DE60120495T2 - BAND-FREE RESISTANCE MASK - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to face masks to control and improve the quality of inhaled air. Claimed and described is a respiratory face mask comprising a flange and a filter layer, the flange having an inner periphery and an outer periphery and a first and a second width measured perpendicular to the inner periphery between the inner periphery and the outer periphery, characterised in that the first width is greater than the second width. Preferably, such face masks are strapless and rely on a hydrogel adhesive for attachment and sealing. Further claimed and described is an improved cover layer for an adhesive of such a face mask. <IMAGE>

Description

Territory of invention

The The present invention relates to face masks which inhale Air regulate and their quality improve. It is claimed and described a respirator which comprises a collar and a filter layer, wherein the federal government a Inner circumference and an outer circumference has a first and a second width perpendicular to the Inner circumference to be measured between the inner circumference and the outer circumference, characterized in that the first width is greater than the second width. Such face masks are preferably bandless, and their attachment and sealing done by a hydrogel adhesive. Furthermore, an improved Covering layer for claimed and described an adhesive of such a face mask.

background the invention

A Series of different face masks is from the state of the art Technology known and available on the market, including reusable and disposable masks, Face masks for use in the medical field, usually by surgeons, Face masks for the occupational use when the inhaled air in the working environment this requires, and facial masks for home use, eg. B. to prevent the spread of infections in Asian countries very often be worn.

The state of the art in the field of face masks includes the following documents:
U.S. Patent No. 4,966,140, issued October 30, 1999, which discloses a face mask for the protection of the surgeon. The face mask comprises substantially vertical straps and a sealing strip formed along the upper edge piece.

The U.S. Patent No. 5,735,270, issued April 7, 1998, which discloses a foldable Disposable face mask disclosed comprises a single, in general rectangular sheet of filter material, a sealing strip made of foam and a device for tying the mask, the attached to the upper corners.

The US Patent No. 5,724,964, issued March 10, 1998, discloses disposable face masks which be fastened to the head of the wearer with a knitted headband, and It uses various sealant sealants such as for example, plastic films and / or hydrogels or other types of deformable materials such as open-cell and closed-cell Foams. Remarkably, in this invention no considered as an adhesive hydrogel.

The Patent Application JP 10-248,948, filed on March 11, 1997, discloses a face mask for covering the nose and mouth, which includes an adhesive at the periphery of the face mask.

The Patent Application WO 00/07636, filed July 30, 1999 novel hydrogel adhesives, especially for disposable absorbent articles suitable, but also for Respirators are usable.

U.S. Patent No. 4,240,420, issued December 23, 1980, and its continuation of part (CIP) US 4,354,489 , issued October 19, 1982, disclose filter masks comprising separate filter elements for the nose and mouth of the wearer.

Of the Prior art in the general field of adhesives to Attachment to the skin is in the range of articles such as Wound plaster, adhesive plaster and bandages particularly advanced.

In order to such bandages the desired Level of adhesion, the prior art usually discloses the use of certain adhesives with very high cohesive power, such as rubber-based adhesives and acrylics. These Adhesives are then applied as thick layers to increase the adhesion maximizing the bandage on the wearer's skin.

The U.S. Patent No. 4,699,146 discloses hydrophilic elastomeric pressure-sensitive ones Adhesives suitable for use in ostomy appliances, bandages, decubitus ulcer pads, Sanitary napkins, diapers and protective pads are suitable for sports purposes. The Adhesive comprises at least one radiation crosslinked organic polymer and an adhesive plasticizer.

The patent GB 2 115 431 discloses bandages, wound dressings, ECG adhesives, sanitary napkins, diapers, and decubitus ulcer pads. The adhesive comprises a radiation crosslinked organic polymer, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone, and an adhesive plasticizer.

If However, the adhesive satisfactorily with a device such as a respirator that should be used for extended periods of time It is important that the adhesive is a skin-friendly composition and is not harsh or aggressive to the skin or irritation or inflammation causes the skin. Furthermore it is preferred that the adhesive conforms to the skin of the wearer, that one has maximum skin area contact achieved between the adhesive and the skin. Furthermore it is also desirable to provide an adhesive such that the respirator effortlessly from the carrier Can be removed without the wearer pain of unreasonable Strength learns and without leaving any residue. This is especially true in the cases important in which the device is removed and a renewed one or more attachments of the device is required for example, to better communication, food or the like to enable and the attachment of such devices to sensitive skin to secure, for. B. on the skin of an elderly wearer. On the other hand should be the desired While the degree of adhesion may provide pain relief, it should of course be included such a repeated attachment of the device also obtained stay.

The Problem, the desired To achieve a degree of adhesion becomes even greater when the skin is wet. In some cases the skin is cleaned before the device is attached, and then it is therefore common damp. About that In addition, during of wearing a face mask due to sweat moisture form, for example due to high ambient temperatures or heavy physical Job. The currently available Adhesives such as those containing hydrocolloid particles adhere but often not Immediately on the skin and must possibly be held in position until there is a sufficient minimum liability established. About that In addition, the total liability tends such adhesive on wet skin surfaces per se considerably smaller so that the device is usually during the Wear does not stick to the skin when pressure on the device exercised is, for example, by facial movements.

One Another problem that especially when using respirators often occurs, is the ability of the adhesive, on greasy or oily skin areas be liable. How much and what kind of fat and sebum by nature present on the skin varies from person to person. Furthermore The adhesive should be reliable Stick to hairy skin and allow it to be painless even from there can be removed.

WO 97/24149 (3M) describes, for example, a lipophilic polar pressure-reactive Adhesive, which has been given an improved adhesion to oily skin wherein the adhesive is a hydrophilic polymeric matrix, a polar organic plasticizer and at least 9% by weight of a surfactant with an HLB value ("hydrophilic lipophilic balance value ") from 10 to 17. It is generally stated that the hydrophilic polymers Matrix can be selected from a number of polymers which are homo- and copolymers of, for example, (meth) acrylic acid and salts thereof, acrylamide, N-vinylpyrrolidone and acrylamidopropanesulfonic acid and salts thereof. The adhesive is polymerized in a homogeneous aqueous Mixture made.

• – Die Maske ist angenehm und sicher zu tragen.
• – Die Maske ist kostengünstig herstellbar, so dass sie als Einwegartikel dienen kann, aber alternativ auch viele Male wiederverwendet werden kann.
• – Die Maske erlaubt Gesichtsbewegungen, und zwar ein zumindest leichtes Öffnen des Munds zum Sprechen, Husten und dergleichen, während eine zuverlässige Abdichtung zum Gesicht erhalten bleibt.
• – Die Maske kann in einer Größe bereitgestellt werden, die einer großen Anzahl von verschiedenen Kunden passt.
• – Die Maske hält gut auf nasser, fettiger und insbesondere behaarter Haut.
• – Die Maske haftet zuverlässig über längere Zeiträume hinweg auf menschlicher Haut.
• – Die Maske kann leicht und bequem abgenommen werden.

In view of the above-mentioned prior art, there is still a need to provide an improved respirator mask which fulfills the following objectives:

• - The mask is comfortable and safe to wear.
• - The mask is inexpensive to produce, so that it can serve as a disposable, but can also be reused many times.
• - The mask allows facial movements, at least a slight opening of the mouth for speaking, coughing and the like, while a reliable seal is maintained to the face.
• The mask can be provided in a size that suits a large number of different customers.
• - The mask keeps well on wet, greasy and especially hairy skin.
• - The mask reliably adheres to human skin for extended periods of time.
• - The mask can be easily and conveniently removed.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a topcoat for an adhesive layer, as preferably comprises the face mask, wherein the topcoat is easily removed from the adhesive can be deducted medium and facilitates the optimal attachment of the mask on the face of a wearer.

Surprisingly It has now been found that the above objectives Fulfills can be by using a respirator mask and a topcoat for an adhesive layer on the face mask, both with the mechanical features as defined below and preferably an adhesive as below defined comprehensively.

Summary the invention

The The present invention relates to face masks which inhale Air regulate and their quality improve. It is claimed and described a respirator which comprises a collar and a filter layer, wherein the federal government a Inner circumference and an outer circumference has a first and a second width perpendicular to the Inner circumference to be measured between the inner circumference and the outer circumference, characterized in that the first width is greater than the second width. Such face masks are preferably bandless, and their attachment and sealing done by a hydrogel adhesive. Furthermore, an improved Covering layer for claimed and described an adhesive of such a face mask.

Brief description of the drawings

It It is believed that the invention will be better understood in connection with the attached drawings, in which:

1 is a plan view of the wearer facing side of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

1a Figure 11 is a plan view of the wearer facing side of the same preferred embodiment of the present invention, the figure also showing the A-axis defining portions on the waistband.

2 Figure 3 is a side view of the same preferred embodiment of the present invention.

3 is a plan view of the wearer facing side of a preferred embodiment of an adhesive cover layer formed by carrier papers.

Detailed description of the invention

General

The present invention relates to face masks which regulate the inspired air and improve its quality. These are sometimes referred to as respirators, and here they are also used as face masks ( 10 ) or masks ( 10 ) designated. Such masks ( 10 ) comprise at least one fret ( 20 ) and at least one air control module, such as a filter layer ( 30 ), which may be integral or interconnected, and which may be detachable or non-detachable parts.

A respirator ( 10 ) according to the present invention may be designed to cover only the mouth of the wearer or only the nose of the wearer, but is preferably designed to cover both respiratory organs, and may be any known in the art Attachment means may be provided, such as headbands or straps, which may extend around the head and neck area or which may extend around the ears of the wearer. Highly preferred fasteners according to the present invention are adhesive fasteners, such as an adhesive layer, which are disposed on the wearer facing side of the collar (FIG. 20 ) is provided.

Furthermore, the respirator ( 10 ) with any sealing means known in the art, for example with a foam. However, in the most preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adhesive layer is on the face mask (FIG. 10 ) and serves both as a fastener and as a sealant.

