DE643748C

DE643748C - Arrangement for continuously controllable control of the mean value of the discharge current of grid-controlled vapor discharge paths

Info

Publication number: DE643748C
Application number: DE1930643748D
Authority: DE
Original assignee: AEG AG
Current assignee: AEG AG
Priority date: 1930-03-20
Filing date: 1930-09-26
Publication date: 1937-04-16

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft Mittel zum Steuern der Einleitung der Entladung in Entladungsstrecken, bei denen der Stroindurchgang sowohl durch Elektronen als auch durch Ionen bewirkt wird, und hat eine verbesserte Anordnung und Arbeitsweise für die Änderung des Zeitpunktes der Einleitung der Entladung in einer solchen Entladungsstrecke zum Gegenstand.The invention relates to means for controlling the initiation of the discharge in discharge sections in which the passage of flow caused by both electrons and ions, and has improved Arrangement and mode of operation for changing the timing of the initiation of the discharge in such a discharge path to the object.

Bekanntlich kann die Einleitung der Entladung in einer Entladungestrecke mit Kathode, Gitter und Anode in einem verdünnten Gas, ζ. B. Quecksilberdampf, bei einem Druck von einigen Mikron, durch das Gitter gesteuert werden, aber ein solches Gitter kann nicht den Strom nach der Einleitung der Entladung unterbrechen. Wenn eine Wechselspannung zwischen Kathode und Anode der Entladungsstrecke angelegt wird, wird dieAs is well known, the initiation of the discharge in a discharge path with cathode, grid and anode in one diluted Gas, ζ. B. mercury vapor, at a pressure of a few microns, controlled by the grid but such a grid cannot control the current after the initiation of the discharge interrupt. If an alternating voltage is applied between the cathode and anode of the discharge path, the

so Gittersteuerung am Ende jeder Halbperiode wiederhergestellt. Wenn eine Gleichspannung zwischen Kathode und Anode angelegt wird, müssen Mittel zum zeitweiligen Neutralisieren dieser Spannung vorgesehen werden.so grid control at the end of each half cycle restored. If a DC voltage is applied between the cathode and anode, Means must be provided to temporarily neutralize this voltage.

Man hat bereits vorgeschlagen, den Zeitpunkt für die Einleitung der Entladung mittels einer Gitterwechselspannung derselben Frequenz wie die Anodenspannung zu steuern, indem dieser Zeitpunkt entweder durch Verschieben der Phase der Gitterwechselspannung oder durch Verändern der Größe der Gittergleichspannung verändert wird. Diese Steuermethoden sind jedoch nicht ganz befriedigend, weil sie entweder einen Phasenschieber oder andere, mehr oder minder kornplizierte Einrichtungen enthalten. Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Schwierigkeit dadurch vermieden, daß dem Steuergitter jeder Dampfentladungsstrecke eine Steuerspannung 'zugeführt wird, deren Gr.undwelle gleichfrequent mit der Anodenwechselspannung ist und angenähert in Phasenopposition zu ihr steht und deren Größe und Wellenform durch einen in den Steuerkreis geschalteten, veränderbaren, strom- oder spannungsabhängigen Scheinwiderstand geregelt wird.It has already been proposed to use the time for the initiation of the discharge to control an alternating grid voltage of the same frequency as the anode voltage, by this point in time either by shifting the phase of the alternating grid voltage or by changing the magnitude of the DC grid voltage. However, these control methods are not entirely satisfactory, because it more or less complicated either a phase shifter or another Facilities included. According to the invention, this difficulty is avoided in that the control grid of each vapor discharge path a control voltage 'is supplied, the main wave of which has the same frequency is with the anode alternating voltage and is approximately in phase opposition to it and their size and waveform by a changeable switch connected to the control circuit, current- or voltage-dependent impedance is regulated.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in Abb. 1 dargestellt. Abb. 2 enthält eine Anzahl von Kurven, die während des Arbeitens aufgenommenen Oszillogrammen entnommen worden sind. Die Einrichtung enthält eine Entladungsstrecke ι ο mit einer durchweg im Negativen liegenden Kurve der kritischen Gitterspannung, die Strom von einem Wechselstromkreis 11 einem Gleichstromverbraucher 12 zuführt und deren in der Größe und Wellenform veränderbare Gitterwechselspannung zur Anodenspannung angenähert in Phasenopposition steht. Da die Entladungsstrecke 10 nur Strom in einer Richtung hin- durchläßt, wird der Belastung 12 ein pulsierender Strom entsprechend den Wechselstromhalbwellen einer einzigen Richtung zugeführt. Die Erfindung ist jedoch auch an-An embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. Fig. 2 includes a Number of curves taken from oscillograms recorded while working have been. The device contains a discharge path ι ο with a consistently negative curve of the critical grid voltage, the current from an alternating current circuit 11 to a direct current consumer 12 supplies and their variable in the size and waveform alternating grid voltage is approximately in phase opposition to the anode voltage. Since the discharge path 10 only current in one direction passes, the load 12 is a pulsating current corresponding to the alternating current half-waves fed in a single direction. However, the invention is also

