DE63622C - Collector made of coal for electrical machines - Google Patents
Collector made of coal for electrical machinesInfo
- Publication number
- DE63622C DE63622C DENDAT63622D DE63622DA DE63622C DE 63622 C DE63622 C DE 63622C DE NDAT63622 D DENDAT63622 D DE NDAT63622D DE 63622D A DE63622D A DE 63622DA DE 63622 C DE63622 C DE 63622C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- electrical machines
- collector made
- pantograph
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000001138 Tears Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001264 neutralization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000003284 Horns Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R39/00—Rotary current collectors, distributors or interrupters
- H01R39/02—Details for dynamo electric machines
- H01R39/04—Commutators
- H01R39/045—Commutators the commutators being made of carbon
Landscapes
- Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)
Description
KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL
PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.
Die Stromabnehmer für Gleichstrommaschinen oder elektrische Kraftmaschinen, welche bisher ausschliefslich aus einzelnen Lamellen aus Metall bestanden, sind eine beständige Gefahr für Maschine und das^ sie bedienende Personal.The pantographs for DC machines or electrical prime movers, which so far Exclusively made up of individual metal lamellas are a constant danger to the machine and the staff who operate them.
Der bei dem gleichzeitigen Berühren von zwei benachbarten Lamellen entstehende Spulenkurzschlufs erzeugt erfahrungsmäfsig an den Bürsten Funken, die namentlich, wenn die Bürsten nicht genau in die durch die Schenkelmagnete und Rückwirkung der Ankerwickelung bestimmte neutrale Achse des magnetischen Feldes sind, oder bei plötzlicher Verdrehung der neutralen Achse, bei Stromschwankungen ein rasches Verbrennen der Stromabnehmerlamellen zur unerlässlichen Folge haben.The coil short circuit that occurs when two adjacent slats are touched at the same time Experience has shown that it generates sparks on the brushes, especially when the brushes are not exactly in the position caused by the leg magnets and reaction of the armature winding are certain neutral axis of the magnetic field, or in the case of sudden rotation the neutral axis, rapid burning of the pantograph blades in the event of current fluctuations have an indispensable consequence.
Diesem Umstand allein ist es zuzuschreiben, dafs Gleichstrommaschinen für hohe Spannung nicht den Eingang in die Praxis finden konnten, den sie bei ihrem Entstehen erwarten liefsen.To this fact alone it is to be ascribed that direct current machines for high voltages could not find the entrance into the practice that they would have expected when they came into being.
Zum Ausblasen der entstehenden Funken besondere Vorrichtungen anzuwenden, wie es in der T horns on-Houston-Maschine geschieht, beseitigt eine Gefahr nur theilweise, eine schnelle Abnutzung des Stromabnehmers aber überhaupt nicht und ist wegen der zum Blasen verbrauchten Kraft unvortheilhaft.To blow out the resulting sparks use special devices, such as it happens in the T horns on Houston machine only partially eliminates a danger, rapid wear and tear of the pantograph but not at all and is unfavorable because of the force used to blow.
Diese Mifsstände können weder, wie man bisher .annahm, durch eine passend gewählte Anzahl Stromabnehmerlamellen beseitigt werden, noch durch die vorzüglichste Isolation zwischen denselben.These grievances can neither, as was previously assumed, through a suitably chosen one Number of pantograph lamellas can be eliminated, even through the most excellent insulation between them.
Der Ersatz der Kupferlamellen durch Lamellen aus Eisen oder Stahl trat unbewufst der Lösung der Aufgabe etwas näher, da man für das leichter verbrennbare Metall ein etwas schwerer verbrennbares Metall setzte.The replacement of the copper lamellas by lamellas made of iron or steel occurred unconsciously a little closer to the solution of the task, since one has a something for the more easily combustible metal more difficult to burn metal.
Erfinder vorliegender Neuerung hat herausgefunden, dafs, wenn auch die Funkenbildung nicht an und für sich, so doch die Bildung von grofsen, zerstörend und gefährlich wirkenden Funken nur dadurch bedingt wird, dafs Metall als Stoff der Lamellen verwendet wird. Es entstehen nämlich durch den oben erwähnten Kurzschlufs von Ankerspulen zunächst selbst bei der höchsten Klemmenspannung nur ganz kleine Funken, welche erst dadurch grofs und gefährlich werden, dafs sie kleine abgerissene Metalltheilchen in Brand setzen; die dem verwendeten Metall entsprechende Färbung der Funken beweist diese Thatsache.The inventor of the present innovation has found that, albeit the spark formation not in and of itself, but the formation of large, destructive and dangerous ones Spark is only caused by the fact that metal is used as the material of the lamellae will. This is due to the short circuit of armature coils mentioned above even with the highest terminal voltage only very small sparks, which are only caused by this become large and dangerous, that they set fire to small torn pieces of metal set; the color of the sparks corresponding to the metal used proves this Fact.