A respirator provided according to the present invention ( 10 ), hereinafter referred to as Ge face mask ( 10 ), Face mask ( 10 ) or mask ( 10 ) comprises, as essential elements, a covenant ( 20 ) and a filter layer ( 30 ). Preferred embodiments are in 1 and 2 shown. These embodiments are primarily suitable as disposable masks for private users who want to prevent infections.

Federation

The Bund ( 20 ) is used for sealing and preferably for fixing the mask ( 10 ) on the face of a wearer. The waistband should not cover the respiratory organs (mouth and nose) of the wearer. When the mask is designed to cover the mouth and nose of a wearer, the waistband usually rests against the nose, cheeks and chin of the wearer.

The waistband has an inner circumference ( 22 ), which surrounds the respiratory organs of the wearer, and an outer circumference ( 24 ), usually the outer contours of the mask ( 10 ), see 1 and 2 ,

In one aspect, the present invention is to provide the face mask ( 10 ) with a significantly improved federal government ( 20 ). Surprisingly, it has been found that providing a face mask ( 10 ) with a bunch ( 20 ) of uneven width sealing the face mask ( 10 ) to the face of a wearer.

The term "width" used here denotes the distance between the inner circumference ( 22 ) of the Confederation ( 20 ) and the outer circumference ( 24 ) of the Confederation ( 20 ), in the direction perpendicular to the inner circumference ( 22 ).

In particular, it has been found advantageous to use parts of a federation ( 20 ), which abut the nasal bone and in the middle of the chin of a wearer to carry out in a large width. Furthermore, it has been found to be advantageous to use part of the Confederation ( 20 ) in the areas between the nose and cheeks and around the mouth angle of the wearer in a small width. Thus, in one aspect of the present invention, a plurality of first widths may be measured at the waist which are greater than a plurality of second widths that may be measured at the waistband. Preferably, at least one of these first widths is at least 10%, more preferably at least 20%, even better at least 30%, even better at least 40%, even better 50%, most preferably 80% larger than at least one of these second widths.

Preferably, the respirator provided according to the present invention is 10 ) is symmetrical about a longitudinal axis which mirrors the symmetry between the left half and the right half of the human face. As used herein, the term "midpoint" refers to the point on the longitudinal axis that is the distance from the outer circumference of the nose portion (FIG. 26 ) to the outer periphery of the chin midsection ( 29 ) halved, as in 1a shown.

As to the angle measured clockwise between the longitudinal axis and a reference axis A passing through the center, see 1a Preferably, in the following paragraphs, areas of lesser width are found: first in a section of 20 ° to 80 °, preferably 30 ° to 70 °, most preferably 40 ° to 60 °, and second in a section of 100 ° to 150 ° Preferably, 105 ° to 140 °, preferably 110 ° to 130 °, and in the two corresponding mirror-symmetric sections on the other side of the longitudinal axis. These areas are also called cheek parts ( 27 ) and corners of the mouth ( 28 ), see 1 ,

In another important aspect, the parts of the Confederation ( 20 ), which, as described above, have a smaller width, also referred to herein as "narrow parts", a joint effect that allows facial movements Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that this joint effect of the higher flexibility of the Federal ( 20 ) can be attributed to such narrower parts, since there is less material provided. It is also believed that there are fewer wrinkles on the narrower parts than on the wider parts when 20 ), z. B. by facial movements, tension is exercised. It is believed that such wrinkles are a cause of imperfect sealing.

The face mask ( 10 ) of the present invention may have any shape, for example, circular, oval, square, rectangular or triangular. Oval shapes are preferred. Usually, the shape of the face mask ( 10 ) substantially from the outer circumference ( 24 ) of the Confederation ( 20 ). If it is intended for an adult wearer, the outer circumference ( 24 ) of the Confederation ( 20 ) may be shaped to have a height, measured along the longitudinal axis, of from 5 cm to 15 cm, preferably 8 cm to 12 cm and a width measured along a transverse axis through the center, from 8 cm to 20 cm and preferably from 10 cm to 15 cm. The height is preferably chosen to allow for small facial movements and mouth opening. Surprisingly, it has been found that the face mask ( 10 ) according to the present invention even allows, for example, speech and cough, offering both high comfort and safety gain.

Surprisingly, it has been found that the Federal ( 20 ) in a configuration as described above for a significantly improved fit and comfort of the mask ( 10 ). In particular, it has been found that both improved sealing and reliable attachment can be achieved in combination with the adhesives disclosed below - without the use of too strong an adhesive and as preferred according to the present invention, without resort to other fasteners such as belts or headbands.

Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is believed that the provision of parts of lesser width will make it easier for the Federation ( 20 ), which typically has a flat or two-dimensional shape prior to use, allows the three-dimensional contours of the human face to be more accurately and without wrinkles usually forming the seal of the mask (FIG. 10 ), to follow.

In some embodiments of the present invention, an air control module ( 30 ) with more than one fret ( 20 ) fitted. Bundles ( 20 ) can be provided, for example, in a stack arrangement in which a used bundle ( 20 ) and a new federation ( 20 ) comprising a new adhesive layer. The stack assembly is held together by the layers of adhesive on the bundles ( 20 ) are provided for attachment to a support. In such embodiments, the outermost fret ( 20 ) before using a carrier sheet ( 40 ) be covered.

Air control module

A highly preferred air control module according to the present invention is a filter layer ( 30 ). The filter layer ( 30 ) can be created from a number of different materials and from a number of different material combinations. Preferred materials include nonwovens, fabrics, e.g. Silk, linen or cotton, and tissue paper. Further, any material known in the art of absorbent articles may be used, namely sanitary napkins, panty liners, and diapers serving as the topsheet or backsheet of such absorbent articles. Materials known for use in an upper leaf provide good fluid permeability and, consequently, good air permeability, and are also suitable for skin contact. Materials known for use in a back sheet typically provide a lower level of air permeability, but recently developed materials provide such high vapor and air permeability that they may well be considered for the present use. Because of the humidity of the exhaled air, materials that provide good vapor permeability are highly preferred to avoid a feeling of moisture while wearing the face mask. On the other hand, the filter layer ( 30 ) preferably filter out some moisture from the exhaled air, eg. As traces of saliva or blood, to prevent the spread of infection.

In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, the mask ( 10 ) and best the filter layer ( 30 ) also an odor-absorbing compound, for example activated carbon or zeolites.

The of the face mask ( 10 ) according to the present invention comprises 30 ) should be chosen to have a certain degree of flexibility. Flexibility provides for better conformance to the individual face contours of a wearer, low pressure on the adhesive areas for facial movements, and convenient packaging of the device, and should be chosen in view of this.

The of the face mask ( 10 ) comprised filter layer ( 30 ) should, however, also be chosen to have a degree of rigidity. Depending on the particular embodiment of the present invention, the stiffness of the flexible sheet prevents the sheet from protruding into the mouth of the wearer (with the mouth open). The contact of the tongue with this sheet may be considered unpleasant by some wearers, for example because the taste of a nonwoven fabric may be perceived as unpleasant.

The requirement for stiffness on the one hand can be reconciled with the requirement for flexibility on the other hand, if a somewhat stiff or at least not thin material with an elastic means, for example wrinkles ( 32 ). A large number of different fold patterns can serve to provide stretchable means. The area of the filter layer ( 30 ) which bears directly on the mouth of a wearer is preferably free of wrinkles ( 32 ). Wrinkles are therefore preferably provided slightly above the upper lip and adjacent the lower lip of a wearer, optionally, folds may also be provided in the nose region of a wearer. In highly preferred embodiments of the present invention, two or four folds ( 32 ), preferably one or two folds, over the upper lip or under the lower lip of a wearer. A preferred embodiment with four folds is shown in FIG 2 shown. The folds may be symmetrically arranged, but it is more preferable to have an asymmetrical arrangement to obtain greater extensibility in the nose area than in the mouth area.

In alternative embodiments of the present invention, the air control module ( 30 ) comprise more complex equipment to control the inhaled and / or exhaled air. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air control module ( 30 ) Means for controlling, in particular for enriching the inhaled air, for example with oxygen, as used in an artificial respiration device in medical practice. In another preferred embodiment, the air control module ( 30 ) Means for analyzing the exhaled air. Such means may be arranged to analyze traces of alcohol consumed, as e.g. In alcohol tests by the police, and it is also contemplated to use means to analyze exhaled air for a person's metabolism for broader medical purposes.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the air control module is ( 30 ) detachable on the collar ( 20 ), and the air control module ( 30 ) can therefore be replaced. Replacing the air control module ( 30 ) can be done when the mask ( 10 ), which at least has the advantage of an economic reuse of the federal 20 ), or in other cases may be done while wearing the mask (eg, to accommodate different filter requirements in a work environment) without the need to 20 ) and fix again.

preferred adhesives

According to the present invention, the adhesive on the wearer facing side of the face mask ( 10 ) in any pattern, symmetric or asymmetric, e.g. In a pattern of dots or stripes. Preferably, the adhesive is only on the collar ( 20 ) of the face mask ( 10 ), and the filter layer ( 30 ) is free of adhesive.

The adhesive is in one or more areas on the wearer facing side of the respirator ( 10 ), hereinafter also referred to as "device", as a layer having a certain thickness or thickness C, measured in millimeters (mm), Preferably, the thickness C is for all adhesive-covered areas (FIG. 20 ) constant, but the strength C can also vary.

The adhesive is applied to at least a portion of the wearer-facing side of devices, in a layer having a thickness or thickness which is preferably constant, or alternatively may vary over the surface to which the adhesive is applied. The adhesive may be applied to the wearer-facing side of the device by any means known in the art, for example, by slot coating, spiral or bead application, or printing. Usually, the adhesive is applied at a weight per unit area of from 20 g / m ² to 2,500 g / m ² , preferably from 500 g / m ² to 2,000 g / m ² , most preferably from 700 g / m ² to 1,500 g / m ² . depending on the intended end use.