Claims

Applicable to devices that allow both half-waves of the alternating voltage to pass. In any case, the part of the half-wave during which the direct current consumer Current is supplied, determined by the grid potential of the vapor discharge paths. In the specified exemplary embodiment, this is the direct current consumer 12 supplied current depends on the potential of the grid 13.

The means for the grid control of the discharge path io consist of, among others. from the im Space charge area working electron discharge vessel 14 and the transformer 15. As can be seen from Fig. 1, a table transformer 16 is connected to the circle 11, the three secondary windings, one of which, 19, the anode circuit of the Discharge path 14, the other two the heating circuits of the discharge paths 14 and 10 dine. A DC power source 17 and a resistor 18 are parallel to each other switched into the grid circle of the discharge path 14. The anode circle of this Discharge path contains a secondary winding 19 of the transformer 16 and a formed from the effective resistance 21 and the primary winding 20 of the transformer 15 Impedance.

In Fig. 2, the AC voltage effective in circle 11 is indicated by curve E ₁₁ , the anode current of discharge path 10 by curve / "and the negative grid voltage of discharge path 14 by curve E _g . Little or no current is supplied to the direct current consumer when a relatively small negative voltage is supplied to the grid of the discharge gap 14, and the direct current increases as the magnitude of this negative voltage increases.

The grid potential E _g is changed by changing the potentiometer 18. When the variable terminal 22 is in the position shown, the grid of the discharge gap 14 is given a relatively large negative potential. The internal resistance of this discharge path is high, the alternating voltage supplied to the grid 13 is therefore comparatively small, and the maximum current flows through the discharge path 10.

If the value of the negative grid voltage of the discharge gap 14 is gradually reduced, the size and waveform of the alternating voltage supplied to the grid 13 by means of the transformer 15 change, and a reduction in the direct current is achieved (see curve J ₀ in Fig. 2).

At the assumed position of the curve of the critical grid voltage of the discharge path 10 required phase shift between anode and grid voltage by Approximately i8o ° is achieved in the example shown by corresponding switching of the two transformers 15 and 16 reached.

The change in the waveform of the grid voltage of the discharge gap 10 takes place ' by changing the size of the resistance (Fig. ι) or by changing the inner one Resistance of part of the impedance in the grid circle of the discharge path forming discharge path 14, e.g. B. by changing their grid voltage.

ΙΑ TuNTANSi ¹ KU CUE:

ι. Arrangement for continuously controllable control of the mean value of the discharge current grid-controlled vapor discharge paths, especially in forming plants, characterized in that the control grid of each vapor discharge path has an expensive voltage whose fundamental wave is at the same frequency as the anode alternating voltage and is approximately in phase opposition stands by it and its size and waveform is controlled by a variable, current or voltage-dependent impedance is regulated.

2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that of one AC voltage fed impedance from the internal resistance of an electron tube (14) and one in its Parallel connection of an ohmic resistor (21) arranged in the anode circuit with the primary winding (20) of a transformer (15), the secondary winding of which feeds the grid circle of the vapor discharge path (10).

3. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one Part of the components of the impedance is changeable.

4. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that as a changeable Ohmic resistance the internal resistance of the electron tube (14) is used.

5. Arrangement according to claim 2, characterized in that the inner Resistance of the electron tube can be regulated by a variable DC grid voltage (potentiometer 18).

1 sheet of drawings