DE585862C - Contact device for the transmission of electrical energy in the projectile fuse - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN EMPIRE

ISSUED ON OCTOBER 11, 1933

PATENT LETTERING

CLASS 72 i GROUP

R82I22 XI] T2i

Patented in the German Empire on July 12, 1931

It has already been proposed to use electric projectile detonators for ignition or necessary to initiate such electrical energy in the gun barrel

"S only after firing, when the projectile is in motion, to be fed by means of a loading device temporarily acting on it. that are under voltage; a power source. Then, proper contact, even with several shots, is only guaranteed if the detonator contacts not only just touch the tube contacts, but rather protrude laterally on their path into the area of the tube contacts. This in turn means that the contact pieces on the tube and those on the detonator are flexibly supported against each other, i.e. transversely to the direction of movement of the projectiles towards or away from each other, so that they can be moved without damaging the tube contacts that are subject to repeated use and without any adverse effects of the subsequent free floor flight past each other i can get. ''.-.-.'

Known, proposed for drop devices of bombs this contact devices Type in which the tube contacts are from into the

; Tube core and the path of the ones guided in it Bomb protruding into it. Feathers are formed are not very suitable for guns. the Springs in the barrel are the impact of the artillery projectiles going off at high speed and the propellant charge cannot cope with the action of fire gases, they experience already after the first shot or a few following ones by bending or Burns permanent changes in shape that come into contact with the contact pieces no longer allow the projectiles to continue firing. '

These inconveniences are eliminated in the contact device according to the invention, that the task of the lateral and resilient approach of the tube and projectile contacts to each other for making contact which are only subject to a single use current-consuming contact pieces on the projectile. assigned. According to the invention, these are movably mounted on the floor and as yielding in the field of 'the current-carrying mating contact pieces of the charging device entering elements (slider, Flaps, springs). The charging contacts on the tube can now be outside of the Area of the lateral surface of the storeys passing them arranged lying down and as intrinsically rigid, resistant parts in firm connection with their carrier, the pipe. They form expediently around the pipe core or its extension. placed rings with a slightly larger inner diameter than the tube caliber amounts to.

*) From_ the patent seeker have been named as the inventor:

Dipl.-Ing. Otto Metzger in Düsseldorf and Herbert Rühlemann in Sömmerda._

The igniter contact pieces, which are movable on the projectile radially or tangentially to the projectile axis seated, can be put into their contact-making position by spring loading (self-resilience, Additional springs) from the outset or be made convertible into .this. It is useful to have an arrangement in which, when the projectile is in the transport state, in Recesses or depressions of the projectile body are mounted so that they can or lie within its outer circumferential surface and only after the projectile has been fired automatically when it passes the pipe contact pieces into the contact position step out. In order to bring about this movement, it is sufficient for drawn tubes to use the projectile contacts as centrifugal force pieces to train. Their storage can also be so that they after passing the Pipe contacts during the following free projectile joint either in their from the projectile jacket remain prominent position on the projectile - which according to the small The dimensions of the contacts have no disruptive influence on the bullet movement - or be thrown from the projectile. Means can also be provided which the projectile contacts only temporarily during the acceleration period in which the Projectile yorbeigang falls on the pipe contacts, from which projectile mahtel emerge let them move in again afterwards. The contact device according to the invention except for fuses from artillery projectiles, which have their guideway (the gun barrel) left in the direction of its longitudinal axis, also for the energy supply the detonator of projectiles (bombs) suitable, and so especially those, which, lined up one above the other in a magazine, are thrown off their longitudinal side. The arrangement of several current-carrying mating contacts on the charging device This makes it possible at differently large distances across the guideway of the storeys also, different energies in a detonator provided with several energy carriers at the same time and with certainty in the right place.

The drawing illustrates several embodiments of contact devices according to the invention for power transmission in electric fuses for artillery projectiles and dropping bombs during the

Projectile movement after firing or dropping when leaving the guideway.