A detailed analysis of the sequence of common situations caused by the devices enter when such devices are removed It has been shown that certain adhesive properties are preferred Fulfills have to be to the desired Achieve performance goals, especially the initial one Secure attachment and fixing during use and the to ensure painless removal after wearing. The properties, considered in this context were are the modulus of elasticity, which describes the elastic behavior of the material, and the viscosity modulus, which describes the viscous behavior of the adhesive material.

The viscous behavior of the adhesive can be interpreted as providing information about the fibers The ability of the adhesive to adhere quickly to a particular surface and stick to it. The elastic behavior can be interpreted as an indication of the "hardness" behavior of the adhesive, and its value is also important for good initial fixation.Their combination is an indicator of the force required in the removal.The relationship between Young's modulus and viscosity modulus says which portion of the removal energy is dissipated within the adhesive and which fraction is available to cause the actual removal.

Around Adhesive for a safe initial Attachment and a lasting attachment as well as for a light / painless Distance are also the ratio between the modulus of elasticity and the viscosity modulus as well as their dynamic behavior of importance.

The Adhesive has a modulus of elasticity at a temperature of 37 ° C (100 degrees Fahrenheit), abbreviated G'37, a viscosity modulus at a temperature of 37 ° C (100 degrees Fahrenheit) from G''37, and a viscosity modulus at a temperature of 25 ° C (77 degrees Fahrenheit) from G''25.

The adhesive according to the present invention preferably satisfies the following conditions:
G'37 (1 rad / s) is in the range 500 Pa to 20,000 Pa, preferably 700 Pa to 15,000 Pa, most preferably 1,000 Pa to 10,000 Pa,
G''37 (1 rad / s) is in the range 100 Pa to 15,000 Pa, preferably 100 Pa to 10,000 Pa, most preferably 300 Pa to 5,000 Pa,
and the ratio G'37 (1 rad / s) / G''37 (1 rad / s) is in the range of 1 to 30.

Provided, that the above rheological conditions are met, fulfill the adhesive also conditions such as sufficient cohesion (um Adhesive residues on to prevent the skin), which for the commercial use of such adhesives are important and for the Those skilled in the art are apparent. Adhesive compositions containing the meet the above criteria, can as an adhesive for the Device used, provided that they are also the usual Meet requirements, to be safe for the use on human or animal skin during use and in general after disposal of the device.

Often the criteria of hygienic appearance are considered, so that adhesive compositions are preferred which when applied transparent or white.

you has found that the ratio between the thickness or strength C, measured in millimeters (mm), of the layer in which the adhesive is provided, usually on at least a part of the surface facing the carrier Device, and the viscosity module G''25 at about 100 rad / s of the adhesive for that is, to what extent an easy and painless removal such an adhesive is provided by the skin of the wearer on at least part of the carrier facing surface a device for attaching this device to the skin a carrier was applied.

Thus, the adhesive of the present invention is preferably provided as a layer having a thickness C such that the viscosity modulus G "25 (100 rad / s) and the thickness C preferably satisfy the following empirical equation: G "25 ≤ [(7.00 + C) × 3.000] Pa and preferably also the following empirical equation: G "25 ≤ [(5.50 + C) × 1.700] Pa

In a preferred embodiment Although the thickness C of the adhesive layer is according to the present invention constant, but such an adhesive layer can also be different Thicknesses at different parts of the wearer facing surface of the Device to which it is applied, provided that that in any case in each part the above relationship between C and G''25 is present.

The skin of the wearer to which the devices are typically attached varies considerably from person to person. Especially the type and amount of produced fat or sebum can vary considerably from person to person. However, the facial area, and especially the area around the chin, is known to produce large amounts of sebum and to rapidly restore such sebum, even if some are removed therefrom, e.g. B. by cleaning the corresponding areas of the skin. In addition, the Trä Apply such creams on the skin area of such devices, which comes into contact with the adhesives, eg. B. moisturizers. It is therefore important to provide an adhesive that adheres to oily skin. Accordingly, the present invention provides an adhesive having dry initial peel strength (PDI) and greasy initial peel strength (PGI) as determined by the test method described herein, with a PDI to PGI ratio of 1: 1 to 1.0: 0.2, preferably from 1: 1 to 1: 0.3. Typically, the dry initial peel strength (PDI) for use for devices is from 0.1 N / cm to 7.0 N / cm, preferably from 0.1 N / cm to 5.0 N / cm, more preferably 0.5 N / cm to 3 N / cm. The value of the greasy initial peel strength is preferably the same as for the dry initial peel strength. Usually, however, a lower degree is achieved and acceptable levels are from 0.1 N / cm to 5 N / cm, preferably from 0.1 N / cm to 3 N / cm, more preferably from 0.1 N / cm to 2 N. /cm. Further, when the adhesion to greasy skin is maintained over a period of wear such that the ratio between the greasy initial peel strength (PGI) and the greasy final peel strength (PGF) is from 1: 1 to 1: 0.25, it is preferred preferably from 1: 1 to 1: 0.5.

by virtue of the nature and environment in which such devices It is further preferred that the adhesive be used by a water absorption capacity, as defined in the present test, of at least 3% by weight This adhesive is excellent (so that the adhesive directly on wet or moist skin adheres). In particular, the ratio of the Peel strength of the adhesive as in the present test methods fixed, preferably kept at a constant value, so the ratio the initial one Peel Strength (PDI) and Final Peel Strength (PWF) from 2: 1 to 1: 4, preferably from 2: 1.25 to 2: 4, most preferably from 2.0: 1.5 to 2.0: 2.5. Usually should for Devices the initial Peel strength for dry and better for too wet skin from 0.1 N / cm to 7.0 N / cm, 0.1 N / cm to 5.0 N / cm, preferably from 0.5 N / cm to 3.0 N / cm.

In addition, will it is further preferred if the adhesive not only has its peel strength above a certain level Period of time, even if water is present, but also less than 15%, preferably less than 10%, better still less than 7% water absorbed. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that ability of the adhesive to absorb water must be taken into account to achieve direct adhesion to wet skin and over a a constant liability benefit for a given period of use Even if it is very large amounts of liquid or high Moisture is exposed. In particular, it has been found that not only the absolute ability Adhesive for water absorption, but also speed considered the water absorption must be to provide an adhesive, the above-mentioned Performance parameters met.

Hydrocolloid particles containing adhesives known in the art, comprising a three-dimensional rubber matrix and dispersed therein colloidal absorbent particles, for example, can only be limited Quantities of water through the colloidal particles themselves and not through the matrix itself. Besides, the speed is with the water is absorbed, low. These adhesives of the state The technique therefore does not adhere to wet surfaces.

Hydrogel adhesives On the other hand, the prior art is capable of not only large quantities absorb water, but also at a very high speed. Consequently, you can Although such adhesives adhere to wet surfaces, but due to the combination of high absorption speed and large absolute Water absorption, these adhesives quickly lose their adhesive strength, if they are very big Water or high humidity are exposed.

Corresponding the adhesives of the present invention exhibit both an ability to to adhere directly to wet skin, as they have a minimum absolute water absorption capacity in combination with an absorption rate, so, that the peel strength over stays within defined values throughout the wearing period.

The Adhesive is provided with the preferred pattern, usually on the carrier facing surface the device, as a layer with a thickness or thickness C, the is preferably constant. The layer may preferably be continuous or alternatively be interrupted, z. In the form of points, spirals or stripes.

adhesives are like pressure-sensitive adhesives on human skin, Hair and mucosal tissues used, but of course the Adhesive compositions based on the most characteristic rheological behaviors that characterize such materials, difficult as typical pressure-sensitive adhesives (hereinafter referred to as PSA).

As the expert for Adhesive is known, is indeed the most characteristic feature that differentiates a PSA from other substances, at times on objects be liable (eg, water could adhere between two glass plates), the fact that their rheological Parameter and in particular the modulus of elasticity G 'with the frequency of the applied pressure vary considerably. Notably the G 'of PSA can be over several orders of magnitude while away the frequency of the applied pressure from the typical binding frequency to the typical removal frequency varies, d. H. 1 rad / s to 100 rad / s, as indicated below.

When first consequence, it is therefore inadmissible to define substances which are intended to serve as "adhesives" by they are given values of rheological parameters and in particular of G 'at a fixed Frequency value there. This can be misleading as this is when other Characteristics such as surface chemistry are missing, substances will be included, that have no practical value. Therefore, the rheological characterization based on dynamic considerations respectively. This is not only true for the modulus of elasticity G ', but also for the viscous modulus G '' and thus also for tan (d) = G "/ G '.

It It is well known that typical PSAs are not just a big variation from G 'over the affected frequencies, but also that G '' still shows much higher fluctuations that to approach the value of G 'or even exceed it can, d. H. tan (d) will be about 1 or even greater than 1, especially at Frequencies typical of the replacement are.

Without To be committed to a theory, this can be interpreted as such be that it means that a high proportion of the energy that for the replacement is spent inside the adhesive (causing it to cause the replacement is ineffective) and through the interface of the adhesive and the Skin is dissipated while this fact macroscopically to the registration of a very high Levels of adhesive power leads.

 As stated above, have substances that act as adhesives according to the present Can be used invention, rheological properties in a Reference temperature of 37 ° C (as usual Body temperature of People) and measured in a range of frequencies. you has found that when attaching a device with an adhesive forms the adhesive contact at a low frequency, while the replacement at the speed with which the device was removed becomes. This speed is expressed as a frequency of 100 rad / s, whereas it has been found that the low frequency for emergence the bond in the order of 1 rad / s. The frequency range for use according to the present invention Invention is thus between 1 and 100 rad / s.