Es ist nun nach dem hier Vorgeführten nicht schwer, die Grundsätze festzustellen, welche bei der Wahl eines Stoffes für Stromabnehmer allein mafsgebend sein können; denn die Schnelligkeit, mit welcher der Stoff durch die entstehenden Funken entzündet werden kann, hängt ab von der Entzündungstemperatur und dem Wärmeleitungsvermögen. Es folgt hieraus, dafs Metalle von vornherein keinen Stoff für funkenlose Stromabnehmer abgeben können, und dafs als einziger Stoff hierzu harte Retortenkohle in Betracht kommen kann, welche die Wärme ungefähr 4000 Mal schlechter leitet als Metalle und doch ein verhältnifsmäfsig guter Leiter der Elektricität ist. Im übrigen kommt der durch Stromabnehmer aus Kohle oder aus kohlehaltiger Masse erwachsende Widerstand bei den hohen Spannungen gar nicht in Betracht, zumal die Abmessungen eines solchenNow, after what has been said here, it is not difficult to determine which principles are used in the choice of a material for pantographs alone can be decisive; because the The speed with which the substance can be ignited by the sparks produced, depends on the ignition temperature and the thermal conductivity. It follows from this that metals cannot provide any material for sparkless pantographs from the outset, and that the only substance that can be considered for this is hard retort carbon, which conducts heat about 4,000 times more poorly than metals, and yet a comparatively good one Is the conductor of electricity. In addition, the coal or electricity collector comes from carbonaceous mass does not even take into account the resistance at the high voltages, especially since the dimensions of such
Stromabnehmers so getroffen werden können, dafs sein Widerstand nicht gröfser ist als· der, eines entsprechenden Stromabnehmers bisheriger Construction. Es werden sich daher Segmente empfehlen, welche aus gut leitendem Stoff bestehen, deren obere, mit den Bürsten in Berührung kommende Flächen aus einem dünnen Blättchen Kohle bestehen. Die Abnützung der Stromabnehmer der neuen Art ist äufserst gering, ihre Haltbarkeit eine unbegrenzte, da immer nur die Kohlenblättchen ausgewechselt zu werden brauchen.Pantograph can be hit in such a way that its resistance is not greater than that a corresponding pantograph of previous construction. There will therefore be segments recommend, which are made of highly conductive material, the top of which is in contact with the brushes Coming surfaces consist of a thin sheet of coal. The wear and tear of the new type of pantograph is extremely low, Their shelf life is unlimited, since only the coal flakes are changed need to become.
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE63622C true DE63622C (en) |
Family
ID=337536
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DENDAT63622D Expired - Lifetime DE63622C (en) | Collector made of coal for electrical machines |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE63622C (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE745938C (en) * | 1938-07-23 | 1944-05-24 | Ziehl Abegg Elek Zitaets Ges M | Collector for electrical machines with fins made of a material other than copper |
DE746983C (en) * | 1938-06-12 | 1944-09-01 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Device for current removal and current supply to electrical machines and devices, consisting of slip ring and brushes |
DE751502C (en) * | 1939-10-09 | 1953-03-30 | Conradty Fa C | Contact roller made of artificial carbon for electrical high-voltage switchgear |
DE890540C (en) * | 1939-02-23 | 1953-09-21 | Conradty Fa C | Electric machines with coal collectors |
DE915000C (en) * | 1939-03-07 | 1954-07-12 | Conradty Fa C | Coal collector for electrical machines |
DE961460C (en) * | 1951-09-14 | 1957-04-04 | Siemens Ag | Commutator, slip ring or static contact for electrical machines and devices |
US4576083A (en) * | 1983-12-05 | 1986-03-18 | Seberger Jr Oswald P | Device for silencing firearms |
-
0
- DE DENDAT63622D patent/DE63622C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE746983C (en) * | 1938-06-12 | 1944-09-01 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Device for current removal and current supply to electrical machines and devices, consisting of slip ring and brushes |
DE745938C (en) * | 1938-07-23 | 1944-05-24 | Ziehl Abegg Elek Zitaets Ges M | Collector for electrical machines with fins made of a material other than copper |
DE890540C (en) * | 1939-02-23 | 1953-09-21 | Conradty Fa C | Electric machines with coal collectors |
DE915000C (en) * | 1939-03-07 | 1954-07-12 | Conradty Fa C | Coal collector for electrical machines |
DE751502C (en) * | 1939-10-09 | 1953-03-30 | Conradty Fa C | Contact roller made of artificial carbon for electrical high-voltage switchgear |
DE961460C (en) * | 1951-09-14 | 1957-04-04 | Siemens Ag | Commutator, slip ring or static contact for electrical machines and devices |
US4576083A (en) * | 1983-12-05 | 1986-03-18 | Seberger Jr Oswald P | Device for silencing firearms |
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