Figs. 1 to 7 give examples of the current-taking contacts on projectile fuses; Fig * 8 shows one of the gun barrel muzzle Front contact arrangement of the charging device in longitudinal section, Fig. 9 in front view. In Fig. 10 shows the interaction of the contact pieces on the projectile fuse with the charging contacts illustrated on the gun barrel.

Figures 11-15 illustrate contact devices for the detonators of bombs dropped along its long side and the

Fig. 16 to 21 such for transmission different energies in one detonator at the same time.

As an example of an electrical igniter into which electrical energy is to be introduced by means of the contact device according to the invention, one is chosen which has electrical capacitors as ignition current carriers. As can be seen in the circuit diagram of the electrical igniter device entered in the floors according to FIGS. 1 and 2, it contains two capacitors. An ignition capacitor α can deliver the energy introduced into it as ignition current via an impact closing contact b or a discharge tube c connected in parallel and acting as an automatic time switch to an ignition means d for its ignition. A storage capacitor e feeds the capacitor α with the necessary energy gradually via a high resistance f , i.e. with a certain delay after it has been charged, and thus leaves the detonator for subsequent impact ignition as well as for time ignition only after a certain safety period become ignitable.

To introduce the electrical energy into the storage capacitor e , contact pieces g protruding from the projectile jacket or protruding at certain moments are used. These form the connecting links with one pole of a power source that is separate from the projectile. As a second supply line from the power source to the storage capacitor of the e igniter body itself serves communicating with a respective assignment of the two capacitors e and a conductive connection.

According to Figs. 1 to 3, the current- taking projectile contact piece g consists of a rigid lever which can be swung out around the pin g _± radially to the projectile axis and which is made of electrically non-conductive material (insulating material) in a body h screwed into the wall of the detonator body which tapers towards the front. is stored. On a front nose g _{2 of} the contact lever g presses a spring g _s from the inside and holds it pivoted in a correspondingly deeply worked out NuH _{1 of} the detonator body so that it lies within 12c of the shell surface when the projectile is in transit. With the rear end of the fastening bolt for the fork

like, metallic bearing part k of the contact lever g is able to come into contact with a resilient inertial contact piece / which is conductively connected to the one assignment of the storage capacitor e , but normally out of contact with the bearing part k of the contact lever g by contact with a resistor / leading Contact piece I ₁ keeps the ignition capacitor α closed with the storage capacitor e.

The contact lever g swings due to the centrifugal force occurring during the projectile rotation after firing from its position within the projectile surface (Fig. I) so far radially to the projectile axis that it enters the area (indicated in Fig. 1 by the line S) of a at a small distance from the outer surface of the projectile, the current-carrying mating contact piece of the charging device protrudes. This position of the contact lever g and its contact with the mating contact piece m of the charging device is illustrated in FIG. At the same time, it can be seen how the inertia switch /, as a result of the projectile acceleration when switching off, the ignition capacitor α from the storage capacitor 0, came into contact with the bearing pin k of the contact lever f and, under: Connection of the storage capacitor e to the contact lever g, the capacitor e. connected to the charging power source. The as. The pivot axis for the contact lever g serving bearing pin g _t can be arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bullet so that the contact lever g itself runs parallel to the bullet axis. It is expedient to incline the bearing pin g _± by the twist angle of the gun barrel against the projectile longitudinal axis and thereby allow the contact lever g itself to run in the direction of the projectile pulls, as illustrated in FIG. 3. Then, during the projectile acceleration period, 'enter the das. Swinging out of the contact lever g to make contact with the mating contact piece m of the loading device falls, no frictional resistance between the bearing and envelope surfaces of the contact lever, g and the fuse body resulting from the rotation of the bullet Swing out unhindered and as quickly as possible into its contact-making position.

