DE453513C - Pre-cooling process for liquefying and separating poorly liquefiable gases and gas mixtures - Google Patents

Pre-cooling process for liquefying and separating poorly liquefiable gases and gas mixtures

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Publication number
DE453513C
DE453513C DEM78619D DEM0078619D DE453513C DE 453513 C DE453513 C DE 453513C DE M78619 D DEM78619 D DE M78619D DE M0078619 D DEM0078619 D DE M0078619D DE 453513 C DE453513 C DE 453513C
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Germany
Prior art keywords
cooling
cooling process
gas
liquefying
gas mixtures
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Expired
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DEM78619D
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German (de)
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HILDEGARD MEWES
JOHANNA MEWES GEB LUDWIG
Original Assignee
HILDEGARD MEWES
JOHANNA MEWES GEB LUDWIG
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Priority to DEM78619D priority Critical patent/DE453513C/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE453513C publication Critical patent/DE453513C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
    • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0242—Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04278—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using external refrigeration units, e.g. closed mechanical or regenerative refrigeration units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/04—Compressor cooling arrangement, e.g. inter- or after-stage cooling or condensate removal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/906—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by heat driven absorption chillers

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Description

Vorkühlverfahren zur Verflüssigung und- Trennung schwer verflüssigbarer Gase und Gasgemische. Bei den Arbeitsverfahren zur Tiefkühlung oder Verflüssigung der schwer verflüssigbaren Gase oder Gasgemische und zur Trennung solcher Gemische hat man bisher schon versucht, die Leistung durch Vorkühlung des verdichteten Betriebsmittels (Luft o. dgl.) mittels einer Verdichtungskühlmaschine (Kompressionsammoniak- oder Kohlensäureeismaschine) zu erhöhen. Die Kompressionsammoniak- oder Kohlensäureeismaschine hat aber den -Nachteil, daß die untere Kältegrenze etwa bei - 30° liegt, während es für die Vorkühlung bei der Gasverflüssigung und Trennung erwünscht ist, bis etwa - 70° herunterzukühlen. Diese tiefen Temperaturen können aber auf wirtschaftlichere Weise als durch Kompressionskältemaschinen durch eine Absorptionskältemaschine erreicht werden.Pre-cooling process for liquefying and separating difficult to liquefy Gases and gas mixtures. In the work processes for freezing or liquefaction difficult to liquefy gases or gas mixtures and for separating such mixtures Attempts have already been made to increase the performance by pre-cooling the compressed operating medium (Air or the like) by means of a compression cooling machine (compression ammonia or Carbon dioxide ice machine). The compression ammonia or carbonated ice machine but has the disadvantage that the lower cold limit is around -30 °, while it is desirable for pre-cooling in gas liquefaction and separation to about - cool down by 70 °. These low temperatures can, however, be more economical Way than achieved by compression chillers through an absorption chiller will.

Bei dem vorliegenden Verfahren soll für den Betrieb der Absorptionskältemaschine entweder die Verdichtungswärme der hochgedrückten Luft oder eines anderen Betriebsgases, wie z. B: Wassergas, Verwendung finden.In the case of the present method, for the operation of the absorption refrigeration machine either the heat of compression of the compressed air or of another operating gas, such as B: water gas, find use.

Durch die Herunterkühlung bis zu etwa - 70° erreicht man den Vorteil, daß man schon bei Entspannung von ao bis 65 Atm.. mittels Kolbenmaschine o. dgl. auf etwa eine Atmosphäre weniger als - i 2o' kommt. Bei gutem, also wenig Reibung ergebendem Arbeitszylinder, z. B. beim Arbeiten mit freiem Spiel des Kolbens, gelangt man sogar leicht bis auf - 17o° und darunter.By cooling down to around - 70 °, you have the advantage of that you can already with relaxation from ao to 65 atm .. by means of a piston engine or the like. comes to about one atmosphere less than - i 2o '. With good, i.e. little, friction resulting working cylinder, e.g. B. when working with free play of the piston you can even easily down to - 17o ° and below.

