger and give off part of the residual heat to the sub-space V _{A of} the chamber of constant volume. Finally, the exhaust gases escape through line g. The turbines 5 and 6 drive the compressor 4 and the power generator 9, for example.

In the rooms V _B1 , V _B2 , V _B3 the times of filling, heat absorption with constant volume and emptying alternate, in that one of them is always filled, the second absorbs heat with constant volume and the gases from the third are released in the engine . FIGS. 1 a, 1 b, ic have the same designations as FIG. 1 and are easily understandable after what has been said above.

An arrangement that differs from the previously described arrangement is shown in FIG. 2, in which the combustion chamber B on the exchanger

see the valves i _d , 2 _d , $ _d , ie directly in series with the exchanger part V _A. The combustion chamber therefore only needs to be provided in a simple design and is connected to the various chambers V _B alternately one after the other together with the chambers V _A by influencing the valves i _d , 2 _d , 3 _d and ι ,,, 2 _e , 3 _e, by the \ 'entile i _d and i _e only in the preheating time ίο (which is also the combustion time here) of the container V _Bl , the \% itile 2 _d and 2 _e in that of the container V _B2 and the valves 3, / and 3e are open in that of the container Vbs. The processes here are therefore as follows: After the space V _{B1 has been filled} by the compressor 4, the line α and the valve i _a and simultaneous purging of the residual gases through the valve i _b and the line b into the collecting chamber 7, the valves i _a and I ₆ closed and the valves i _d and i ,, opened. With the help of the fan 8, which is built into the line c here, for example, the fresh air is conveyed from the room V _1n through the valve i _e and the line e to the preheating room V _A , where it takes over heat by exchanging the same volume, and then sent through the combustion chamber B, where the combustion takes place, in order to be returned to the chamber V _n via the line d and the valve i _d. After the desired fresh! air volume in room V _B1 , d. H. After the space V _{B1 has been} filled with the desired amount j of combustion gases, the valves i _d \ and i _{e are} closed again and _{the valve i c is} opened so that the expansion in j of the turbine 5 can take place. For this purpose, for example, the space V _{m that was} filled in the previous working time now comes into connection with the spaces V _A and B by opening the valves 2 d and 2 _C. This is followed by the circulation of the fresh air of the room V _B » through V _A and B with the aid of the fan 8, so that now the air from V _Bi is preheated by circulation in V _A and burned in B. In the next working time, the rooms V _A j and B come into contact via the valves 3 _(? And 2> _e ^with the container V _{Bs which was} filled with fresh air in the previous working time, the air of which is now kept at a constant volume with the help of the circulation through the spaces V _A and B, ie by taking up exchange heat in V ^ and by burning in B, \ is brought to temperature and pressure, j At the same time the other containers \ are subject to relaxation or filling. This game j is repeated as often as you like.

During the overturning period there is here! the constant volume alternately from the spaces V _A + JS + V _Bl or j V _A + B + } ^r _Ri or V _A + B - \ - V _m ; Rooms V _A + B are part of the chamber of constant volume at all working hours. The fan 8 rings continuously. The exhaust gases from the turbine 6, which otherwise run through the same circuit, for example, as described in FIG. 1, continuously flow through the space Vq. Through the rooms V _A and B , with the exception of the disturbances due to switching from one room V _B to the next, there is also a constant flow of air or gas, so that in the combustion chamber B a flame can burn continuously under load, without how in the case of FIG. 1, to be doomed to idle during longer intermediate times. The fuel supply to the combustion chamber therefore does not require any repetitive regulation here.

It can be advantageous to give off some of the heat supplied to spaces V _A and B to the outside in a cooling space, that is to say not to use it for expansion in the turbine. In particular, heat transfer to a steam power plant comes into question, specifically preferably by heat exchange in a boiler, superheater or preheater. It should only be noted that in Fig. 1 such a cooling space, ie, for example steam boilers c in the supply line to the turbine 5, namely in the joint portion between the valves 1 _c, 2 _C, 3 _C and turbine 5, can be placed. In Fig. Ι a, such a cooling space V _D in line c is indicated by dash-dotted lines. _{In Fig. 1 it} could for example also be provided between combustion chamber B 1 and V _B1 and between Bt and V _B 2, B _s and V _Bi . In particular, the case shown in FIG. 3 should be emphasized, in which the cooling space V _D, together with the spaces _{V A} and B, is connected to the various containers V _{B in} each case.

