DE531751C - Fluids for machines, especially hydraulic apparatus - Google Patents
Fluids for machines, especially hydraulic apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- DE531751C DE531751C DEI39919D DEI0039919D DE531751C DE 531751 C DE531751 C DE 531751C DE I39919 D DEI39919 D DE I39919D DE I0039919 D DEI0039919 D DE I0039919D DE 531751 C DE531751 C DE 531751C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- oils
- mixtures
- parts
- machines
- castor oil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/04—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a macromolecular organic compound
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M111/00—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M111/02—Lubrication compositions characterised by the base-material being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M101/00 - C10M109/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a non-macromolecular organic compound
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/063—Peroxides
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
- C10M2203/1045—Aromatic fractions used as base material
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- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
- C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
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- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
- C10M2203/1085—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks used as base material
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
- C10M2207/0406—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates used as base material
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
- C10M2207/046—Hydroxy ethers
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
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- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/401—Fatty vegetable or animal oils used as base material
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- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/402—Castor oils
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- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
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- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/1033—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups used as base material
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- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
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- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
Flüssigkeiten für Maschinen, insbesondere hydraulische Apparate Es wurde gefunden, daß Mischungen von Äthern, vorzugsweise von solchen der Glykole oder Polyglykole, bzw. von Gemischen dieser Äther mit Ölen, insbesondere mit Rizinusöl, und gegebenenfalls weiteren Zusätzen, die Metalle praktisch nicht angreifen, als korrosionssichere Flüssigkeiten für Maschinen, in besonders vorteilhafter Weise als kraftübertragende Flüssigkeiten für hydraulische Apparate geeignet sind.Liquids for machines, in particular hydraulic apparatus Es it was found that mixtures of ethers, preferably those of the glycols or polyglycols, or mixtures of these ethers with oils, especially with castor oil, and optionally other additives that practically do not attack metals, such as corrosion-proof fluids for machines, in a particularly advantageous manner are suitable as power-transmitting fluids for hydraulic apparatus.
Da durch den Zusatz der Äther der Stockpunkt der in den Mischungen enthaltenen Öle beträchtlich erniedrigt wird unter gleichzeitiger Verringerung der Viskosität dieser Öle bei den in Betracht kommenden Temperaturen, zeigen derartige Gemische eine für diese Zwecke besonders geeignete Viskosität und können durch geeignete Wahl der Mischungsverhältnisse bzw. der Mischungskomponenten wie keine anderen Mischungen den jeweiligen Bedürfnissen angepaßt werden. Es ist dies besonders wichtig, weil bei den für die verschiedensten Verwendungszwecke benötigten Apparaten und Maschinen die Öffnungen für den Durchfluß der Druckflüssigkeiten, wie Düsen, Ventile u. dgl., oft sehr verschieden weit sind. Die genannten Mischungen besitzen außerdem eine gute Schmierwirkung und können deshalb außer für hydraulische Zwecke gegebenenfalls als Schmiermittel in Maschinen verwendet werden.Because the addition of the ether sets the pour point in the mixtures contained oils is considerably lowered while at the same time reducing the Viscosity of these oils at the temperatures in question show such Mixtures have a viscosity that is particularly suitable for these purposes and can be obtained by suitable Choice of mixing ratios and components like no other mixtures be adapted to the respective needs. It is especially important because of this in the apparatus and machines required for a wide variety of purposes the openings for the flow of pressure fluids, such as nozzles, valves, etc., are often very different. The mixtures mentioned also have a good lubricating effect and can therefore be used except for hydraulic purposes if necessary used as a lubricant in machines.
Beispielsweise zeigt eine Mischung aus gleichen Gewichtsteilen neutralen Rizinusöls und Glykolmonoäthyläther folgende Viskositäten: bei -2o° - i g° E, bei o° -6,2° E, bei + 20° - 3,3° E, bei -i- 5o° - i,8° E; mit Glykolmonobutyläther sind die entsprechenden Viskositäten: 4g° E, 13° E, 5,2° E und 2,3° E; eine Mischung aus i Teil Rizinusöl mit 2 Teilen Polyglykoläthyläther zeigt etwafolgendeViskositäten: bei-2o°-32°E, bei o° - 8° E, bei -f- 2o° - 3° E und bei 5o° =:2' E. Eine Mischung aus 2 Teilen Rizinusöl mit i Teil technischem Polyglykolbutyläther hat bei -E- 5o° noch die Viskosität von etwa 4,5° E.For example, a mixture of equal parts by weight shows neutral Castor oil and glycol monoethyl ether have the following viscosities: at -2o ° - i g ° E, at o ° -6.2 ° E, at + 20 ° - 3.3 ° E, at -i- 50 ° - i, 8 ° E; with glycol monobutyl ether the corresponding viscosities: 4 ° E, 13 ° E, 5.2 ° E and 2.3 ° E; a mixture from 1 part castor oil with 2 parts polyglycol ethyl ether shows approximately the following viscosities: at -2o ° -32 ° E, at o ° - 8 ° E, at -f- 2o ° - 3 ° E and at 5o ° =: 2 'E. A mixture from 2 parts of castor oil with i part of technical polyglycol butyl ether has at -E- 50 ° nor the viscosity of about 4.5 ° E.
