DE531751C - Fluids for machines, especially hydraulic apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Liquids for machines, in particular hydraulic apparatus Es it was found that mixtures of ethers, preferably those of the glycols or polyglycols, or mixtures of these ethers with oils, especially with castor oil, and optionally other additives that practically do not attack metals, such as corrosion-proof fluids for machines, in a particularly advantageous manner are suitable as power-transmitting fluids for hydraulic apparatus.

Because the addition of the ether sets the pour point in the mixtures contained oils is considerably lowered while at the same time reducing the Viscosity of these oils at the temperatures in question show such Mixtures have a viscosity that is particularly suitable for these purposes and can be obtained by suitable Choice of mixing ratios and components like no other mixtures be adapted to the respective needs. It is especially important because of this in the apparatus and machines required for a wide variety of purposes the openings for the flow of pressure fluids, such as nozzles, valves, etc., are often very different. The mixtures mentioned also have a good lubricating effect and can therefore be used except for hydraulic purposes if necessary used as a lubricant in machines.

For example, a mixture of equal parts by weight shows neutral Castor oil and glycol monoethyl ether have the following viscosities: at -2o ° - i g ° E, at o ° -6.2 ° E, at + 20 ° - 3.3 ° E, at -i- 50 ° - i, 8 ° E; with glycol monobutyl ether the corresponding viscosities: 4 ° E, 13 ° E, 5.2 ° E and 2.3 ° E; a mixture from 1 part castor oil with 2 parts polyglycol ethyl ether shows approximately the following viscosities: at -2o ° -32 ° E, at o ° - 8 ° E, at -f- 2o ° - 3 ° E and at 5o ° =: 2 'E. A mixture from 2 parts of castor oil with i part of technical polyglycol butyl ether has at -E- 50 ° nor the viscosity of about 4.5 ° E.

The change in viscosity with temperature is therefore much smaller on average than with oils, as the following table also shows, in which the ratio of the outflow times is given: Ratio of the outflow times at Mixture in parts by weight + 50 ° I - @ - 20 ° I 0 ° -20- i part castor oil -f- 2 parts polyglycol butyl ether. . i 2.4 5.7 2i i part castor oil -f- 2 parts polyglycol ethyl ether. , i 2.4 5.1 20 i part castor oil + 2 parts glycol monobutyl ether 1 2.0 4.2 13 i part castor oil + - parts glycol monoethyl ether 1 1.7 2.8 6, g The figures given may vary somewhat due to small differences in the starting materials. By using other mixtures, in particular those of mixtures of the specified with other glycol or polyglycol ethers, e.g. B. Glykolmonocresyläther, Glykoldiethyläther, the ratios can be adapted even more to the respective purposes.

Instead of or in addition to the glycol or polyglycol ethers, you can also use other ethers, e.g. B. simple or mixed ethers of monovalent aliphatic, aromatic or hydro-aromatic alcohols can be used; being of course only those ethers in'Vi: ageeomxnen whose boiling point is adapted to the intended use and which have a sufficiently low viscosity even at low temperatures. For example, a mixture of equal parts by weight of castor oil, and Dibutyl ether - the following viscosities: at - 20 ° - 7.9 ° E, at. o ° - 3.4 ° E, at 2o ° - i, 9 ° E, at -i- 50 ° - i, 4 ° E. Of the oils have proven to be particularly well suited Castor oils because of their good lubricity and their low attack on sealing materials proven. A wide variety of types of castor oil can be used, including those made with mineral oils have been made miscible, and mixtures of these oils with other oils are also used will. For example, a mixture of 30 parts by volume is one with mineral oils mixable castor oil, 3 parts by volume cresylglycol and 10 parts by volume mineral oil called, which remains perfectly clear even at io ° below zero. There are also mixtures from 20 parts ice machine oil and 20 parts polyglycol butyl ether or from 20 parts of a mineral lubricating oil with 2o to 4q parts of glycol monobutyl ether can be used, Also mixtures of 10 parts mineral lubricating oil, 10 parts ice machine oil and 4 up to 10 parts glycol monobutyl ether or dibutyl ether. In many cases, it is also sufficient- even the addition of 5 to 20 per cent. of ethers in order to sufficiently lower the To achieve viscosity of oils at lower temperatures, which z. B. in use is of particular advantage for lubrication purposes. Examples are mixtures of Car oils or other lubricating oils with 5 to 20% dibutyl ether or other suitable ones Called ethers.

It is appropriate to use to prevent corrosion on metals, such as iron, steel, copper, etc., neutral oils, such as those used, for. B. according to patent 504 128 can receive, or add small amounts of basic or basic to the mixture active compounds, such as alkali hydroxides, alkali salts of phosphates, carbonates etc., to which, if necessary, in order to achieve clear mixtures, in suitable Means, e.g. B. alcohol, be dissolved beforehand.

If one uses technical ether; so it is often recommended to do this beforehand by treatment with alkalis and subsequent distillation for them Use to clean. With such oils, changes due to the oxygen in the air suffer, it is sometimes advisable to use Oxydationsverhind.erer, z. B. such as they are used in the rubber industry, such as aldol-a-naphthylamine, or others Agents such as urea, etc., to be added.

The mixtures mentioned can be used for a wide variety of hydraulic Apparatus and machines, e.g. B. for brakes, shock absorbers, presses, lifting devices and the like, can be used as force-transmitting fluids.

It has already been suggested that castor oil should be used as a rinsing liquid use. - Here, however, it is very disadvantageous that the viscosity of castor oil is much too large at low temperatures, so that the castor oil alone is charged Devices do not work or no longer work properly. To remedy this evil, if the castor oil was used in a mixture with alcohol; these blends show again have the disadvantage that they attack metals quite severely, which means that for a long time Wear of the metal occurs, so that it works smoothly of the machines etc. is not made possible. This is particularly important when the vehicle is used very heavily of the apparatus significantly reduced their operational safety. One already has Produced ether alcohols and used them as lubricants. The one in this Trap with particular advantage used fluids for machines or hydraulic Apparatus etc., however, consist of mixtures, namely mixtures of ethers and oils.

Claims (1)

PATENT CLAIM: -Corrosion-proof liquids with low viscosity at low temperatures for 'machines, especially for hydraulic apparatus, - characterized by the use of mixtures of ethers, especially those of glycols or polyglycols, with oils that practically do not attack metals.