Fig. 3 differs from Fig. 2 precisely in that that part of the chamber of constant volume which is alternately connected to the different rooms V _B and forms part of the chamber of constant volume at every working time, not just from the exchanger chamber V _A and the combustion chamber B exists, but that following these two spaces no there is still a cooling space V ₀ , in which part of the previously supplied heat is given off to the outside, ie to space Ve .

During the circulation time, the fresh air from the container V _{B that has} just been switched on is therefore circulated through the rooms V _A , B and V _D one after the other with the aid of the fan 8 in order to absorb exchange heat in room V _A , to be burned in container B and in the cooler V ₀ in turn to give off part of the heat to the space Vn and with

the outlet temperature from room V _{D to be} returned to room Vg . All three rooms V _A , B ₁ V _D are here alternately switched on or off from the different rooms Vβ together. The heat in the cooler V _D is given off, for example, to water vapor that evaporates in the space V _E , is superheated in the superheater Ii, expands in the steam turbine i2, liquefied in the condenser 13 and is preheated in the feedwater preheater 14 by the exhaust gases. The circulating air of the chamber of constant volume emerging from the cooler V _D can also be used for overheating , in which case the line d must also be passed through the space Vp . It can therefore also the exhaust gases of the turbine 5 (line c) or the collecting chamber 7 (line f) or the residual gases of the rooms V _B (line V) etc. can be used for overheating, in which case the space V _{F of} the superheater to the relevant lines must be connected.

»5 Of course, any fresh heat sources can also be used for evaporation or Overheating.

In all circuit examples with cooling chamber V ₀ , the spatial arrangement of the same can also be provided in such a way that the cooling chamber V _D or at least a part of it is combined with the combustion chamber B to form a unit in that the combustion chamber is built into the cooling chamber, so that. the heat dissipation to the heat transfer medium contained in the space V _E is so high that a considerable decrease in temperature takes place in the combustion chamber at least during the combustion. In Fig. 4, a concentric enclosure of the combustion chamber B is shown by the space V _E. Other arrangements can also be thought of, e.g. B. with tubes inside the combustion chamber (Fig. 5) or around the same (Fig. 6). • 45 By arranging the combustion chamber B in series with the exchanger part V _{A of} the constant volume, it is achieved that only a single combustion chamber has to be used for several rooms V _B so that a permanent flame can be maintained in this combustion chamber without fuel regulation never has to work at idle, and finally no additional valves are required compared to the arrangement without combustion.

While in the case in which the combustion chambers are built as sub-chambers of the container V _B , by arranging the position of the same or by arranging the lines and valves i " 2 _C , Se, which lead to the turbine 5, it can be achieved that even during the expansion time heat is supplied, in the case in which the combustion chamber is in series with space V _A , the same effect can be achieved by opening the path 6g to the turbine by opening the valve i _c , 2 _c , 3 _C before the spaces V _A and B are separated from the connected spaces Vβ \, V _B 2, V _BS by closing the valves i _d and i _e , 2 _d and 3 _e . A supply of heat during the relaxation has the advantage that you can bring the relaxation from the purely adiabatic area to the isothermal or constant pressure area. If a turbine is provided as the engine 5, it can be advantageous to supply just enough heat during the expansion that the expansion speed remains the same over a large part of the expansion time, so that the blade angle over this entire period of time in relation to the speeds occurring remain the best possible. The early opening of the turbine valve can of course, for. B. can also be used in the case of Fig. Ia to add heat during the relaxation.

The arrangement of the cooling space in series with the exchanger space V _A , ie on the exchanger side of the valves i _d , 2 _d , 3 ^ i _e , 2 _e , 3 _e , can of course also be provided in those cases in which the combustion chamber is part of V _B is, so that the two rooms V _A and V _{D are then switched on} together to the different rooms V _B and B.

In all of the examples, a combustible gas could be used instead of fresh air of the fuel enter an oxygen carrier.

τϊ -.

Claims (14)

Patent claims: i. Thermal power plant for rotating engines, with one gaseous Working medium, heat is supplied with a constant volume and withdrawn under constant pressure, wherein the heat extracted at constant pressure is at least partially the same as the heat supply at constant pressure Volume covers when the working fluid has been preheated by the exhaust gases after the volume has remained the same a combustion takes place and in which there are also several containers that alternately one after the other filled by us fresh air and at the same time by the Residual gases are emptied and then fed to a circulation circuit through which the fresh air flows in countercurrent to the exhaust gases fed to an exchanger and after preheating closed space back to the container ter is returned, characterized in that the combustion of the mechanically strongly pre-compressed fresh air, which is subsequently preheated in a closed space, takes place in a combustion chamber (B) which is part of a piston-free chamber with a constant volume, i.e. the space in which the pressure increase due to exchange preheating ίο takes place with constant volume, is formed in which at least one location above the ignition temperature temperature of the fuel-air mixture is maintained (e.g. by Flames, sparks, detonators or detonating wires) in such a way that the introduced fuel-air mixture adheres safely to it ignited and that finally the by heat absorption under constant ao volume resulting pressure as well as the mechanically generated pressure gradient each in at least one gas turbine can be relaxed. 2. A thermal power plant according to claim 1, in which the exchange heating takes place in such a way that different containers are connected alternately one after the other to the one subspace of the exchanger, such that during each heating period the chamber with a constant volume consists of one of the alternately connected containers and a part which part of the chamber with constant volume remains in each heating-up time and contains the space of the exchanger, characterized in that the combustion chamber (B) is the partial space of the container (V _B ) . 3. Thermal power plant according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that as a result Regulation of the fuel supply during the non-actual combustion time, only just as much air is burned becomes as necessary to maintain the flame. 4. Thermal power plant according to claim 1, in which the exchange heating takes place in such a way that different containers are connected alternately one after the other to the one subspace of the exchange in such a way that during each heating period the chamber with a constant volume consists of one of the alternately connected containers and a part, which remains part of the chamber with constant volume in every heating time and contains the space of the exchanger, characterized in that the combustion chamber (B) is designed as a subspace of that part of the chamber with constant volume which remains part of the chamber with constant volume in every heating time and contains the space (V _A ) in that the combustion chamber is in series with the space (V _A ) of the exchanger, and that the two in series rooms (V _A and B) are connected alternately to the different containers (V _B ) together to each together with one of the same the entire chamber m it to form constant volume. 5. Thermal power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that also during the relaxation period heat is supplied, so that the relaxation from the purely adiabatic areas in Shifted towards isothermal or constant pressure will. *O 6. Thermal power plant according to claim 1 and 5, characterized in that just enough heat is supplied during relaxation that the relaxation speed remains approximately the same over a large part of the relaxation period. 7. Thermal power plant according to claim 1, 2 and 5, characterized in that the spatial arrangement of the combustion chamber is such that during the relaxation period maintain combustion as a result of the forced flow of fresh air through the combustion chamber is so that the relaxation from the purely adiabatic areas in the direction of the isothermal or the area constant pressure is shifted. 8. Thermal power plant according to claim 1 «oo and 5 with several containers and a part of the chamber with constant volume that is switched on alternately, characterized in that the separation of the rooms (V _A - exchanger part of the chamber with constant volume) or the rooms (V _A and B - Exchanger compartment and combustion chamber), in which the working fluid is supplied with heat, from containers (V _B ) connected just "o" only after the start of the expansion in space (Vb), ie after the valve leading to the engine has been opened so that during (at least »» 5 of a part) the expansion of the chamber with constant volume continues to be supplied with heat and the relaxation is therefore shifted from the purely adiabatic in the direction of the isothermal>»«> or the area of constant pressure. 9 · Thermal power plant according to claim ι, characterized in that a cooling space (V _D y is arranged, through which the working medium flows and in which it gives off at least part of its heat, 10. Thermal power plant according to claim ι and 9, characterized in that heat is given off to a steam power plant in the cold room. 11. Thermal power plant according to claim i, 9 and ι o, characterized in that at least one combustion chamber (B) in at least one cooling chamber (V _D ) itself is installed in such a way that the heat dissipation to the heat transfer medium contained in the space (V _E ) it is high that a considerable temperature decrease takes place in the combustion chamber at least during the combustion. 12. Thermal power plant according to claim ι and 9 with several containers and a part of the chamber with constant volume that is switched on alternately, characterized in that the cooling space is arranged in the common section between the containers (Vb) ^{and (} i of the engine. 13. Thermal power plant according to claim 1 and 9 with a plurality of containers and a part of the chamber with constant volume that is switched on alternately, characterized in that the cooling chamber is arranged between the combustion chamber (B) and container (V _B ). 14. Thermal power plant according to claim 1 and 9 with a plurality of containers and a part of the chamber with constant volume switched on alternately, characterized in that the cooling space forms a subspace of the latter part of the chamber with a constant volume and therefore a subspace of the chamber with a constant volume in each heating time Volume remains in that the exchanger compartment (V _A ), a combustion chamber and a cooling chamber are in series and are alternately connected to or disconnected from the various containers (Vb). 1 sheet of drawings