Die Änderung der Viskosität mit der Temperatur ist also durchschnittlich
viel kleiner als bei Ölen, wie auch folgende Tabelle zeigt, in der das Verhältnis
der Ausflußzeiten angegeben ist:
An Stelle oder neben den Glykol- bzw: Polyglykoläthern können auch andere Äther, z. B. einfache oder gemischteÄther von einwertigen aliphatischen, aromatischen oder hydröäromatischen Alkoholen, verwendet werden; wobei natürlich nur solche Äther in'Vi:ageeomxnen, deren Siedepunkt dem Verwendungszweck angepaßt ist und die auch bei#tiefen Temperaturen eine genügend niedrige Viskosität besitzen. So zeigt beispielsweise eine Mischung aus gleichen Gewichtsteilen -Rizinusöl , und Dibutyläther - folgende Viskositäten: bei - 20° - 7,9° E, bei . o° - 3,4° E, bei 2o° - i,9° E, bei -i- 50° - i,4° E. Von den Ölen haben sich als besonders gut geeignet Rizinusöle wegen ihrer guten Schmierfähigkeit und ihres geringen Angriffes auf Dichtungsmaterialien erwiesen. Es können die verschiedensten Sorten Rizinusöl, auch solche, die mit Mineralölen mischbar gemacht wurden, ferner Mischungen dieser Öle mit anderen Ölen angewandt werden. Beispielsweise sei eine Mischung aus 3o Volumenteilen eines mit Mineralölen mischbaren Rizinusöls, 3oVolumenteilenKresylglykol und i o Vohimenteilen Mineralöl genannt, die auch bei io° unter Null vollkommen klar bleibt. Ferner sind Mischungen aus 2o Teilen Eismaschinenöl und 2o Teilen Polyglykolbutyläther oder aus 2o Teilen eines Mineralschmieröls mit 2o bis 4q Teilen Glykolmonobutyläther gutbrauchbar, ebenso Mischungen aus io Teilen Mineralschmieröl, io Teilen Eismaschinenöl und 4 bis io Teilen Glykolmonobutyläther oder Dibutyläther. In vielen Fällen genügt auch- schon der Zusatz von 5 bis 2o °/o an Äthern, um eine genügende Erniedrigung der Viskosität von Ölen bei tieferen Temperaturen zu erreichen, was z. B. bei der Verwendung für Schmierzwecke von besonderem Vorteil ist. Als Beispiel seien Mischungen von Autoölen oder anderen Schmierölen mit 5 bis 2o °/o Dibutyläther oder anderen geeigneten Äthern genannt.Instead of or in addition to the glycol or polyglycol ethers, you can also use other ethers, e.g. B. simple or mixed ethers of monovalent aliphatic, aromatic or hydro-aromatic alcohols can be used; being of course only those ethers in'Vi: ageeomxnen whose boiling point is adapted to the intended use and which have a sufficiently low viscosity even at low temperatures. For example, a mixture of equal parts by weight of castor oil, and Dibutyl ether - the following viscosities: at - 20 ° - 7.9 ° E, at. o ° - 3.4 ° E, at 2o ° - i, 9 ° E, at -i- 50 ° - i, 4 ° E. Of the oils have proven to be particularly well suited Castor oils because of their good lubricity and their low attack on sealing materials proven. A wide variety of types of castor oil can be used, including those made with mineral oils have been made miscible, and mixtures of these oils with other oils are also used will. For example, a mixture of 30 parts by volume is one with mineral oils mixable castor oil, 3 parts by volume cresylglycol and 10 parts by volume mineral oil called, which remains perfectly clear even at io ° below zero. There are also mixtures from 20 parts ice machine oil and 20 parts polyglycol butyl ether or from 20 parts of a mineral lubricating oil with 2o to 4q parts of glycol monobutyl ether can be used, Also mixtures of 10 parts mineral lubricating oil, 10 parts ice machine oil and 4 up to 10 parts glycol monobutyl ether or dibutyl ether. In many cases, it is also sufficient- even the addition of 5 to 20 per cent. of ethers in order to sufficiently lower the To achieve viscosity of oils at lower temperatures, which z. B. in use is of particular advantage for lubrication purposes. Examples are mixtures of Car oils or other lubricating oils with 5 to 20% dibutyl ether or other suitable ones Called ethers.
Man verwendet zweckmäßig zur Verhütung von Korrosionen an Metallen, wie Eisen, Stahl, Kupfer usw., neutrale Öle, wie sie z. B. gemäß Patent 504 128 erhalten weiden können, oder setzt den Gemischen geringe Mengen basischer oder basisch wirkender Verbindungen, wie Alkalihydroxyde, Alkalisalze der Phosphate, Carbonate usw., zu, die erforderlichenfalls, um klare Mischungen zu erzielen, in geeigneten Mitteln, z. B. Alkohol, zuvor gelöst werden.It is appropriate to use to prevent corrosion on metals, such as iron, steel, copper, etc., neutral oils, such as those used, for. B. according to patent 504 128 can receive, or add small amounts of basic or basic to the mixture active compounds, such as alkali hydroxides, alkali salts of phosphates, carbonates etc., to which, if necessary, in order to achieve clear mixtures, in suitable Means, e.g. B. alcohol, be dissolved beforehand.
Verwendet man technische Äther; so empfiehlt es sich häufig, diese zuvor durch eine Behandlung °mit Alkalien und darauffolgende Destillation für diese Verwendung zu reinigen. Bei solchen Ölen, die durch den Luftsauerstoff Veränderungen erleiden, ist es bisweilen zweckmäßig, Oxydationsverhind.erer, z. B. solche, wie sie in der Kautschukindustrieverwendetwerden, wieAldol-a-naphthylamin, oder andere Mittel, wie Harnstoff usw., zuzusetzen.If one uses technical ether; so it is often recommended to do this beforehand by treatment with alkalis and subsequent distillation for them Use to clean. With such oils, changes due to the oxygen in the air suffer, it is sometimes advisable to use Oxydationsverhind.erer, z. B. such as they are used in the rubber industry, such as aldol-a-naphthylamine, or others Agents such as urea, etc., to be added.
Die genannten Mischungen können für die verschiedensten hydraulischen Apparate und Maschinen, z. B. für Bremsen, Stoßdämpfer, Pressen, Hebevorrichtungen u. dgl., als kraftübertragende Flüssigkeiten benutzt werden.The mixtures mentioned can be used for a wide variety of hydraulic Apparatus and machines, e.g. B. for brakes, shock absorbers, presses, lifting devices and the like, can be used as force-transmitting fluids.
Man hat schon vorgeschlagen, Rizinusöl als Brernsflilssigl@eit zu verwenden. - Hierbei ist es jedoch sehr nachteilig, däß die Viskosität von Rizinusöl bei niedrigen Temperaturen viel zu groß ist, so daß die mit Rizinusöl allein beschickten Apparate nicht oder nicht mehr einwandfrei arbeiten. Um diesem Übelstand abzuhelfen, hat man das Rizinusöl in Mischung mit Alkohol verwendet; diese Mischungen zeigen wiederum den Nachteil, daß sie Metalle ziemlich stark angreifen, wodurch bei längerem Gebrauch eine Abnutzung des Metalls eintritt, so daß ein reibungsloses Arbeiten der Maschinen usw. nicht ermöglicht wird. Dadurch wird insbesondere bei hoher Beanspruchung der Apparate deren Betriebssicherheit wesentlich herabgemindert. Man hat -auch schon Ätheralkohole hergestellt und diese als Schmiermittel benutzt. Die in vorliegendem Falle mit besonderem Vorteil verwendeten Flüssigkeiten für Maschinen bzw. hydraulische Apparate usw. bestehen jedoch aus Mischungen, nämlich Gemischen von Äthern und Ölen.It has already been suggested that castor oil should be used as a rinsing liquid use. - Here, however, it is very disadvantageous that the viscosity of castor oil is much too large at low temperatures, so that the castor oil alone is charged Devices do not work or no longer work properly. To remedy this evil, if the castor oil was used in a mixture with alcohol; these blends show again have the disadvantage that they attack metals quite severely, which means that for a long time Wear of the metal occurs, so that it works smoothly of the machines etc. is not made possible. This is particularly important when the vehicle is used very heavily of the apparatus significantly reduced their operational safety. One already has Produced ether alcohols and used them as lubricants. The one in this Trap with particular advantage used fluids for machines or hydraulic Apparatus etc., however, consist of mixtures, namely mixtures of ethers and oils.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEI39919D DE531751C (en) | 1929-11-23 | 1929-11-24 | Fluids for machines, especially hydraulic apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE1984421X | 1929-11-23 | ||
DEI39919D DE531751C (en) | 1929-11-23 | 1929-11-24 | Fluids for machines, especially hydraulic apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE531751C true DE531751C (en) | 1931-08-14 |
Family
ID=25981612
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DEI39919D Expired DE531751C (en) | 1929-11-23 | 1929-11-24 | Fluids for machines, especially hydraulic apparatus |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE531751C (en) |
-
1929
- 1929-11-24 DE DEI39919D patent/DE531751C/en not_active Expired
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