DE564583C - Procedure for loading and filling boreholes - Google Patents

Description

Procedure for loading and occupying wells The accidents that occur in blasting operations in mines, quarries, tunnels, wells, railways and roads etc., in short with all blasting work, claiming great human lives year after year, imperiously demand the. a safe procedure for people involved in it for the completion of this work to hand.

This is especially useful for eliminating shot failures Case.

The blasting work has been carried out almost exclusively to this day in the following form. After the drilling work has been completed, the drill holes are earthed from the drilling dust cleaned. For this purpose one uses Iirätzer or with drill holes that by pneumatic drill hammers are manufactured, compressed air exhaust pipes. With vertical or nearly vertical This work is omitted with holes going upwards. Thorough cleaning of the Holes is not insignificant for the success of the blasting work. For damp boreholes the cleaning succeeds more or less imperfectly. It always becomes part of the Drilling mud adhere to the borehole walls. After cleaning the borehole the shot is loaded. The explosive cartridges are brought into the borehole individually and pressed against the bottom of the borehole by a wooden ramrod. Here it cannot be avoided that with damp blast holes a part of the on the borehole walls adhering Bohrschlarnmes is taken between the individual cartridges and separates them from each other. If dry drill holes are not cleaned carefully the same thing happens. At the end comes the impact cartridge, which is the electrical one Ignition with detonator and detonator for momentary ignition, with detonator, fuse and detonators for time ignition or for pure fuse ignition with detonator and Fuse is provided. That modern electric detonators use a fuel instead of a fuse have been mentioned for the sake of completeness. This impact cartridge will be exactly like brought an explosive cartridge into the borehole, albeit with larger attention Caution after loading the shot, the occupation takes place. The trimmings - clay, Latvians or rock dust - is in longer or shorter cartridge form by means of the ramrod brought to the explosive charge and pressed firmly or also when using rock dust interior trim blown in or loosely inserted. The shot is now loaded and occupied. the Detonator wires can be connected to the ignition cable or it can be the detonating cord ignited "- earth. If the shot is thrown away, the whole charge will explode, if the cartridges were tightly stacked. However, drilling mud or drilling dust is in between When the individual cartridges arrive, part of the explosive shot often remains in place. The remains of explosives are now through neighboring ones coming later Shots torn out and scattered in the pile or they remain in the borehole and can be struck when clearing the shot (borehole whistles). In in both cases they constitute a danger.

The failures represent an even greater danger: poor detonators, Detonators, detonators, detonator wires, firing lines, fuses, can be the cause be. But failures also often occur because of the less cautious Insertion of the impact cartridge separates the connections between the ignition means or that the detonator wires are damaged. If the boreholes are wet, there is moisture penetration the charge and the means of detonation very easily possible, the shot is drunk and must Be a failure.

If the rock is wet, the water entering a borehole is standing under pressure, it is very difficult, if not impossible, to remove the cartridges at first to catch into the borehole and occupy the shot. The pressure of the water becomes in many cases push out the load and trim. But even if you have the charge can stick in the borehole is a leaching of the explosive by the water possible and these shots are also failures. Eliminating a failure is there now always just as dangerous as inevitably necessary.

Lately attempts have been made to use it to detonate a failure without the risk of putting a plug of clay or wood on the last one Cartridge brings the charge. This plug is intended to separate the load and the stock from one another and allow the trimming down to the plug to be drilled out. With a special one Device, the plug can be removed from the borehole by itself. After removal of the trimming and the plug, it is possible to use the stuck shot to be provided with a new impact cartridge and to be thrown away. Apart from the boring of the occupation remains dangerous to a certain extent, even the detonator wires etc. because of, this procedure must lead to an overload of the explosive and thus lead to new sources of danger. Does the shot have a specification that z. B. eight cartridges requires an explosive, the shot fails, then after the ninth has been brought in Cartridge the shot already overloaded. With every overload, "let it be" that the The safety limit of the explosives or the charge for the explosive shot exceeded there is a risk of combustible bodies outside the borehole can be detonated because the energy of the excess explosive charge is not used is, this rather fizzled outside the borehole as a flame.

All of these difficulties and dangers want the one described below Invention through a simple and cheap @ 'experience.

The basic idea of the invention is explosives, detonators and trimmings to unite to a mine in such a way that they form a handling-safe whole, the transport yourself comfortably, bring yourself easily and safely into the borehole, yourself. simple, Can be easily and securely attached, and, if a shot fails, with a few simple steps to be removed. If the mine is removed, the borehole is completely empty there, as before the charge. The person authorized to shoot has the failure in his hands. He can break the failure down into its component parts and identify the causes that lead to failure led, pursue. After eliminating the fault, explosives, detonators and stocking are needed again.

But not only a completely safe blasting procedure provides Invention, but it demonstrably leads to monetary savings, so it is economically valuable.

Pipes serve as a means for assembling the mine. These pipes can be made of metal, cardboard or the like. The one shown in Fig.r Mine consists of the tube a, which have a slightly larger inner diameter must be used as the explosive cartridge b. This tube is open at one end and at the other end locked. The closed end is pulled in a little. This tube is used for Including the explosive cartridges, with the exception of the impact cartridge. The tube c is in the tube a pushed in. It must be as much smaller in diameter as the pipe a, than is necessary to fully accommodate the pipe c. The tube c is used to accommodate the impact cartridge (explosive cartridge with detonator, fuse and detonator with detonator wires) and the trimmings. It's open at both ends and open at one end pulled in something.

In the following, the tube a with the cartridge tube, the tube c with the filler tube designated. The mine is put together in such a way that the explosive cartridges individually placed in the cartridge tube and pressed tightly together with a wooden ramrod will. The impact cartridge is brought into the filling tube with the fuse wires in front, in such a way that the lower end of the impact cartridge with the lower end of the trimming tube cuts off. The diameter of the filling tube must be so large that the impact cartridge easily into the trim roll is to be inserted, but still fed up rests against the pipe walls. The filling tube is now so far into the cartridge tube pushed in until it rests on the explosive cartridges. Through the retracted end the entire free part of the pipe is filled with rock dust. To prevent the rock dust from trickling out, the retracted end the pipe is plugged with clay or Letten. The two pipes are off, they are off Metal (tin or zinc sheet), clamped together with pliers. Are you from Cardboard or the like, they can be easily glued together. Cardboard tubes - but you can too pierce lightly at point d and tie together with soft wire. In all The mine thus assembled forms a whole.

If a shot is now to be done away with, this mine becomes after that The borehole has been cleaned of drilling dust or drilling mud to such an extent that it absorbs the mine can, pushed into the borehole and clamped by the wooden wedge e. Whether the borehole is sufficiently free of drilling dust or drilling mud, must pass through before the mine is brought in a wooden stick (gauge), which must be slightly larger in diameter than the cartridge tube, to be established. The shot is now loaded and occupied, the fuse wires can connected to a power source and fired the shot. Comes with a cord worked, then the fuse is instead of the fuse wires through the trimming tube drawn.

The processes involved in breaking the shot are shown in Figure 2 will. As soon as the detonator and with it the impact cartridges explode, will the explosion pressure act in all directions. He becomes the nested Press the pipes radially against the walls of the borehole, the explosive cartridges in contact ignite and try to throw the rock dust out to the mouth of the borehole. This rock dust, which is an absolutely inert body due to its fineness, becomes so strong against the borehole walls immediately above the explosion site pressed so that an escape of even the smallest parts of explosive gases is impossible is.

If a shot fails for any reason, then the wooden wedge will e removed and the 1Iine pulled out of the borehole. The pipes are taken apart and the shot is broken down into its individual parts. The separation of the two pipes can be done at Sheet metal pipes using sheet metal snips, for cardboard pipes using a knife happen. After removing the defective primer, the whole shot is again second hand. If the boreholes are wet, take watertight pipes under all of them Circumstances at the junction can be sealed so that a dripping the shot is impossible. Even with shots going vertically downwards (shaft depths etc.) no water can get to the impact cartridge from above because the rock dust only allows moisture penetration after a long time. If water comes out of the borehole, so it has the opportunity to escape between the borehole wall and mine. In the borehole no pressure can arise from the escaping water, the difficulties with Loading and filling such boreholes are eliminated.

In factories in which the blasting work requires particular caution (firedamp pits, pits which are dangerous for coal dust, etc.), the blasting shots also require external rock dust in addition to the rock dust inside, this can be very easily attached when using the present invention by placing between the filling pipe and the fastening wedge or on the fastening wedge just a sheet metal plate, sheet metal container, paper plate or the like attached and rock dust piles on it. The example of the application of this outer trim is shown in Fig. 3, 3 a and 3 b .

It is not necessary to use this blasting method two to take interlocking tubes. The same goal can also be achieved through application only one pipe. This tube then receives the explosive cartridges in its lower part, then the impact cartridge and finally the trim. This mine is now very accurate treated as described above. If a shot fails here, it becomes the failure also treated as described above. In most cases, however, it will the pipe will no longer be usable after the mine has been dismantled, it. must go through a new one to be replaced. Such a mine is shown in Fig. .4.

With all previously known blasting processes and trimming processes it has been observed that when an explosive shot is broken, flames appear occur at the mouth of the borehole. The cause of these flame phenomena can be: missing Stocking, too loose stocking, overloading if the default is too low, the default is too large or unsuitable explosives. The flame phenomena can also be based on that coal dust or bitumen-rich rock dust adhering to the borehole walls or has pushed itself between the cartridges due to the hot explosion flame burned and burning strolled through the explosion will. In the presence of firedamp or coal dust, there is always the possibility given an explosion.

When using the present invention, the explosive cartridges are without that foreign bodies can get between the individual cartridges, firmly on top of each other, they are against the borehole walls through the cardboard tube, against the borehole mouth isolated by the rock dust. The incombustible cardboard tube or a sheet metal pipe will isolate the explosion flame so far that an ignition of Coal dust etc. is hardly possible. The insulating effect of the pipes against the borehole walls but will not only prevent the ignition of combustible bodies in the borehole, but also prevent the explosion flame from cooling down during the explosion and this let it come into its own. Due to the insulating effect of the pipes and the Occupancy, the explosion wave will propagate faster through the column of explosives and give their detonation the rapidity required for the one to be used Explosives is possible. This would then have a lower charge for a certain Specification possible and therefore associated with a saving in explosives.

The largest possible attack surface around the breaking explosive column In order to provide the inside trapping dust, the tubes can be pushed into one another, as shown in Figure 5 will. Pipes pushed one inside the other adapt to the shape of the borehole because each borehole is wide at the mouth of the borehole and narrowest at the bottom of the borehole. One Mine, which is assembled according to Fig. 5, will almost completely fill the borehole and a relatively large amount of rock dust directly on the explosives bring. Fig. 5 a shows a mine in which the upper third of the impact cartridge is completely is surrounded by rock dust: The one when a shot breaks to the mouth of the borehole urgent explosion flame will either stop at the agglomeration of the dust or suffocate in the rock dust. Fig. 5 b shows a mine where the explosion shock The rock dust sitting in the narrow pipe was knocked into the next pipe as a plug and here, in association with the explosion flame, the cardboard tube is blown up cause to the borehole walls and agglomerate the rock dust will.

Figure 6a shows how the suitable cartridge and filling tube can be selected. By choosing the right Cartridge barrels can also monitor the strength of the charge. Is z. B. If the explosive cartridge is 100 mm long, you can see at a glance whether the charge is consists of two or three cartridges.

Fig. 6b shows a mine where the trimming tube is larger than that Cartridge tube. The cartridge tube sits so far in the filling tube. that the impact cartridge sits on the explosive cartridge.

Figs. 6c to 6e show the application of the shown in Fig. 5 a * and 5 b Mines.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIM: Method for loading and filling boreholes, characterized by the use of a finished before use, the Components required for detonation, namely explosive cartridge, impact cartridge with detonator and detonator as well as the usual, z. B. rock dust containing Mine, which, in order to enable safe reloading, only with a light detachable wedge is clamped, which also allows the attachment of a plate, on which rock dust can be brought as external trim.