Das beschriebene Vorkühlverfahren kann natürlich auch mit Hochdruckspannungen von 6o bis i5o bzw. aoo Atm. arbeiten. Dasselbe ergibt dann naturgemäß eine noch kürzere Anfahrzeit und günstigere Tiefkühlleistung. Beim Arbeiten mit solch hohen Spannungen erreicht man bekanntlich den nicht zu unterschätzenden Vorteil, daß der Entspannungszylinder entbehrlich wird und statt desselben ein Drosselventil benutzt werden kann. Eine einfache Rechnung zeigt, daß bei Vor kühlung auf -6o0 und bei diesen hohen Drücken die Entspannungstemperatur mittels Drosselventils auf - 16o° sinkt. Man erhält so die Möglichkeit, statt mittels Expansionszylinders und Drosselventils mittels zweier Drosselventile oder eines zweisitzigen Doppeldrosselventils arbeiten und damit die Betriebsweise möglichst vereinfachen zu können. Außerdem läßt sich bei Anwendung zweier Drosselventile durch wechselseitige Kühlung der Hochdruckluft im Gegenstrom mittels der entspannten Luft die Anfahrzeit stark abkürzen.The pre-cooling process described can of course also be carried out with high pressure voltages from 6o to 15o or aoo atm. work. The same then naturally results in another shorter start-up time and cheaper freezer capacity. When working with such high It is well known that tensions have the not to be underestimated advantage that the Relaxation cylinder is dispensable and a throttle valve is used instead can be. A simple calculation shows that with pre-cooling to -6o0 and at These high pressures reduce the expansion temperature by means of a throttle valve to - 16o ° sinks. This gives you the option of using an expansion cylinder and throttle valve instead of using an expansion cylinder work by means of two throttle valves or a two-seat double throttle valve and thus to be able to simplify the mode of operation as much as possible. In addition, can when using two throttle valves by alternating cooling of the high pressure air Shorten the start-up time significantly in countercurrent by means of the relaxed air.

Der Überschuß an Kälte, welcher den abziehenden Gasen bei ihrem Austritt aus dem Wärmeaustauscher noch zumeist eigen ist, wird zweckmäßig im Kondensator der Absorptionskältemaschine mit- nutzbar gemacht. Diese Art der Kältewiedergewinnung bietet die Möglichkeit, den gesamten Kälteinhalt der entspannten Bestandteile des zu zerlegenden Gasgemisches nach Austi itt aus dem Trenner in der Absorptionskältemaschine nutzbar zu machen und so die Wärmeaustauschflächen erheblich vermindern zu können. Bei den teuren Metallpreisen ist dies wirtschaftlich von hoher Bedeutung.The excess of cold which the evacuating gases leave behind from the heat exchanger is still mostly peculiar to, is expedient in the condenser the absorption chiller made usable. This kind of cold recovery offers the possibility of the entire cold content of the relaxed Components of the gas mixture to be broken down after Ausi itt from the separator in the To make absorption chiller usable and so the heat exchange surfaces considerably to be able to reduce. With the expensive metal prices, this is economically higher Meaning.

Die Abbildung zeigt die Anwendung des vorliegenden Verfahrens schematisch an einer Verflüssigungsanlage.The figure shows the application of the present method schematically on a liquefaction plant.

Die Verdichtungswärme des Luftkompressors fdient zum Beheizen des Austreibers g einer Absorptionsammoniakkältemaschine. Aus dem Austreiber ä steigen die verdampften Ammoniakdämpfe in einen Verflüssiger 1a, welcher z. B. durch Kühlwasser in besonderen Kühlrohren gekühlt werden kann. Infolge der Wärmeentziehung verflüssigen sich die Ammoniakdämpfe bei dem Druck, den sie im Austreiber erhalten haben. Die gebildete Ammoniakflüssigkeit sinkt teilweise, rektifizierend wirkend, in den Austreiber zurück, teilweise aber sammelt sie sich im Verflüssiger in einem besonderen Sammelraum an und wird durch ein Drosselventil in den Verdampfer i auf niedrigen Verdampferdruck entspannt. Durch den Verdampfer i wird die verdichtete Luft (Hochdruckluft) mittels Leitung a hindurchgeleitet und infolge. der sehr niedrigen Verdampfertemperatur auf -400 bis -700 vorgekühlt.The heat of compression of the air compressor f is used to heat the Expeller g of an absorption ammonia refrigerator. Get out of the expeller the evaporated ammonia vapors in a liquefier 1a, which z. B. by cooling water can be cooled in special cooling tubes. Liquefy as a result of heat extraction the ammonia vapors at the pressure that they received in the expeller. the Ammonia liquid formed partially sinks into the expeller with a rectifying effect back, but sometimes it collects in the condenser in a special collecting space and is set to low evaporator pressure through a throttle valve in evaporator i relaxed. Through the evaporator i the compressed air (high pressure air) is by means of Line a passed through and as a result. the very low evaporator temperature pre-cooled to -400 to -700.

Die im Verdampfer i gebildeten Ammoniakdämpfe werden durch die am Boden des Austreibers g sich ansammelnde, von Ammoniak möglichst befreite und abgekühlte arme Lösung, die durch ein Drosselventil dem Absorber k geregelt zugeführt wird, so stark absorbiert, daß im Verdampfei i. eine sehr niedrige Dampfspannung und damit eine sehr niedrige Verdampfertemperatur aufrechterhalten wird. Zu diesem Zwecke wird der Absorber k kräftig durch Kühlwasser und gegebenenfalls durch Abkälte aus der Verflüssigungsanlage gekühlt. Die im Absorber k am Boden sich ansammelnde kalte Ammoniaklösung wird durch die Förderpumpe m in den oberen Teil des Austreibers g zurückgeschafft und dann von neuem entgast.The ammonia vapors formed in the evaporator i are replaced by the am Bottom of the expeller g accumulating, freed from ammonia as possible and cooled poor solution, which is fed to the absorber k regulated by a throttle valve, so strongly absorbed that i. a very low vapor tension and thus a very low evaporator temperature is maintained. To this end the absorber k is made vigorously by cooling water and optionally by cooling cooled by the liquefaction plant. The cold accumulating in the absorber k on the floor Ammonia solution is fed into the upper part of the expeller g by the feed pump m brought back and then degassed again.

Das im Verdampfer i vorgekühlte Betriebsmittel (.Druckluft) wird entweder ganz durch b mittels Drosselventils l in den Verflüssiger d entspannt und in sonst bekannter Weise verflüssigt oder zur Beschleunigung des Anfährens durch die Zweigleitung c zu einer besonderen Entspannungsmaschine und von dieser aus in den Verflüssiger d entspannt, in welchem sich am Boden nach einer gewissen Anfahrzeit flüssige Luft ansammelt.The operating medium (.compressed air) precooled in the evaporator i is either all the way through b by means of the throttle valve l into the condenser d and in otherwise liquefied in a known manner or to speed up the start-up through the branch line c to a special expansion machine and from there into the condenser d relaxed, in which liquid air settles on the ground after a certain start-up time accumulates.

Der technische Vorteil der tiefen Vorkühlung besteht in der höheren Verflüssigerleistung gegenüber geringerer Vorkühlung und in der Verkürzung der Anfahrzeit. Besonders wichtig ist hierbei, daß die bei Luftverdichtung vorhandene Abwärme für den Betrieb der Ammoniakabsorptionskältemaschine verwendet werden kann und nicht direkte Verdichtungsarbeit wie bei den Kompressionskältemaschinen benötigt wird.The technical advantage of deep pre-cooling is that it is higher Condenser performance compared to lower pre-cooling and in the shortening of the start-up time. It is particularly important here that the waste heat present during air compression for the operation of the ammonia absorption refrigerator can and cannot be used direct compression work as is required in compression refrigeration machines.

Claims (2)

PATENTANSPRÜcFiT'.: i. Vorkühlverfahren zur Verflüssigung und Trennung schwer verflüssigbarer Gase und Gasgemische, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verdichtungswärme des Hochdruckgases (Hochdruckluft, Wassergas o. dgl.) zur Beheizung einer Absorptionskältemaschine und die Kühlleistung der Absorptionskältemaschine zur Vorkühlung des verdichteten Betriebsgases auf etwa - q.0° bis = 7o° benutzt wird. PATENT CLAIM: i. Pre-cooling process for liquefaction and separation Difficult to liquefy gases and gas mixtures, characterized in that the heat of compression the high pressure gas (high pressure air, water gas or the like) for heating an absorption refrigeration machine and the cooling capacity of the absorption refrigeration machine for pre-cooling the compressed Operating gas is used to about - q.0 ° to = 70 °. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch i, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nur ein Teil des hochgespannten Betriebsgases nach Austritt aus dem Verdichter durch die Absorptionskältemaschine vorgekühlt wird.2. The method according to claim i, characterized in that only part of the high-tension operating gas after Exit from the compressor is pre-cooled by the absorption chiller.
DEM78619D 1922-08-06 1922-08-06 Pre-cooling process for liquefying and separating poorly liquefiable gases and gas mixtures Expired DE453513C (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEM78619D DE453513C (en) 1922-08-06 1922-08-06 Pre-cooling process for liquefying and separating poorly liquefiable gases and gas mixtures

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEM78619D DE453513C (en) 1922-08-06 1922-08-06 Pre-cooling process for liquefying and separating poorly liquefiable gases and gas mixtures

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2548508A (en) * 1946-03-05 1951-04-10 Alfred S Wolfner Thermal system
DE1006112B (en) * 1953-06-13 1957-04-11 Borsig Ag Process for improving the performance of two- or multi-stage air and gas compressors through intermediate cooling
DE1101462B (en) * 1951-11-30 1961-03-09 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Method and device for liquefying natural gas for shipping and storage
US3739594A (en) * 1972-01-21 1973-06-19 C Freese Method and apparatus for drying compressed air

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2548508A (en) * 1946-03-05 1951-04-10 Alfred S Wolfner Thermal system
DE1101462B (en) * 1951-11-30 1961-03-09 Constock Liquid Methane Corp Method and device for liquefying natural gas for shipping and storage
DE1006112B (en) * 1953-06-13 1957-04-11 Borsig Ag Process for improving the performance of two- or multi-stage air and gas compressors through intermediate cooling
US3739594A (en) * 1972-01-21 1973-06-19 C Freese Method and apparatus for drying compressed air

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