'Fig. 4 shows two exemplary embodiments of projectile contact pieces g with natural springiness. After the left side drawn embodiment, the Geschoßkon- ^consists: · g täktstück from einenr on the insulating h

attached piece of spring wire, which is bent out with its free end from the start into the area (line S) of the current-carrying mating contact piece of the charging device. The oscillation of this contact spring g, which is then slightly bent back radially as it passes through the protective tube, into its contact-making position after leaving the barrel mouth, due to the centrifugal force, is still supported by the inherent springiness.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 on the right in longitudinal section and in the middle in top view, the foeie end of the contact spring g is pushed back into a slot i of the detonator body lying within its outer jacket surface against its tension-free position protruding above the projectile jacket (shown in dotted lines) when the projectile is in the transport state . It is held in place by a _{NaSeJ 1 of} the detonator body which partially covers the slot i (Fig. 5). The slot i has on its the Haltevörsprung I ₁ opposite side an oblique outlet to the projectile outer surface area, of g the retained under the jutted I ₁ contact spring (assuming right-hand twist) at the rotational acceleration of the projectile to the left under the projection I ₁ emerge and then to. Making contact with the mating contact piece of the charging device can swing out in the radial direction.

In the embodiment according to Figs. 6 and 7, a rigid contact lever g is held in its position within the outer surface of the detonator body by an inertia bolt η , which is mounted displaceably in the longitudinal direction of the bullet in the insulating body h , with its outer surface a front nose ^ ₂ ^{on the} contact lever g prevents it from moving inwards into the interior of the detonator body and thus prevents the contact lever g itself from swinging outwards. A spring% holds the safety bolt ^ in this locking position. When fired, the Sieherungsbolzenn settles due to its inertia under tensioning the spring W ₁ backwards and thereby gives the nose g _{2 of} the contact lever g space to oscillate. The contact lever then has the option of entering the area (line S) of the mating contact piece of the charging device. At the same time, a projection n ₂ on the securing bolt η has made contact with a flexible contact piece leading to the storage capacitor e (Fig. 1) / the previously interrupted connection between the contact lever g and the storage capacitor e . After the projectile has stopped accelerating shortly after the contact lever g has passed on the mating contact piece of the loading device, the spring n _{t pushes the safety}

bolt a forward again. Under pressure on the swung-in contact lever nose go, this pulls the lever g itself back from its swung-out position into the position (Fig. 6) in which it stepped back into the outer surface of the detonator body. For the further flight of the projectile, the smooth outer shape of the projectile has been recreated and there are no protruding parts that impair the flight of the projectile. In addition, the contact lever g has been switched off again by the advance of the securing bolt η from the detonator's storage capacitor.

! 5 The recesses i in the detonator body, which accommodate the movable contact pieces in their transport division, can be pasted over with strips of paper or, in the joints that remain free between their walls and the contact pieces, lined with an easily meltable or combustible compound to prevent the penetration of foreign bodies during storage and transport, thus preventing damage and jamming of the contact pieces and being removed when firing by the propellant gases or the outgoing contact pieces themselves.

According to the embodiment shown in Fig. 8 , the mating contact piece m of the loading device consists of a ring in front of the muzzle of the gun barrel R , the inner circumferential surface of which, tapering slightly from back to front, has a slightly larger diameter at its narrowest point than the barrel caliber. The contact ring m is clamped between two attachment pieces O ₁ , O _{2 of} the pipe mouth, one of which is attached to the pipe mouth and the second is attached to it _{by screw bolts 0 8.} Insulating intermediate layers p are inserted between the bearing surfaces of the contact ring m and the opposing surfaces of the pre-etched pieces O ₁ , O _2. These are moved out of the immediate area of the gas jet emerging from the pipe mouth in the radial direction, and protective projections W ₁ , O ₄ , O ₅ on the contact ring m and its bearing parts O ₁ , O ₂ prevent openings m ₂ , O ₀ forming in conjunction with gas discharge channels , O ₇ in these parts a pressure effect of the propellant gases on the insulating intermediate layers p. This arrangement keeps the harmful influences of the propellant gases away from the insulating layers ρ and switches off short circuits between the contact ring », which is connected to one pole of a power source through the line q, and the gun barrel R connected to the other pole of the power source.

A precise centering of the contact ring m to the pipe core is made possible by a pre-measured small radial play between the projections o _{5 of} the attachment O ₂ , the insulating liner p and the mating surfaces of the contact ring m , which serve as retaining means in the radial direction. After the plugging together of these parts and inserting the bolt o is ₃ m by the contact ring through an indicated in Fig. 8 with srrichpuiiktierten Liniöa caliber r pin in the barrel bore introduced. The thus centered contact ring m is clamped firmly between the two attachments O ₁ and O ₂ by tightening the screw connections O ₃ and retains this position during subsequent shooting. - The energy transfer into a fired projectile takes place within the time span during which the movable and radially outwardly curved contact piece g of the detonator brushes along the inner surface of the contact ring m of the loading device (Fig. 10). The circuit between the energy carrier of the detonator and the power source of the charging device is closed by the second connection that exists at the same time: energy carrier-projectile body-tube-power source.

Figs. 11 to 15 show contact devices according to the invention for the transmission of electrical energy in projectiles (Bombs) from the throwing device, for example a magazine, over its long side fall out, the bullets are (several on top of each other) with their head and rear end supported and guided in rails j of U-shaped cross-section. the electric detonators are those of the type shown in more detail in Fig. 1. One pole of the The energy source of the projectile fuse stands over the projectile body and the guide rail ί in connection with one pole of a power source. One movable in the bullet head stored ring gf forms the contact piece for connection to the second pole of the power source.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 11 '(longitudinal section through the projectile guideway) and Fig. 12 (cross section), this contact ring g in the projectile head is from a front position, in which its outer surface, which follows the projectile jacket surface, ends with this, against spring loading in an isolated space ί slidably mounted near the rear. Normally, the front face of the contact ring g is in contact with an annular projection of the projectile tip and is at the potential of the detonator body. The connection from it to the fuze's energy source is interrupted.

Inside the "guide rail s two countercontact pieces m of the charging device connected to the second pole of the power source are insulated and fastened in such a way that they enter the path of the contact ring g der'in the rail falling projectile comes out of the guide rail s

ίο its Kpntaktring g: for contact with the inclined surfaces of the mating contact pieces m and • is thereby shifted backwards in relation to the detonator body in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the projectile. ' The front face:

of the contact ring g comes out of contact with the detonator body, the contact ring g is now insulated from the latter and presses with its inner surface on a spring bolt which is in an electrically conductive connection with the energy carrier of the detonator. Igniter body and the guide rail j on the one hand and the contact ring g and the counter

- contact pieces »on the other hand, the circuit is established between the energy carrier of the detonator and the charging current source. The detonator is: charged. After passing the mating contact pieces tn of the loading device, the projectile contact ring g takes its front end position in the projectile head due to the spring loading; again, in which it is switched off from the energy source of the detonator.

At the. Embodiment according to Fig.

13 to 15 is isolated in the projectile head mounted contact ring ■ g -from a middle position at which its Außenmanteifläche of the projectile head NIIT terminates in a radial RICH ". Tutig against a" stored spring loading on all sides -verschieblich. It works with a fixed mating contact piece m at the outlet of the guide rail s , which protrudes from one side of the projectile into the path of the contact ring g and temporarily pushes it away in the radial direction towards the opposite side as the projectile passes. The inner surface of the sabot g comes into contact with a contact spring /; the detonator is charging. The arrangement of at least three contact springs Z in the cavity of the resiliently movable projectile contact piece g, around the fuse axis, as shown in Fig. 15, ensures the connection of the ring g to the energy carrier of the fuse in every possible rotational position of the projectile about its longitudinal axis in the guide rail s. and the resulting induced radial displacement of Kontaktringes'g "out by any bullet side.

The contact devices according to Fig. 16 to 21 serve for the simultaneous transmission of different energies into one and the same floor. They are independent of one another in the case of several storeys and ignition devices working with different energies at the same time, or they can be used with electric time detonators for temping for all possible detonator running times with the smallest possible Voltage range ', as well as more precisely control the ignition timing to be able to. "-

The contact devices shown serve the latter purpose. The projectile detonator is an electric double detonator of the type shown in Fig. Ι with a storage capacitor e and an ignition capacitor a, which transfers the energy transmitted to it from the storage capacitor e via a high-resistance resistor / with a delay via an impact lock switch b or a discharge tube c connected in parallel Ignition of an electrical ignition device can deliver d. In the above-mentioned embodiment according to Fig. 1, only the storage capacitor e is charged from a power source separate from the projectile by means of the contact device according to the invention when leaving the muzzle after the launch Resistance variable / between the two capacitors e and α the gradual increase in a voltage in the ignition capacitor α up to the ignition voltage (flashover voltage) of the discharge tube c in the ignition circuit ad - after a very specific time (longer or shorter, depending on the means A lower or higher voltage was charged). This also determines the ignition point. In order to keep the total required charging voltage range small, a certain voltage is expediently not only fed into the storage capacitor e, but also into the ignition capacitor ά when it leaves the barrel mouth who then d Through the subsequent transfer of energy from the storage capacitor, the voltage required to ignite the ignition means d and to break down the flashover tube c is brought completely.

For this purpose, the detonators according to Figs. 16 to 19 each have two movable contact pieces g ', g " , in the form of rigid levers like those shown in Figs. R and 2. The' contact piece g ' is the ignition capacitor a, the Contact piece g " the memory

assigned to capacitor e. With the movable projectile contact pieces g ', g " work together in front of the gun barrel muzzle in a fixed connection with this and at a certain distance one behind the other, the extension of the tube core enclosing annular mating contact pieces m', m" of the loading device. Your contact-making inner lateral surfaces have from the projectile guideway (indicated by the dash-dotted line F) in the transverse direction differently large distances x ', x ", and indeed in the illustrated embodiments, the contact rings follow one another in a step-like manner that the projectile as it passes them the contact piece m _t reached first, the contact-making inner lateral surface of which is closest to the projectile guideway in the transverse direction with the distance .λγ '.

Normally, ie when the projectile is in transit, the movable projectile contact pieces g ', g "are disconnected from the detonator capacitors e and α . When the mating contact pieces',» "of the loading device are crossed through, an electrically conductive connection is automatically established between g' and a or g" and e prepared. This is done in the embodiment of Fig. i6 and 3NC 17 by means of inertia contact pieces V, I "in the high resistance via the resistor / carrying connection line between the two capacitors. These inertial contact pieces / ', / "swing back during the Ge lap acceleration period due to their inertia in the igniter body and thereby establish the connection between the contact piece g' and ■ the ignition capacitor,« and between the contact piece g " and the storage capacitor e, while opening the capacitor connection line at the same time here.

In the embodiment according to Figs. 18 and 19 protruding noses / ', ■ / "on the contact levers g', g" come into contact with mating contact springs I ₁ when they swing out after leaving the barrel mouth Ignition capacitor α or the storage capacitor e are connected.

In the drawn embodiments, it is assumed that during projectile passage through the contact pieces of the charging device to achieve a certain ignition timing, the contact piece of the pipe opening lying next m 'at a potential of -j ~ 5 ° volts, the second contact piece m "in such a of + 200 volts is located; the pipe mass is at the negative pole of the power source. The storage capacitor e of the igniter should be given a voltage of 200 volts, the ignition capacitor a from the start a voltage of 50 volts for a faster increase in the voltage required to break down the tube c will.

So that the energies carried by the mating contact pieces m ', m "of the charging device are introduced in the correct way and to the correct place in the detonator, the projectile contact pieces g', g" are so limited in the embodiment according to Figs Projectile body arranged movably out that each of them when passing the mating contact pieces m ', m "of the charging device touches the last one that carries the energy to be introduced by it into the detonator. The contact piece g' assigned to the ignition capacitor a can only swing out so far that when passing through the first mating contact ring m 'of the loading device it touches its inner surface (Fig. 16), on the other hand when passing through the second mating contact ring w "it does not reach its surface (Fig. 17). Therefore, it brings into the ignition capacitor a desired voltage of 50 volts. The second projectile contact piece g ″ initially comes into contact with the narrower contact ring m 'as it passes through the charging contacts go, introducing the 50 volt voltage carried by this into the storage capacitor e and increasing it as it passes the second contact ring m " to the voltage of 200 volts carried by this. After the projectile acceleration has ceased, the inertial contact pieces 1 ', 1" swing back into their front position, in which they continue to switch off the projectile contact pieces g ·', g " from the capacitors e and α close the latter with one another via the resistor / so that the energy transfer from the storage capacitor e into the ignition capacitor α can begin.

In the case of the projectile contact arrangement according to Figs. 18 and 19, incorrect introduction of the voltages carried by the two contact rings m ', m " of the charging device into the detonator capacitors by the lugs V, I" of the contact levers g', g " in conjunction with the Prevents the switch formed by contact counter springs I _1. After the projectile has passed through the charging contacts, these switch off the contact levers g ', g ″ when they continue to swing away from the capacitors. For this purpose, the leverage ratios of g ' and V or of g " and ./■" are coordinated and the contact counter springs I _{1 are arranged} in such a position that once the switch V ₁ 1 ₁ is closed only as long as

the free end of the lever g 'has emerged into the area of the inner circumferential surface of the first mating contact ring m' of the loading device. On the other hand, the Sehalter Γ, I _{1 is} open when the contact lever g ' is folded into the shell surface of the projectile head while the projectile is being transported or when it comes into contact with its inner surface when the second contact ring m "of the loading device (Fig. 19) is crossed out. The second switch I ", I ₁ is not closed until and only as long as the contact lever" g "has swung out into the area of the inner circumferential surface 'of the front mating contact piece m" of the charging device.

It is useful for storeys with two or even more movable and with different counter contact pieces of the charging device cooperating contact members the latter, as in Fig. 16 to 19 drawn, arranged offset from one another in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the storey, that they all at the same time with their respective mating contact pieces of the Come into contact with the charging device and the different energies are introduced into the detonator at the same time.

With the contact arrangement according to Fig. 20 and 2r, the distribution of the different voltages carried by the two mating contact pieces "', m" of ^{the charging device takes place at:} the different points (ignition capacitor α and storage capacitor e) of the projectile fuse by means of a single movable one Gesehoßkontaktstücks g. After it emerges from the barrel mouth, it comes into contact with the two mating contact pieces in ', m " of the charging device one after the other and occurs with each individual contact by means of a nose I that re-enters the inside of the fuse with various contact springs I ₁ and thus with each other that energy carrier (ignition capacitor a, storage capacitor e) in connection to which the energy carried by the m ' or m'' just touched mating contact piece is to come. , ■

Claims (16)

Patent claims: i. Contact device for the transmission of electrical energy in projectile detonators from a charging device temporarily connected to it, characterized in that the current-taking "contact pieces (g) on the projectile transversely • Movable members to the floor axis (Sliders, flaps, springs) are flexible in the area to the side of the projectile trajectory arranged current-carrying mating contact pieces, (m) the charging device enter. \ ■ 2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the projectile contacts (g) in the transport state of the projectile in recesses or depressions (i, Fig. 1) of the projectile body are stored lying on or within its outer surface and only dependent on spring loading or as centrifugal pieces from the firing of the Ge-shot automatically emerge in their contact-making position with the counter-contact pieces (m) of the loading device. 3. Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the projectile . contacts (g) ■ in their transport position, in which they are in contact with the surface of the projectile or have stepped back into it, automatically in a known manner depending on the firing of the projectile (e.g. by the propellant gases, the projectile acceleration or the projectile rotation) triggered securing means (ΐ _υ Fig. 4; n, Fig. 6) are secured against protruding into their contact position. 4. Apparatus according to claim 1, optionally up to 3, characterized by means (n, n _t , g ₂ , Fig. 6), which the projectile contact pieces (g) advancing from the transport position into the contact position after they have passed the mating contact pieces (m) the loading device automatically return to its transport position. 5. The device according to claim 1, optionally up to 4, characterized in that the movable projectile contact piece (g) is in connection with a switch (n ₂ , 1, Fig. 6) located in the power supply line from it to the energy source of the detonator, which it in its transport position disconnected from the energy source of the detonator. 6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the movable projectile contact piece (g, Fig. 20; g ' or g ", Fig. 18) with the switch (I, I ₁ , Fig. 20; /', I ₁ or / ", I ₁ , Fig. 18) is inevitably connected and closes the open switch at the transition n ° from its transport position to the current-receiving contact position. 7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the movable projectile contact piece (g ' or, g ", Fig. 19) beyond a central position in which it is with its outer end in the path of the mating contact piece (m'or. M" , Fig. 19) of the charging device has entered and at the same time by closing the switch controlled by it (/ ', I ₁ or / ", I ₁ , Fig. 19) to the energy carrier of the detonator is connected, step out of the detonator body in an outer end position in which it, opening the switch again, is switched off from the energy source. 8. The device according to claim i, optionally up to 7, characterized in that that the current-carrying contact pieces (») of the charging device before the Gun barrel muzzle in fixed connection with this arranged in itself ■ are rigid rings whose inner circumferential surfaces that cooperate with the contact pieces of the projectile that passes through them Form contact surfaces. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the contact ring (m, Fig. 8) with the tube (JR) insulating connecting intermediate layers (p) moved out from the immediate area of the gas jet emerging from the tube mouth in the radial direction are and protective protrusions (m _u O _{4 5} O) ⁿ these parts prevent a pressure effect of the propellant gases to the insulating layers (p) on the contact ring and the bearing parts, in conjunction with gas removal channels forming perforations ( _«2> ° β> ° τ) i. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the contact rings (m, Fig. 8) of the loading device to the pipe core can be centered between two attachments (O ₁ , O ₂ ) enveloping it and its insulation (p ) of the pipe mouth. 11. The device according to claim 1, optionally up to 10, characterized in that for introducing different types of energies at the same time in one with several energy sources (a, e, Fig. 16 to 21) provided igniter on the charging device two or more with movable and flexible in their Area entering projectile contact pieces (g, g ', g ") cooperating mating contact pieces (m', m") are arranged. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that mating contact pieces (wl ', m ", Fig. 16 to 21) of the loading device in the longitudinal direction of the projectile guideway follow one another in a staircase-like manner with their contact surfaces transversely to the guideway of the projectiles at different distances the projectile as it passes them reaches the one closest to the projectile track in the transverse direction (m ') first, and that this mating contact piece carries the weakest energy, the others in the sequence of their greater distances carry the stronger energies. 13. The apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the projectile in one of the current-carrying mating contact pieces (m ' _} ta ", Fig. 16 to 19) of the charging device has a corresponding number of current-taking contact pieces (g', g") , of which one each is assigned to a mating contact piece of the charging device and transfers the energy carried by it into the detonator. 14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that each of the current-taking contact pieces (g \ g ", Fig. 16 and 17) is arranged on the projectile so limited movable out of this that it is when passing the mating contact pieces (m ^r , m" ) the charging device touches the last one that carries the energy to be introduced by it into the detonator. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the movable projectile contact pieces (g ^r , g ", Fig. 18 and 19), in positive connection with in the power supply lines of them to the energy carriers (a, e) of the detonator lying switches according to Claim 6 and 7, only close the switch assigned to them in the position in which they touch that mating contact piece of the charging device that guides the energy to be introduced by them into the taxu. 16. The device according to claim 11 or '12, characterized in that the introduction of various energies into a detonator by means of a single movable contact piece (g, Fig. 20 and 21) takes place on the projectile, in an inevitable connection with in the power supply lines from him to the energy sources of the detonator lying switches (I ₁ 1 ₁ ) according to claim 6 and 7, successively comes into contact with all mating contact pieces (mf, m ") of the charging device and is connected to that energy source of the detonator with each individual contact, to which the energy carried by the mating contact piece that has just been touched is to come. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings