DE561310C - Process for the rectification of liquid mixtures - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN EMPIRE

ISSUED ON OCTOBER 13, 1932

REICH PATENT OFFICE

PATENT LETTERING

CLASS 12 a GROUP

Soc. Anon, la Distillation Dynamique in Paris Process for the rectification of liquid mixtures

Patented in the German Empire on March 28, 1929

The present process relates to an improvement of a distillation and rectification process, in which the vapors are drawn off at the top of a separation column, compressed and a heating device at the bottom of the column and essentially consists in connecting the column to suitable Place to cool or to heat to a temperature control within the column to effect. The temperature regulation is expedient in that part of the Device in which the mixture is composed constantly. You can get the temperature then adjust at will.

For the rectification of ethyl alcohol with the exhaust of the vapors at the top of the cleaning column, one works in such a way that the vapors from the head of a column b are removed with a compressor ο (Fig. 1).

^ao sucks and this condenses in a heating coil c at the foot of the column. In this way, all of the latent heat is recovered. Some of the condensate returns to the column without or with the help of a pump rf

* 5 back; another part is caught as a lead. According to the invention, a further annular heating coil e is arranged below the heating coil c and a cooling coil g fed with water is arranged above the column. These devices are regulated automatically with the help of thermostats. At a pressure of 400 mm of mercury, the top of the column shows about 63 °, the lower part of the column about 70 °.

In order to keep the reflux amount constant, a controller h is arranged at the outlet of the heating coil c . This consists of a tightly closing recipient with a swimmer i who is in contact with the shooter /. The condensate flows through the latter via a pipe p back into the column, which can be equipped with a side pipe for the removal of liquid.

For removing gases that are difficult to condense, ζ. B. air, carbonic acid, the recipient is through a pipe ο with a condenser k in connection, which is used to feed the liquid and return the condensate to the column through a siphon j, which combines calibration with a reflux tube t .

A throttle point q , which is automatically dependent on the pressure in the recipient h, is attached to the pipe o in order to regulate this valve precisely and to prevent the pressure drop in the recipient.

The auxiliary and heating coil e can be used to put the column into operation. The vapors escaping from the column pass through the throttle point m in

the condenser k and return through -J to the column after the condensation. For normal operation, it is sufficient to isolate the condenser k of the column by closing the throttle point m.

Several columns can be used to separate a liquid mixture, whose number corresponds to that of the mixture components or is greater or less than iö this. The liquid mixture flows from one column into the other, each column forming an independent element one or more components of the mixture are deposited at the most favorable pressure in each case will.

A device for carrying out this' method is shown in Fig. 2, for example. shown mathematically. The liquid is fed through the pipe 1, the reflux through 2 and the deposition of one or more components of the mixture in 3. One Auxiliary heating source is denoted by 4.

The liquid level in the individual columns can be kept at a certain level to secure the drain without the use of circulation pumps.

According to the invention, the heat source is preferably arranged below the column b or the condenser coil at e and the cooling tube above the column at g . The process for the separation of dissolved liquids or liquid mixtures by fractional distillation is characterized in that each column operates under the desired or arbitrarily variable pressure conditions in a vacuum or overpressure. This is done by arranging auxiliary cooling or auxiliary heating. The separation of the individual liquid components time-sequentially (discontinuously) or spatially sequentially (continuously in several columns), where the individual liquid components at different pressures exceed ⁴ S can go.

The described. Rectification process under reduced pressure can be used if the vacuum is not lower than ¹ atm. This must be done because it allows the process of the method to be carried out under the most favorable and most economical conditions.

It also offers the option of reducing the vapors at a pressure above the evaporation pressure To condense pressure. This is a great advantage in view of what is necessary Surface exchange.

You can also only do part of the distillation process using the new method perform, e.g. B. the separation of an extraction solvent from fatty substances, and carry out the rest of the process under normal conditions.

Claims (3)

Patent claims: 1. Method of rectifying liquid mixtures using of distillation columns with trays, in which in the lower part of the columns the Heating by compressing all the vapors escaping from the columns takes place, characterized in that an auxiliary cooling for regulating temperature and pressure on the top floor is attached inside the column. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the lower part of the An auxiliary heater is provided in the column in a manner known per se in the case of distillation processes with vapor compression is. 3. The method according to claims 1 or 2 for the separation of mixtures, characterized through the use of several columns connected in series, each column by the means given in claims 1 and 2 is regulated in the range of pressure that is required for the column to be extracted Products is most suitable. 1 sheet of drawings