Around to provide good bonding conditions, d. H. at a frequency of about 1 rad / s, the absolute values of the Young's modulus should not be too high, because the adhesive is otherwise too hard and not intimately with the Surface, where it should adhere, connect or attach to it. Furthermore It is important that G '' is low Absolute value has to have a good cohesion while that Material its softness and its ability to gently on the skin to stick.

The relationship G'37 (1 rad / s) too G''37 (1 rad / s) is important to make sure that these two values stick are in balance on the skin.

groß genug ist, um sicherzustellen, dass das dynamische Verhalten sowohl des Elastizitätsmoduls auch des Viskositätsmoduls in einem Verhältnis bleiben, das eine sichere Haftung und eine schmerzfreie und leichte Entfernung bietet.It is important that the relationship

is large enough to ensure that the dynamic behavior of both the modulus of elasticity and viscosity modulus remains in a ratio that provides secure adhesion and painless and easy removal.

Finally will those skilled in the art will also recognize that the glass transition temperature Tg of the adhesive composition, the specific heat capacity and the specific thermal conductivity Are parameters that are helpful to the group of usable ones Adhesive more complete define.

ist nicht weniger als 0,5, vorzugsweise 0,7 bis 3, am besten im Bereich 1 bis 1,8.The following set of properties should preferably be satisfied for the adhesive of the present invention:
The relationship

is not less than 0.5, preferably 0.7 to 3, most preferably in the range of 1 to 1.8.

Of the Value of the ratio G'37 / G''37 should be at least for the frequency range above 1 rad / s preferably not less than 0.5, preferably up to 100 rads / s from 0.7 to 10, and most preferably from 1 to 7.

The rheological behavior may also be in proportion to the values of the glass transition temperature Tg be set. For topical adhesives according to the present invention Tg should preferably be less than 0 ° C, better less than -5 ° C, and am best less than -10 ° C.

In cases in which adhesion and sealing on hairy skin is desired, as is often the case when the face mask is from a male carrier is worn, in particular by a bearded man, in view of the optimal rheology of the adhesive additionally takes into account the following become:

As stated above, have substances that act as adhesives according to the present Can be used invention, rheological properties in a Reference temperature of 37 ° C (as usual Body temperature of People) and measured in a range of frequencies. you has found that when attaching items with an adhesive, the adhesive contact is formed at a low frequency, while the replacement with the speed at which the item is removed becomes. This speed is expressed as a frequency of 100 rad / s, whereas it has been found that the low frequency for emergence the bond in the order of 1 rad / s. The frequency range for use according to the present invention Invention is thus between 1 and 100 rad / s.

Around to create good bonding conditions, d. H. at a frequency of about 1 rad / s, the absolute values of the elastic modulus should be G 'not too high be because the adhesive is otherwise too hard and not intimately with the surface, where it should adhere, connect or attach to it. Furthermore It is important that G '' is low Absolute value has to get a good cohesion while that Material its softness and its ability to gently on the skin to stick.

Around to ensure the penetration of the hair through the hydrogel adhesive So that the adhesive comes into contact with the skin surface and adhere to it can, and thus the hair on removal also easily from the Hyrogel adhesive can solve without causing pain or leaving behind, must, like it has now been found, the modulus of elasticity and the viscosity modulus of the adhesive are within certain absolute values and a have minimal delta.

The following series of properties should be satisfied for the adhesive of the present invention:
G'37 (1 rad / s) is in the range 100 Pa to 4,000 Pa, preferably 300 Pa to 2,500 Pa, most preferably 400 Pa to 1,500 Pa.
G '' 37 (1 rad / s) is in the range of 100 Pa to 5,000 Pa, preferably 200 Pa to 2,000 Pa, most preferably 300 Pa to 2,000 Pa.
G'37 (1 rad / s) is at least 50 Pa,
G '' 37 (1 rad / s) preferably at least 150 Pa, more preferably at least 200 Pa, most preferably at least 300 Pa.

Around initially and preferably over the required liability throughout the entire wearing period To ensure the skin, the adhesive also has a peel strength from 0.1 N / cm to 5 N / cm, preferably from 0.2 N / cm to 3 N / cm, such as according to the here specified test method.

The Values of the modulus of elasticity, of the viscosity modulus and peel strength be chosen from the above ranges, depending on the intended End use.

W

= Gewicht (ein konstantes spezifisches Gewicht angenommen)

V

= Volumen

C

= Lockigkeit (Verhältnis der Länge von ausgestrecktem Haar und der Länge von nicht ausgestrecktem Haar)

The nature of the hair itself also affects the ability of the hair to penetrate the hydrogel adhesive, with particular importance to the strength, length, density and curl of the hair. It has now been found that the suitability of a particular hair type for embedding in a hydrogel adhesive can be determined by the following equation, based on hair from a reference range of 1 cm ² . W × C × G'25 (1 rad / s) <24 With:

W

= Weight (assuming a constant specific weight)

V

= Volume

C

Curl (ratio of length of extended hair and length of unextended hair)

Around To provide adhesive compositions that meet the requirements the above rheological and physical properties fulfill an adhesive, can any medically suitable, substantially water-insoluble, pressure-reactive An adhesive comprising a polymer having a three-dimensional matrix forms, which has these properties can be used.

According to the present The invention comprises the three-dimensional matrix, here also as a gel denotes, as an essential component, a polymer that physically or chemically crosslinked. The polymer can be a naturally occurring or a synthetically produced polymer. The non-networked Polymer includes repeating units or monomers which of vinyl alcohols, vinyl ethers and their copolymers, carboxyvinyl monomers, Vinyl ester monomers, esters of carboxyvinyl monomers, vinylamide monomers, Hydroxy vinyl monomers, cationic vinyl monomers containing amine groups or quaternary Groups, an N-vinyl lactam monomer, polyethylene oxides, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyurethanes, acrylics such as methyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, Methoxydiethoxyethyl methacrylate and hydroxydiethoxyethyl methacrylate, Acrylamides and sulfonated polymers, e.g. sulfonated acrylamide polymers such as 2-acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPs) and acrylic acid (3-sulfopropyl ester) (SPA), and mixtures thereof. In addition, acrylonitrile, methacrylamide, N, N, -dimethylacrylamide (NNDMA), acrylic esters such as methyl, Ethyl and butyl acrylates. Alternatively, the non-crosslinked polymer be a homopolymer or a copolymer of a polyvinyl ether or one from a maleic acid half ester derived copolymer. Likewise, any other compatible ones Polymer monomer units are used as copolymers, such as Example polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylic acid or ethylene and vinyl acetate.

When another alternative can the polymers are thermoplastic block copolymer elastomers, such as Example ABA block copolymers, e.g. Styrene-olefin-styrene block copolymers or ethylene-propylene block copolymers. Still more preferably such polymers hydrogenated styrene / ethylene-butylene / styrene (SEBS), styrene / isoprene / styrene (SIS) and styrene / ethylene-propylene / styrene (SEPS).

Especially preferred polymers are acrylics, sulfonated polymers such as, for example sulfonated polymers of acrylamide, vinyl alcohols, vinyl pyrrolidone, Polyethylene oxide and mixtures thereof. Most preferred nitrogen-containing polymers.

According to the present The invention also essentially encompasses the three-dimensional adhesive matrix a plasticizer, preferably a liquid at room temperature is. This material is chosen that the polymer is dissolved or dispersed in the plasticizer can. In embodiments, in which is to be crosslinked by radiation, the plasticizer must also be compatible with radiation crosslinking so that it does not hinder the process of polymer cross-linking by radiation. The plasticizer may be hydrophilic or hydrophobic.

suitable Plasticizers include water, alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, such as for example, glycerin and sorbitol as well as glycols and ether glycols, such as mono- or diether of polyalkylene glycol, mono- or diester polyalkylene glycols, polyethylene glycols (typically up to a molecular weight of about 600), glycolates, glycerol, Sorbitan esters, esters of citric and tartaric acid, imidazoline derivatives as amphoteric surfactants, lactams, amides, polyamides, quaternary ammonium compounds, Esters, such as phthalates, adipates, stearates, palmitates, Sebacate or myristates and combinations thereof. Especially preferred are polyhydric alcohols, polyethylene glycol (having a molecular weight up to about 600), glycerin, sorbitol, water and mixtures thereof.

typically, For example, the adhesive comprises a weight ratio of polymer to plasticizer from 1: 100 to 100: 1, more preferably from 50: 1 to 1:50. The exact quantities and relationships of the polymer and plasticizer however, largely by the exact nature of the used Polymers and plasticizers and can easily by the expert chosen become. A polymer material with a high molecular weight requires for example, a larger amount plasticizer as a polymer having a small molecular weight.

It also includes the adhesive further preferably a lipid micellising polymer, d. H. a so-called hyperspiralized polymer. This polymer causes the micellization and the removal of the rolled-up fat pockets from the gel-skin interface.

This hyperspiral polymer has the ability to use the primary surfactant micelles with hydrophobic skin contaminant, for example skin fat or skin cream, in touch come to solvize more effectively. This functional role has As a result, the adhesion between adhesive and skin through the presence of a surfactant and / or a hydrophobic skin contaminant progressively less impaired becomes.

The hyperspiralized polymer preferably comprises one of the following Substances, either alone or in combination: poly (maleic acid styrene), Poly (maleic acid-butyl vinyl ether), Poly (maleic acid-propyl vinyl ether), Poly (maleic acid-ethyl vinyl ether) and poly (acrylic acid ethyl acrylate).

One a particularly preferred example is an alternating copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride. As set out below, this has Adhesive tends to be a two-phase polymerisation Structure to form. These two phases are hydrophilic and hydrophobic. The hydrophobic phase may be provided by a hydrophobic monomer initially by a reactive solvent bridge as Part of the homogeneous reaction mixture is retained. alternative and / or additionally For example, the hydrophobic component is provided as a polymer that separates during the polymerization of the aqueous phase.

The exact quantities and ratios of the hyperspiral polymer depend largely on the nature of the components.

In some cases Preferably, the reaction mixture comprises from 3% to 20% by weight. and more preferably from 8% to 18% by weight of the reaction mixture from a stabilized polymer dispersion that is used to provide a stable, phase separated system. The polymer preferably comprises one of the following copolymers, either alone or in combination: vinyl acetate dioctylmaleate copolymer or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is preferred, e.g. that under the trade name DM137 sold by Harlow Chemicals.

Further For example, the adhesive preferably comprises surfactants, such as nonionic, cationic, anionic, amphoteric surfactants and any mixtures from that.

Suitable non-reactive nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, those surfactants selected from the group consisting of the condensation products of a higher aliphatic alcohol, such as a fatty alcohol containing from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms in one straight or branched chain configuration condensed with from about 3 to about 100 moles, preferably from about 5 to about 40 moles, and most preferably from about 5 to about 20 moles of ethylene oxide. Examples of such nonionic ethoxylated fatty alcohol surfactants are the Tergitol ^® 15-S series from Union Carbide and Brij ^® surfactants from ICI. Tergitol ^® 15-S surfactants include polyethylene glycol ethers of a secondary alcohol (C ₁₁ -C _15). The surfactant Brij ^® 58 is polyoxyethylene (20) cetyl ether, and the surfactant Brij ^® 76 is polyoxyethylene stearyl ether (10).

Other suitable non-reactive nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, those surfactants selected from the group consisting of the polyethylene oxide condensates of one mole of alkylphenol containing from about 6 to 12 carbon atoms in a straight or branched chain configuration about 3 to about 100 moles of ethylene oxide. Examples of nonionic surfactants are the Igepal ^® CO and CA series from Rhone-Poulenc. Igepal ^® CO surfactants include nonylphenoxy poly (ethyleneoxy) ethanols. Igepal ^® CA surfactants include octylphenoxy poly (ethyleneoxy) ethanols.

A another group of useful non-reactive nonionic surfactants includes, without limitation to be, those surfactants selected from the group which from block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or Butylene oxide exists.

Examples of such nonionic block copolymer surfactants are the Pluronic ^® - and Tetronic ^® -Tensid series from BASF. Pluronic ^® surfactants include ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers. Tetronic ^® surfactants include ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers. Suitable examples are Pluronic L68 and Tetronic 1307. Particularly suitable examples are Pluronic L64 and Tetronic 1107.

Still other satisfactory non-reactive nonionic surfactants include, but are not limited to, be to be limited, those surfactants selected from the group consisting of sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters and polyoxyethylene stearates. Examples of such nonionic surfactants are the surfactants of Fettsäureestern clamping ^®, Tween ^® and Myrj ^® from ICI. The surfactants include clamping ^® C ₁₂ -C ₁₈ sorbitan monoesters. The surfactants Tween ^® include poly (ethylene oxide) _{C12 -C18} sorbitan monoesters. The surfactants include Myrj ^® poly (ethylene oxide) stearates.

Suitable anionic surfactants usually comprise a hydrophobic moiety selected from the group consisting of (about C ₆ to about C ₂₀ ) alkyl, alkylaryl and alkenyl groups, and an anionic group selected from the group consisting of sulfate, Sulfonate, phosphate, polyoxyethylene sulfate, polyoxyethylene sulfonate, polyoxyethylene phosphate and the alkali metal salts, ammonium salts and tertiary amino salts of such anionic groups.

Anionic surfactants that can be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to those surfactants selected from the group consisting of (about C ₆ to about C ₂₀ ) alkyl or alkylaryl sulfates or sulfonates such as sodium lauryl sulfate (commercially available as Polystep ^® B-3 from Stepan Co.) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (commercially available as Siponate DS-10 ^® from Rhône-Poulenc); Polyoxyethylene (about C ₆ to about C ₂₀₎ alkyl or -Alkylphenolethersulfate with the repeating ethylene oxide unit in the surfactant below about 30 units, preferably below about 20 units, most preferably below about 15 units, such as Polystep ^® B-1 commercially available from Stepan Co. and Alipal ^® EP110 and 115 from Rhone-Poulenc; (about C ₆ to about C ₂₀ ) alkyl or alkylphenoxy poly (ethyleneoxy) ethyl monoesters and diesters of phosphoric acid and its salts having the repeating ethylene oxide unit in the surfactant below about 30 units, preferably below about 20 units best, is below about 15 units, such as Gafac ^® RE-510 and Gafac ^® RE-610 from GAF.

cationic Surfactants useful in the present invention include, without being limited to these to be those surfactants selected from the group consisting of quaternary ammonium salts, in which at least one group of higher molecular weight and two or three lower molecular weight groups with linked to a common nitrogen atom to form a cation form, and where the for the electric equilibrium anion is selected from the group which consists of a halide (bromide, chloride, etc.), acetate, nitrite and low alkyl sulfate (methosulfate, etc.). The substituent or the substituents with higher Molecular weight on nitrogen is often one or more higher Alkyl group (s) containing from about 10 to about 20 carbon atoms, and the lower molecular weight substituents may be lower Alkyl having from about 1 to about 4 carbon atoms, such as for example Methyl or ethyl, which in some cases may be substituted, for Example with hydroxy. One or more of the substituents may be one Aryl moiety, or may / may be replaced by an aryl be, for example by benzyl or phenyl.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the surfactant comprises at least one propylene oxide / ethylene oxide block copolymer, for example, like that of BASF Plc under the trade name Pluronic L64 is sold. The reaction mixture ideally comprises 0.1 to 5 wt .-% of the reaction mixture of surfactant.

The Surfactant causes the removal of the fat from the skin and the transfer of the fat removed fat in isolated pockets in the hydrogel, without the adhesive power to reduce the coating.

Other usual additives known in the art, such as preservatives, antioxidants, Pigments, mineral fillers and Mixtures of these can also in the adhesive composition in amounts of each be contained up to 10 wt .-%.

According to the present Invention may physically the polymer component of the adhesive or chemically crosslinked to the three-dimensional matrix form. Physical crosslinking refers to polymers with crosslinks, which are not covalent chemical bonds but the physical ones Are nature, so in the three-dimensional matrix areas with a high crystallinity or to find areas with a high glass transition temperature are. Chemical crosslinking refers to polymers by chemical bonds are crosslinked. Preferably, the polymer becomes chemically crosslinked by irradiation processes, for example by Irradiation with heat, Electrons, UV light, gamma rays or microwaves.

In addition, when chemical crosslinks are formed in the system, a polyfunctional crosslinking agent and / or a free radical initiator may be present in the premix to upon irradiation to initiate crosslinking. Such an initiator may be present in amounts up to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.02% to 2%, more preferably from 0.02% to 0.2%. Suitable photoinitiators include type I α-hydroxyketones and benzyldimethylketals, e.g. Irgacure 651, which are believed to form benzoyl radicals upon irradiation which initiate polymerization. Preferred photoinitiators of this type have no substituents in the para position of the aromatic ring. Particular preference is given to 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone (available under the trade name Irgacure 184 from Ciba Specialty Chemicals), also Darocur 1173 (2-hydroxy-2-propylphenyl ketone) and mixtures of Irgacure 184 and Darocur 1173. In addition, 0.02% to 0.001% may also be used 2% thermal initiators are used.

The resulting adhesive composition is primarily hydrophilic. Hydrophobic and mixed phase compositions depend on the nature of the adhesive components from. Furthermore may consist of a mixture of monomers, either purely hydrophilic or both hydrophilic and hydrophobic, a single phase or a Mixed phase of at least two phases emerge. Preferably the adhesives of the present invention mixed phase hydrophilic / hydrophobic.

One Mixture of monomers resulting in 1, 2 or more phases can, is preferred. Mixed phase adhesives are compositions, in which both hydrophobic and hydrophilic components, preferably in both plasticizers and polymers, two or more separate Form phases. In such cases Preferably, an emulsifier is present in an appropriate amount to to form stable emulsions between the incompatible phases.

Without to commit oneself to a theory one is of the opinion that the improved peel strength of the adhesives and their fluid stability, in particular in terms of water, be achieved by a monomer mixture, which is both hydrophilic, z. B. polar and / or ionic monomers, preferably an ionic water-soluble monomer, as well as hydrophobic, i.e. water Monomers, contains. Preferably, the ratio should from hydrophilic monomers to hydrophobic monomers in the range of 5: 1 to 1: 5, preferably from 3: 1 to 1: 3, more preferably from 2: 1 to 1: 2 lie. The hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of a Monomer components are always relative to the other component. Usually For example, prior art hydrogel adhesives include only hydrophilic ones Monomers, so they have a high water absorption rate and their Lose adhesive force when exposed to excessive fluid. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the water absorption rate of the adhesive decreases when the adhesive matrix contains a hydrophobic component. The water absorbed by the adhesive is thus distributed more evenly. Between the skin surface and the adhesive therefore does not form a water film that otherwise the formation of bonds between the skin and the adhesive and thus the adhesion of the adhesive itself.

The Invention thus seeks to provide a homogeneously dispersed reaction mixture, which comprises both a hydrophobic and a hydrophilic component and when polymerized into a biphasic or a multiphase Structure breaks up. It has been found that the phases in some make have a thickness of about 100 microns +/- 50 microns. The reaction mixture can be one or more surface active Have agents which support the phase separation or can drive forward, but in the course of the polymerization anisotropic between the resulting Phases are distributed.

The Presence of a hydrophobic monomer or polymer may occur in the initial homogeneous dispersion may be required to make the phase separation more effective advance.

It is a consequence of this invention that the phase separated material contains relatively hydrophobic areas, that allow the polymer to to act as a pressure-reactive adhesive, and substantially hydrophilic Areas that make it the surface active Enable agent, in an aqueous Environment at the interface between the polymer and the skin of a mammal. When the polymer in contact with skin comes, the texture and amount of the surface-active Agent so chosen that natural or synthetic hydrophobic material, for example, skin fat or Skin cream, from the skin surface is removed without the adhesion between the hydrophobic areas and the skin surface disadvantageous to reduce. As far as both the one formed in this invention polymeric adhesives as well as the skin with which it comes in contact Under normal conditions of use are deformable, you get to the interfaces a balance after a certain spatial exchange of hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas on the skin surface.

Suitable preferred hydrophilic monomers are acrylic acid and salts thereof, 2-acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, acrylic acid (3-sulfopropyl ester) and salts thereof, and combinations thereof. A special the preferred example is 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt, commonly known as NaAMPs, commercially available from Lubrizol, either as a 50% aqueous solution (reference code LZ 2405) or as a 58% solution (reference code LZ 2405A). Suitable hydrophobic monomer components are methyl, ethyl, n-butyl, hexyl, isooctyl and isodecyl acrylates and methacrylate, vinyl ethers, vinyl pyrrolidone, glycidyl acrylate and ethoxyethyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, vinyl propionate and vinyl butyrate and combinations thereof. Particularly preferred are ethoxyethyl acrylate or butyl acrylate.

If the adhesive comprises a hydrophobic component, such as, for example Butyl acrylate, as well as a hydrophilic monomer (i.e., the above called water-soluble ionic monomer), such as NaAMPS, one prefers the presence a nonionic water-soluble Monomers, for example NNDMA, which acts as a so-called "reactive solvent bridge" to the before the Polymerization is an intimate mixture of the various apparent To obtain incompatible components of the reaction mixture. The reaction mixture therefore has a homogeneous structure that is both hydrophilic and contains hydrophobic components in intimate mixture, since the NNDMA for both hydrophilic as well as for hydrophobic substances as solvents serves and provides a clear compatible coating solution or dispersion. As the reactive solvent bridge polymerizes and is thereby substantially removed from the reaction mixture, is the stability of the system and go through the compatible coating solutions or dispersions a phase separation, so that they then have a biphasic structure form.

In a preferred embodiment The invention includes the aforementioned nonionic water-soluble monomer at least one mono- or di-N-alkylacrylamide or an analogue of it. The term "analog" in this context refers to nonionic water-soluble Monomers containing an alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group contain that over an amido or alkylamido function (-CO-NH- or -CO-NR-) with a Carbon-carbon double bond connected are. examples for such analogs include diacetone acrylamide (N-1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl-acrylamide), N-alkylated acrylamides, N, N-dialkylated acrylamides, N-vinylpyrrolidone and acryloylmorpholine. N, N-dimethyl (NNDMA) and / or an analog thereof are preferred. The reaction mixture preferably comprises from about 15% by weight to about 30 wt%, and ideally from about 15 wt% to about 25 wt% the reaction mixture of the nonionic water-soluble Monomer.

Of the term used herein "reactive Solvent bridge "refers to a partial lipophilic nonionic water-soluble monomer that has the ability has to divide between the hydrophobic and aqueous phases, wherein the hydrophobic monomer substantially solubilizes in the homogeneous reaction mixture is before the polymerization starts. The solvent bridge is insofar as it is a polymerizable monomer, the participates in the polymerization reaction. Without relying on a theory It is believed that the solvent bridges function of nonionic water-soluble Monomers predominantly before and in the relatively early stages of the polymerization reaction exercised and decreases with the progress of the polymerization reaction.

In the preparation of adhesive compositions according to the invention, the ingredients are usually mixed to form a homogeneous reaction mixture in the form of an initial water-based pre-gel liquid formulation and this is then gelated by a free radical polymerization reaction. This can be achieved, for example, by the use of conventional thermal initiators and / or photoinitiators or by ionizing radiation. Photoinitiation is a preferred method and is commonly practiced by exposing the pre-gel reaction mixture containing a suitable photoinitiator to UV light after it has been coated or coated onto siliconized support paper or other solid substrate. The intensity of the UV irradiation at a wavelength in the range of 240 to 420 nm is ideally substantially 40 mW / cm ² . The processing is generally done in a controlled manner and involves a precise, predetermined sequence of mixing and heat treatment or history.

Of the time frame for the UV irradiation should ideally be below 60 seconds and preferably below 10 seconds to make a gel with a higher conversion of the monomers than 95%, and for a higher one 99.95% conversion is subject to UV light irradiation 60 seconds and preferably less than 40 seconds. The expert will understand that the extent of irradiation depends on the thickness of the Reaction mixture, the concentration of the photoinitiator and the Texture of the substrate to which the reaction mixture applied is, and the UV source depends.

These times are for medium pressure mercury arc lamps with a power density of 100 W / cm as the UV source. The intensity of UV radiation with a wavelength of 254 nm and 313 nm, wel surface area of the substrate is about 150 μW / cm ² and 750 μW / cm ² . The UV intensity of each lamp depends on its performance and the distance of the reaction mixture from the UV source.

In order to preferably few and preferably no monomers remain, it is important ensure that the reaction is complete. This depends on a number of factors, such as the substrate, on which the adhesive is applied, of the type and intensity of the ultraviolet light and the number of ultraviolet light irradiations. Preferably, the conversion of the existing hydrophilic monomers, such as NaAMPS, 98%, preferably 99%, and best 99.9%, such that the amount of monomers in the adhesive 4,600 μg / g or less, preferably 2,300 μg / g or less, preferably 230 μg / g or less. equally should be the conversion of existing hydrophobic monomers, such as for example NNDMA, 99%, preferably 99.9%, and most preferably 99.99% so that the amount of monomers present in the adhesive 2,200 μg / g or less, preferably 220 μg / g or less, preferably 22 μg / g or less.

The So adhesive is becoming common by polymerization of a homogeneous aqueous reaction mixture formed, comprising from 5 wt .-% to 50 wt .-%, preferably from 30 wt .-% to 50 wt .-%, of the reaction mixture of a hydrophilic Monomer, d. H. an ionic water-soluble monomer of 10% by weight to 50 wt .-%, preferably from 15 wt .-% to 45 wt .-% of the reaction mixture from a plasticizer (other than water), up to 50% by weight, preferably from 10% to 50%, more preferably 15% by weight to 30 wt .-%, particularly preferably from 15 wt .-% to 25 wt .-% of Reaction mixture of a nonionic water-soluble Monomer, up to 40 wt .-%, preferably from 0.05 wt .-% to 40 wt .-%, more preferably from 3 to 40 wt .-% of the reaction mixture of water. If the reaction mixture comprises a surfactant, its Amount up to 10 wt .-%, preferably from 0.05 wt .-% to 9 wt .-%, more preferably less than 8% by weight of the reaction mixture. Likewise the reaction mixture also from 0.1 wt .-% to 5 wt .-% of the reaction mixture comprise a lipid micellierenden polymer, and it can by 1 wt .-% to 30 wt .-% of the reaction mixture of at least one hydrophobic monomer.

Of the term used herein "homogeneous aqueous Reaction "referred a substantially solubilized system in which substantially no phase segregation takes place before the polymerization reaction. An emulsion, a microemulsion or a phase separated mixture, in which a polymerization reaction takes place later, For example, it is not a homogeneous aqueous reaction mixture such as it is understood for the purpose of the present invention. When a Reaction mixture contains hydrophobic components are therefore special activities required to homogeneity to reach, as detailed here is described.

Surface properties of the polymerized materials

It a consequence of this invention is that the phase separated polymerized Material at least on its surface relatively hydrophobic areas contains that allow the polymer to to act as a pressure-reactive adhesive, and substantially hydrophilic Areas that make it the surface active Enable agent, in an aqueous Environment at the interface between the polymer and the skin of a mammal. When the polymer in contact with skin comes, the texture and amount of the surface-active Agent so chosen that natural or synthetic hydrophobic material, for example, skin fat or Skin cream, from the skin surface is removed without the adhesion between the hydrophobic areas and the skin surface disadvantageously decrease. As far as both in this invention formed polymeric adhesive as well as the skin with which it comes in contact can be deformed under normal conditions of use, one obtains the interfaces a balance in which a certain spatial exchange of hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas on the skin surface.

you has determined that the phase separated polymerized surface material mainly contains well-defined hydrophobic phases, which in a hydrophilic Embedded matrix in which the water mainly contain is. The hydrophobic phases are generally elongated Form with a transverse extension over the wavelength from light (e.g., about 0.5 to about 100 microns). You can therefore under a light microscope on a sample to be visualized, the dyed with a dye which binds preferentially to the hydrophobic phase.

The surface morphology of the elongated hydrophobic phases can vary widely. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that as the polymerization reaction proceeds Any changes in surface tension at the hydrophobic / hydrophilic interface can cause the morphologies in the final polymer to change. This surface tension may be affected by the nature and amount of both the reactive solvent bridge and the surfactant and other factors.

Therefore is it the elongated one hydrophobic phases on the surface the polymerized material possible, in a coalesced or alternatively in a relative to collect open arrangement. The microscopically visible hydrophobic phase may be, for example, as interrupted linear and / or branched strands or present as closed loops that are in the hydrophilic Embedded matrix.

The polymerized material is common non-bicontinuous. At least one of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic Phases are discrete areas within the polymerized Materials before and the two phases do not extend simultaneously over the polymerized material (bicontinuity).

The Adhesive is typically applied to at least a portion of the carrier facing surface the device provided, as a layer having a thickness or thickness C, the preferably constant, or alternatively over the surface, on which the adhesive is applied may vary.

If in particular, the phase of removing an adhesive composition for the Attachment to the skin of a wearer considered, one can usually realize that good conditions for the removal, d. H. at a frequency of about 100 rad / s, the adhesive that at least on a part of the carrier facing surface was applied to the device, then achieved when the Adhesive easily from the skin and especially from the body hair, which may be located in this skin area where the device is in with the body contact comes, can be removed without causing pain to the wearer, and thus without too strong adhesion to the skin and hair of the hair carrier at the distance. About that closes out A good distance with one that the adhesive has no residue on on the skin or on the hair.

The relationship between the thickness or strength C, measured in millimeters (mm), of the adhesive layer, which is usually on at least a part of the surface facing the carrier Device, and the viscosity modulus G''25 at 25 ° C at about 100 rad / s of the topical adhesive gives information about the painless and easy removal of the adhesive from the skin.

Without to commit oneself to any theories, one is the View that at higher Values of G''25 at 100 rad / s, the total of a higher one Bonding strength of the composition correspond to a thicker starch or Thickness C of the adhesive layer is required so that the energy, the for the distance is expended, more uniform in the mass of the adhesive is spread and thereby gently transferred to the skin, causing energy spikes usually avoided the pain at the carrier cause. In other words, thinner layers of the adhesive require an adhesive with a lower G''25 at 100 rad / s, to lower the removal of the device Pang to obtain.

test methods

Peel strength method

This is a quantitative method for determining the average peel force required to remove a skin at a predetermined peel angle and speed. Equipment scissors Suitable source Standardrichtmaß Suitable source steel roller 5.0 kg mass, 13 cm diameter and 4.5 cm width with 0.5 mm thick rubber coating polyester film PET 23μ, available from EFFEGIDI SpA, 43052 Colorno, Italy Transfer adhesive 3M 1524, available from 3M Italia Spa, 20090 Segrate, Italy stopwatch Suitable source Tensile Tester Instron, Model 6021 (or equivalent) Test method A) Pull tester settings: Load cell 10 N Test speed 1,000 mm / min Distance from terminal to terminal 25 mm preload 0.2N "LM" -Prüfbahn 50 mm measurement variable F mean (N) in "LM"

B) Skin condition and preparation

• 1) Trocken: Der Unterarm ist unbehandelt und wurde vor dem Test beziehungsweise zwischen den Wiederholungen nicht abgewischt.
• 2) Nass: Auf ein Baumwollwattepad (Demak'up, Durchmesser 5,5 cm, Gewicht etwa 0,6 g), werden 3 ml destilliertes Wasser gegeben. Als nächstes wird mit dem Baumwolwattepad mit leichtem Druck drei Mal über den Testbereich auf dem Unterarm gerieben. (Der Testbereich des Unterarms ist ein Rechteck, das ungefähr 2 cm breiter und länger ist als der Haftmittelbereich.)
• 3) Fettig: Auf ein Baumwollwattepad (Demak'up, Durchmesser 5,5 cm, Gewicht etwa 0,6 g) werden 4 Tropfen (etwa 0,2 g) „Nivea Body" gegeben. Dann wird das Baumwollwattepad zusammengefaltet, um sicherzustellen, dass die Creme aufgenommen wird. Als nächstes wird mit dem Wattepad mit leichtem Druck drei Mal über den Testbereich auf dem Unterarm gerieben. (Der Testbereich des Unterarms ist ein Rechteck, das ungefähr 2 cm breiter und länger ist als der Haftmittelbereich.)

The sample is pulled off the forearm. Three skin conditions are examined:

• 1) Dry: The forearm is untreated and was not wiped off before the test or between the repetitions.
• 2) Wet: On a cotton pad (Demak'up, diameter 5.5 cm, weight about 0.6 g), 3 ml of distilled water are added. Next, the cotton pad is rubbed three times over the test area on the forearm with light pressure. (The test area of the forearm is a rectangle that is about 2 cm wider and longer than the adhesive area.)
• 3) Greasy: Apply 4 drops (about 0.2 g) of "Nivea Body" to a cotton pad (Demak'up, diameter 5.5 cm, weight about 0.6 g), then fold the cotton pad together to ensure Next, gently rub the cotton pad 3 times over the test area on the forearm with the cotton pad (the test area of the forearm is a rectangle that is approximately 2 cm wider and longer than the adhesive area).

C) Preparation of the sample

• 1. Acclimate the samples for about 1 Hour in an air-conditioned room (23 ± 2 ° C and 50 ± 2% rh).
• 2. Prepare rectangular adhesive samples of 260 mm ± 2 length and 20 mm ± 2 Width.
• 3. Attach the polyester film to the surface of the Sample (using the transfer adhesive to the polyester at the substrate surface to fix).
• 4. Each test copy should be prepared individually and checked immediately.
• 5. Remove the backing paper from the adhesive without touching it. Laying an end on the skin (see paragraph B).
• 6. roll the steel roll 160 mm along the adhesive strip, in every direction once.

D) test environment

• 1) Klimatisierter Raum wie in C1 beschrieben.
• 2) Nasse Umgebung. Hier wird das Prüfexemplar nach Schritt C4 für 3 Stunden bei 85 °C in einen Ofen mit Luftfeuchtigkeitsregelung gelegt. Danach wird es entnommen, und es folgen die Schritte C5, C6.

The adhesive can be tested in 2 environments:

• 1) Air-conditioned room as described in C1.
• 2) Wet environment. Here the test specimen is placed after step C4 for 3 hours at 85 ° C in an oven with humidity control. After that, it is taken out, followed by the steps C5, C6.

E) execution

1 The minute after step C6 becomes the free end of the test copy (about 100 mm long) and into the upper end of the Haftkraftprüfmaschine introduced. Make sure the exam copy at a 90 ° angle to the forearm. Switching on the testing machine.

F) Report

specification the average peel strength of 5 tests. The individual values are the basis for the calculation of the standard deviation between the samples.

test method for residual monomers

test sample

you takes 1 gram of a hydrogel sample and gives it in 100 ml 0.9% Saline.

The Sample remains in saline for 24 hours at 40 ° C.

One Aliquot of the liquid is diluted and analyzed by electrospray LC / MS / MS method.

calibration sample

you takes 1 gram of reference monomers (eg NaAmps) and dissolves them in 100 ml of 0.9% saline.

One Aliquot of the liquid is diluted and analyzed by electrospray LC / MS / MS method.

evaluation

you Determines the concentration of the test sample and the calibration sample by linear regression analysis using a software package such as VG Mass Lynx.

Examples

All in detail below formulations described were based on polyurethane foam (EV1700X from Caligen) with a coating weight of 0.8 to 1.6 kg per square meter applied and cured, by exposing them to UV radiation for 10 seconds from a medium pressure mercury arc lamp with a power density of 100 W / cm was emitted.

example 1

6.0 g Irgacure 184 with 20 g of IRR280 (PEG400 diacrylate) from UCB (Solution A) Mix. Add to 0.07 g of Irgacure 184 23.5 g of NNDMA and stir for an hour (Container protect from light). Add 30 g of glycerine and stir for 5 minutes, then add 40 g of NaAMPS (58%). Stir for another 5 minutes. 0.13 g of solution Add A and the entire formulation for 1 hour before use stir long.

Example 2

6.0 g Irgacure 184 with 20 g of IRR280 (PEG400 diacrylate) from UCB (Solution A) Mix. Add to 0.07 g of Irgacure 184 23.5 g of NNDMA and stir for an hour (Container protect from light). 10 g Mowilith DM137 (50% dispersion of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in water from Harco) and stir for 5 minutes. 30 Add glycerol and stir for 5 minutes, then add 40 g of NaAMPS (58%). Stir for another 5 minutes. 0.13 g of solution Add A and the entire formulation for 1 hour before use stir long.

Example 3

6.0 g Irgacure 184 with 20 g of IRR280 (PEG400 diacrylate) from UCB (Solution A) Mix. Add to 0.07 g of Irgacure 184 23.5 g of NNDMA and stir for an hour (Container protect from light). 10 g Mowilith DM137 (50% dispersion of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in water from Harco) and stir for 5 minutes. 30 Add glycerol and stir for 5 minutes, then add 40 g of NaAMPS (58%). Stir for another 5 minutes. 0.5 g Pluronic L64 (poly (ethylene glycol) -block-poly (propylene glycol) -block-poly (ethylene glycol), available from BASF). Add 0.13 g of solution A and the whole Stir formulation for 1 hour before use.

Example 4

Mix 6.0 g of Irgacure 184 with 20 g of IRR280 (PEG400 diacrylate) from UCB (solution A). Add to 0.07 g Irgacure 184 23.4 g NNDMA and stir for one hour (protect container from light). Add 2 g Mowilith DM137 (50% dispersion of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in water from Harco) and mix 5 min stirring for a long time. Add 36 g of glycerol and stir for 5 minutes, then add 40.36 g of NaAMPS (58%). Stir for another five minutes. 0.25 g of Pluronic L64 (poly (ethylene glycol) -block-poly (propylene glycol) -block-poly (ethylene glycol), available from BASF). Add 0.8 g of a 30% aqueous solution of polystyrene-altalic acid) sodium salt, available from Aldrich, and stir for 10 minutes. Add 0.13 g of solution A and stir the entire formulation for 1 hour before use.

Example 5

6.0 g Irgacure 184 with 20 g of IRR280 (PEG400 diacrylate) from UCB (Solution A) Mix. Add to 0.07 g Irgacure 184 23.4 g NNDMA and stir for an hour (Container protect from light). 10 g Mowilith DM137 (50% dispersion of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in water from Harco) and stir for 5 minutes. 36 Add glycerol and stir for 5 minutes, then add 40.36 g of NaAMPS (58%). Stir for another 5 minutes. 0.25 g Pluronic L64 (poly (ethylene glycol) -block-poly (propylene glycol) -block-poly (ethylene glycol), available from BASF). 0.8 g of a 30% aqueous solution of polystyrene-altalic acid) sodium salt, available from Aldrich, stir and stir for 10 minutes. Add 0.13 g of solution A. and stir the entire formulation for 1 hour before use.

Example 6

Mix 6.0 g of Irgacure 184 with 20 g of IRR280 (PEG400 diacrylate) from UCB (solution A). Add to 0.07 g Irgacure 184 23.4 g NNDMA and stir for one hour (protect container from light). Add 10 g of Mowilith DM137 (50% dispersion of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in water from Harco) and stir for 5 minutes. Add 36 g of glycerol and stir for 5 minutes, then add 40.36 g of NaAMPS (58%). Stir for another 5 minutes. 0.5 g of Pluronic L64 (poly (ethylene glycol) -block-poly (propylene glycol) -block-poly (ethylene glycol), available from BASF). Add 0.8 g of a 30% aqueous solution of polystyrene-altalic acid) sodium salt, available from Aldrich, and stir for 10 minutes. Add 0.13 g of solution A and stir the entire formulation for 1 hour before use. Phase-contrast optical microscopy showed that the resulting gel had a uniformly phase segregated surface (see 1 ).

Example 7

6.0 g Irgacure 184 with 20 g of IRR280 (PEG400 diacrylate) from UCB (Solution A) Mix. Add to 0.07 g Irgacure 184 23.4 g NNDMA and stir for an hour (Container protect from light). 20 g Mowilith DM137 (50% dispersion of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer in water from Harco) and stir for 5 minutes. 36 Add glycerol and stir for 5 minutes, then add 40.36 g of NaAMPS (50%). Stir for another 5 minutes. 0.5 g Pluronic L64 (poly (ethylene glycol) -block-poly (propylene glycol) -block-poly (ethylene glycol), available from BASF). 0.8 g of a 30% aqueous solution of poly (styrene-old-maleic acid) sodium salt, available from Aldrich, mix and stir for 10 minutes. Add 0.13 g of solution A. and stir the entire formulation for 1 hour before use.

Example 8

Glycerol portions were mixed with 40.4 parts of a 58% solution of the sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (NaAMPS) (LZ2405A) along with 0.5 part of Pluronic LF64 (BASF) and the solution was stirred to mix uniformly sure. To the solution was added 0.13 part of a solution containing 20 parts of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG600) (product of UCB Chemicals, sold under the trade name Ebecryl 11) in which 6 parts of 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (product of Ciba and marketed under the trade name Irgacure 184) had been solved. To this reaction mixture was added a premixed solution of 8 parts of butyl acrylate and 15.7 parts of N, N-dimethylacrylamide (Kohjin), and this final solution was cured as in Example 1 by irradiation with UV light. Phase-contrast optical microscopy showed that the resulting gel had a uniformly phase-segregated surface and adhered better to skin previously treated with skin cream (Nivea) (see below) 2 ).

Example 9

30 glycerol portions were added 0.5 part of a 30% aqueous solution of poly (styrene-alt-maleic acid) sodium salt, available from Aldrich, and 40 parts of a 58% solution of the sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid ( NaAMPS) (LZ2405A) together with 0.5 parts Pluronic P65 (BASF) and the solution was stirred to ensure uniform mixing. To the solution was added 0.13 part of a solution containing 20 parts of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEG600) (product of UCB Chemicals, sold under the trade name Ebecryl 11) in which 6 parts of 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone (product of Ciba and marketed under the trade name Irgacure 184 ) had been solved. To this reaction mixture was added a premixed solution of 6 parts of ethoxyethyl acrylate and 18 parts of N, N-dimethylacrylamide (Kohjin), and this final solution was cured as in Example 5 by irradiation with UV light. Optical microscopy showed that the resulting gel had a uniform phase-segregated surface (see 7 and the following related discussion).

Results

microscopy

The Gels of Examples 6, 8 and 9 were prepared using a Leitz Dialux 20 microscope, to which a camera "Wild MPS Photoautomat" was connected. The microscope was equipped with a 12.5 × eyepiece. The Image can then be enlarged with a series of lenses, of which the × 4, × 10 (phaco) and × 25 (Phaco) most often were used. Both phase contrast and bright field illumination were used.

To dye

The Sample from Example 9 was stained before microscopy. Around differentiates the hydrophobic areas of the surface of the hydrogel to color, one used a saturated one solution of Bromopyrogallol Red in methanol. The solution is applied to the surface of the Sample, which is then rinsed with methanol to excess color solution and Remove color solids. The criteria by which to use the dye chose, are given below.

The choice of a dye to differentially stain the more hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of this gel is influenced by many factors. This can be illustrated by comparing bromopyrogallol Red and fluorescein sodium, which are taken up or stored in different amounts in different polymer types. The two main factors are the charge and the hydrophobic properties. Bromopyrogallol Red is dominated by acidic -SO ₃ H and -COOH groups, and fluorescein sodium by a weakly acidic -COOH group. Rather basic domains of the polymer have the greatest affinity for the acidic dye, and the acidic domains have the lowest affinity for the acidic Dye. Furthermore, it can be seen that a material with a higher water content allows a faster absorption of a dye. In conventional hydrogels, this is influenced by the fact that higher water content material often contains the weakly basic N-vinylpyrrolidone or N, N-dimethylacrylamide groups which attract dyes containing acidic groups, e.g. B. -SO ₃ H and -COOH.

Next of acidity and basicity Dyes and polymers also have the distribution coefficients the dyes have a significant influence on the storage of Dyes in the materials. This feature becomes conventional and customary by measuring the partition coefficient of the dye between Octanol and water (KOW) described. Bromopyrogallol Red has one log KOW of -0.49 and fluorescein sodium has a log KOW of -0.98. Both dyes are able to stand between the watery and the non-aqueous Divide components of the polymers used.

Bromopyrogallol Red, however, probably the hydrophobic phase of the hydrophilic aqueous Phase, whereas fluorescein sodium is the aqueous environment would prefer. This preference is illustrated by the fact that conventional N-vinylpyrrolidone or N, N-dimethylacrylamide-based hydrogels tend to be about 30% of the dye bromopyrogallol red in the polymeric network save.

By the more intense color of Brompyrogallol Red, coupled with it greater affinity for hydrophobic Areas and its solubility in methanol, this dye is much better than sodium fluorescein, by different (differentiated) coloring the presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas in the surface of To display polymer gels.

topcoat

Prior to use, an adhesive is applied to the wearer's side of the face mask (FIG. 10 ), preferably covered by a cover layer, for example of at least one carrier sheet ( 40 ) or backing paper, for example siliconized paper.

According to the present invention, it has been found to be highly desirable to provide, for an article covering the respiratory organs of the wearer, a cover layer comprising at least two carrier sheets ( 40 ) is formed.

Preferably, each of these carrier sheets ( 40 ) from the outer circumference ( 24 ) of the Confederation ( 20 ) to the filter layer ( 30 ) and best to the center of the face mask ( 10 ). Such an embodiment allows the carrier sheet (FIG. 40 ) from the center rather than from the outer periphery of the face mask ( 10 ) out.

In highly preferred embodiments of the present invention, the carrier sheets ( 40 ) are provided with straight edges which, in the most preferred case, are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the face mask. Such an embodiment is in 3 shown.

In addition, it is preferred that the carrier sheet ( 40 ) which forms the cover layer overlaps, so that at least a part of at least one of the support sheets does not come into contact with the adhesive and thus the peeling off becomes easier. The outer contours of the carrier sheets ( 40 ) can be chosen to have the same shape as the outer circumference ( 24 ) of the Confederation ( 20 ), or they can be chosen to have a different, easily manufacturable form.

It has been found that the face mask ( 10 ) according to the present invention provides the best fit and comfort when the federal ( 20 ) is first made in the nose area and chin area of the wearer, and the adhesive contact is made later in the area of the cheeks and around the corner of the mouth. This facilitates the symmetrical attachment of the face mask ( 10 ), so that the longitudinal axis of the face mask ( 10 ) coincides with the symmetry axis of the face of a wearer. By providing at least two carrier sheets, as disclosed above, it is possible for a wearer to use the face mask ( 10 ) in this preferred manner.

While one of at least two carrier sheets ( 40 ) is highly advantageous when used for a face mask ( 10 ), as disclosed herein, such a cover layer can also be used to advantage for any other article with which the respiratory organs of a wearer to be covered. Namely, such items include, for example, anti-snoring devices as disclosed in copending EP patent application 00120457.7 (Attorney Docket 2409 FQ).

Claims (9)

Respirator mask ( 10 ), comprising a covenant ( 20 ) and an air control module ( 30 ), whereby the federation ( 20 ) an inner circumference ( 22 ) and an outer periphery ( 24 ) and first and second widths perpendicular to the inner circumference ( 22 ) between the inner circumference ( 22 ) and the outer circumference ( 24 ), characterized in that the first width is greater than the second width, wherein the second width in the cheek part ( 27 ) and / or in the corner of the mouth ( 28 ), and wherein the air control module ( 30 ) with a distensible agent ( 32 ) is provided. Respirator mask ( 10 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the first width is at least 10% larger than the second width. Respirator mask ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first width in the nose middle part ( 26 ) and / or in the chin midsection ( 29 ) is measured. Respirator mask ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the collar comprises a side facing the wearer and a side facing the wearer, characterized in that the side of the waistband facing the wearer ( 20 ) is provided with an adhesive layer. Respirator mask ( 10 ) according to claim 4, characterized in that the adhesive is a hydrogel adhesive. Respirator mask ( 10 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that the adhesive is a substantially water-insoluble pressure-reactive adhesive comprising a polymer forming a three-dimensional matrix and containing less than 10% by weight, preferably less than 5% by weight of the adhesive of hydrocolloid particles. Respirator mask ( 10 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that the adhesive comprises: - a polymer selected from acrylics, sulfonated polymers, vinyl alcohol, vinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide or mixtures thereof, and - a plasticizer selected from polyhydric alcohol, polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, water or Mixtures thereof. Device for regulating inhaled air, for example an artificial respiration device comprising a respirator ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims. Apparatus for analyzing exhaled air, for example an alcohol tester, comprising a respiratory mask ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims.