DE4437945A1 - Plant conditioner comprising vitamin E, and its use - Google Patents

Abstract

There is described a plant conditioner comprising vitamin E, surfactants and, if appropriate, other formulation auxiliaries in a non-phytotoxic carrier suitable for use in plants, the plant conditioner being characterised in that it comprises non-ionic surfactants as surfactants and in that the carrier is an organic or organic/aqueous solvent system. Its use for reducing or inhibiting phytotoxicity symptoms on plants caused by agrochemicals and/or environmental toxins and for increasing the selectivity of herbicides producing oxygen free-radicals is also described. The plant conditioner according to the invention allows phytotoxicity caused by agrochemicals and/or environmental toxins to be reduced considerably and, in some cases, even to be prevented.

Description

The invention relates to a vitamin E-containing Plant tonic and its use for prevention or at least reduce plant damage caused by Crop protection agents growth regulators, Formulation aids (hereinafter generally referred to as "Agrochemicals") as well as by unfavorable Climatic conditions such. As heat or frost and environmental toxins agricultural and horticultural crops, spice and medicinal plants, ornamentals and forest Woody plants are caused.

It has long been known that in crops Phytotoxic phenomena can occur, which are caused by the Application of agrochemicals and the action of adverse climatic factors and environmental toxins are triggered.

Such Phytotoxitätserscheinungen express themselves z. B. as

• - yellowing (chlorosis), especially on the Application sites,
• - Growth and loss of income due to the impairment the metabolism of plants or reduction of Photosynthesis,  
• - browning (necrosis), burns, corking and Dying of plant parts, fruits and whole plants,
• - partial or complete leaf and fruit fall.

Damage to the plant can, for example, a reduced rate of photosynthesis with the consequence of a result in reduced material production and storage and results i.d.R. in a reduced yield as well as a poorer plant quality. Damage to vegetative and generative plant organs may also be entry ports pose to fungal pathogens and cause premature spoilage or cause deterioration of fruits and plants.

Necrotic or corking spots on fruits also affect the external quality of the harvested products, which then only partially viable or high quality Processing purposes are no longer usable. Also the Shelf life and shelf life of fruits may be due to a increased perspiration or by unfavorable action climatic influences (heat periods etc.) restricted or be prevented. Direct economic losses are the Episode.

By the appearance of such Phytotoxizitätserscheinungen may the intended use of plant protection products and Growth regulators to increase and secure returns be nullified or at least reduced. As well as the Exposure of environmental toxins (eg ozone) to a high degree constantly increasing, this leads in addition to economic damage on crops.

Plant damage can occur as a result of the use of all types of Crop protection agents occur, for. B. in the application of Fungicides, insecticides, bactericides, herbicides, acaricides, Growth regulators, such. Gibberellic acid.  

Cyanide and its derivatives, Formulation aids for plant protection products, such. B. Surfactants, solvents and emulsifiers, by mineral oils. But also by intensive UV radiation or ozone effect or heat and cold can cause phytotoxicity caused the different plant species in of varying intensity.

The causes of phytotoxicity phenomena are manifold and are mainly based z. On the following factors:

• the toxicity of the plant protection product and / or its additives,
• - a genetic or developmental particular Sensitivity of plant tissue,
• - an excessive dose of the plant protection product or stressor,
• - An action of the plant protection product or toxin under climatic unfavorable conditions,
• - unfavorable or extreme climatic conditions (heat, frost).

Especially due to these factors and the legal Provisions are the development and application of Agrochemicals tight limits, z. In it express that:

• - against pathogens particularly efficient agents due their inherent, especially structural phytotoxic Potential in certain plant species or in sensitive ones Developmental stages (eg during flowering or Cell division phase) can often not be used,
• - an active substance not with that for the physicochemical Stability or plant uptake most suitable surfactant or Solvent can be formulated as the relevant Additives cause damage to the plants;  
• - the application of active substances to certain climatic zones or Application times (eg evening or early morning) are limited otherwise the risk of possible damage increases;
• - The application labor economically particularly advantageous and in the horticultural practice more widespread Combination sprays (eg insecticide + fungicide) due to associated phytotoxic risk is not possible.

It is therefore both from the point of view of development and Production of pesticides (agroindustry) as well from the point of view of users (especially farmers) desirable and economically sensible, the phytotoxic To reduce potential of agrochemicals to such Restrictions on the use of pesticides completely or at least partially correct.

Add to this the increasingly harsher legal Provisions for the registration of agrochemicals, in which For newly registered preparations, the degree of phytotoxicity and environmental damage.

Against anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic stress factors and environmental toxins are difficult or impossible for plants to grow protect. In the sense of a high quality and Harvestment safeguard, however, consists of the view of agricultural and plant-growing businesses a big one Interest the plants by strengthening their own Defense mechanisms or by inhibition of direct Pollutant effects from damage by anthropogenic and to protect non-anthropogenic stressors and toxins. On the other hand, it may, for. B. also be of importance Application of selectively effective herbicides such. B. the Diphenyl ether compounds that are added to crops protect and selectively damage only the weeds.  

From WO 89/11795 is a method for increasing the Resistance of plants using environmentally friendly antioxidants, such as. As of ascorbic acid or tocopherols, known. The principle of action is assumed that the antioxidants as so-called "exo-elicitors" one cause "protective response" (immune response), resulting in the resistance to z. B. pesticides or environmental toxins, thereby increasing the level of toxicity of plant protection products. In the present Font results are presented that are immediate Involvement of antioxidants in stress-defense reactions document. The exercise of the protective function is direct from the concentration of the antioxidant in the dependent on plant cell. Prerequisite for such Working principle is but a good intake of antioxidants, z. As of tocopherols, by the plant.

The object of the present invention is to provide an agent for the plant cell to prepare for the Phytotoxicity of agrochemicals and / or environmental toxins as well from other anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic stressors to prevent or at least reduce. These Task is solved with the present invention.

The invention is a pesticide according to Claim 1, the vitamin E compounds, preferably d-l-α- Tocopherol and its aceta, surfactants and optionally other formulation auxiliaries in one not phytotoxic, suitable for application to plants carrier contains, and which is characterized in that it as surfactant nonionic surfactant Contains agent, and the carrier organically or organically aqueous solvent system.

Preferred embodiments of this agent are the subject  of claims 2 to 9.

Under vitamin E compounds according to the invention of the vitamin Understood E group, such as As tocopherols, in particular the naturally occurring α-tocopherol (RRR-α-tocopherol), 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2- (4 ', 8', 12'-trimethyltridocyl) -6-chromanol and tocotrienols and their isomers, salts, derivatives and / or Esters, it being irrelevant whether these compounds of the Vitamin E group of natural or synthetic origin.

The compounds of the vitamin E group are among the fat-soluble vitamins; due to their chemical-physical Properties (eg lipophilicity, high octanol-water Distribution coefficient) they are used in an application in Form of aqueous spray solutions of plant tissue only slowly and inadequately absorbed, thereby increasing its effect Reduction of phytotoxicities of plant protection products or environmental toxins and to reduce stress related Plant damage is limited.

Surprisingly, it has now been found that when using a composition according to the invention which contains nonionic surfactants (ie no ionic surfactant) as surfactants (surfactants, emulsifiers), the compounds of the vitamin E group in comparison to standard formulations, the use no or ionic surfactant, are absorbed by the plants from aqueous spray solutions much more quickly and in sufficient quantity (see also Tables 3a and 3b). Therefore, using the agent of the invention, the phytotoxicity caused by agrochemicals and / or environmental factors and toxins can be substantially reduced and in part prevented (see Figures 1 to 4); however, when using non-formulated vitamin E, solvent-only mixed vitamin E, or in a standard formulation containing an ionic surfactant, unsatisfactory and not fully reproducible biological effects are obtained.

The subject of the present invention is therefore also the Use of a reducing agent according to the invention or inhibiting agrochemicals and / or environmental toxins caused phytotoxicity to plants, to reduce the Plant damage as a result of exposure to anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic stressors and to increase the Selectivity effect of oxygen radical-producing herbicides.

Embodiments of this use according to the invention are The subject matter of claims 11 to 20.

The agent according to the invention contains as surface-active Agent (surfactants, emulsifiers) a non-ionic surfactant. As non-ionic Surfactants can according to the invention per se known non-ionic surfactants used which have little or no phytotoxicity have.

Preferred nonionic surfactants are e.g. B .:

• - Polyoxyethylenated alkyl (C8-C18) phenols with 4 to 15 mol ethylene oxide;
• - Polyoxyethylenated fatty alcohols with C12-C18, which have at least 4 and preferably 4 to 35 ethoxy groups;
• polyglycerinated fatty alcohols with C10-C18, which are 4 to 10 Have glycerol groups;
• - polyethoxylated and polyglycerinated fatty acid esters with C12-C18;
• Polyoxyethylenated fatty acid esters with C12 to C18 of Sorbitan having from 10 to 20 moles of ethylene oxide;  
• - Copolymers of propylene oxide / ethylene oxide; - Lecithin from soy or yolk;
• Fatty acid esters with C12-C18 of polyethylene glycol, which at least 2 ethoxy groups and preferably 4 to 20 Having ethoxy groups;
• - Polyoxyethyleniertes castor oil with 10 to 60 moles of ethylene oxide;
• - sucroglycerides;
• - Phosphoric acid esters of fatty alcohols;
• - optionally oxyethylenated fatty alcohol sulfates;
• polyoxyethylenated lanolin alcohols containing at least 2 Having ethoxy groups;
• - Alkylpolyglucoside with fatty alcohol radicals of C8-C16 and with 1.1 to 3 glucose units per alkyl radical;
• Poly (alkylene oxide) poly (dimethylsiloxane) copolymers;
• - Vegetable oils (such as sunflower oil, rapeseed oil) and mineral oils.

The ratio of vitamin E compounds to surface-active Agent (surfactants, emulsifiers) is preferably 1: 1 to 1:20, and especially 1: 1 to 1: 3.

With regard to the amount of the vitamin used according to the invention E-compounds must be taken to ensure that over-concentrations Vitamin E can show phytotoxic effects; the vitamin E Concentration is therefore preferably chosen so that the Concentration of vitamin E in the applied to the plants Formulation, e.g. Aqueous emulsion, 0.001 to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.01 to 1% by weight, and especially from 0.05 to 0.25% by weight, based on the application solution. Out the preferred ratio of vitamin E to surfactant Means then also results according to the invention preferred concentration of surfactant.

As an organic or organic-aqueous solvent system suitable is one that is made up of organic Solvents, the themselves no or only one  have low phytotoxicity. As organic-watery Solvent system contains this preferably up to 80 Volume percent of the organic solvent.

Suitable organic solvents are, for. B. aliphatic and cycloaliphatic aldehydes and ketones preferably having 1 to 7 Carbon atoms, 1 such as. Acetone or cyclohexanone, Alcohols, in particular mono- and polyalcohols having 1 to 6 Carbon atoms, such as. For example, ethanol, isopropanol, Propylene glycol and glycerin.

The organically or organically-aqueous solvent system can also be a mixture of 2 or more organic Contain solvents.

The agents according to the invention can be used in addition to the compounds of Vitamin E group additionally additional non-phytotoxic acting Contain antioxidants, such as. B. phenolic substances (eg. BHT, phenylpropanoids), and especially vitamin C or a Carotenoid, preferably B-carotene.

The plant strengthening agents of the invention may also In addition, one or more for plant protection and / or contain active substances suitable as a growth regulator, such as Acaricidal, algicidal, aphicidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicide, insecticide, molluscicide, nematicide, rodenticide and / or viricidal substances, for. As the contact herbicide Paraquat dichloride (1,11-dimethyl-4,4'-piperidinium dichloride), and / or the growth regulator cyanamide (for example in the form of Dormex®, a commercial product of SKW Trostberg AG).

The concentration of additional for plant protection and / or growth regulator suitable active ingredients is in the Rule in the for such formulations and / or concentrates usual concentration range.  

Preferably, the plant strengthening agent according to the invention is in the form of a concentrate to be diluted before application in front.

The plant strengthening agent according to the invention may additionally contain one or more antifreeze. Preferred are for this glycerol and / or the so-called cryo-protectants.

The plant strengthening agent of the invention is preferably applied as an aqueous emulsion. The concentration Vitamin E in a suitable for direct application Formulation, such as As an aqueous emulsion is preferably from 0.001 to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.01 to 1% by weight, and primarily 0.05 to 0.25% by weight, with 20% of the vitamin Added E-portion in the form of the corresponding acetate become.

The application of the plant strengthening agent according to the invention can also be combined with one or more Plant protection products containing one or more for the Plant protection and / or suitable as a growth regulator Active ingredients contained, take place. For this purpose, the inventive Means in the form of a concentrate one or more others pesticides containing such active substances, and which may also be in the form of a concentrate, are mixed in, and then the mixture, if appropriate after appropriate Dilution, to be applied.

The agent according to the invention can be used in combination with one or several other crop protection products simultaneously with this, z. As a mixture, are applied, or is preferably before the application of the other plant protection products applied, z. B. 1 to 2 days before the application of others Agrochemicals. The plant strengthening agent according to the invention  can, if necessary together with another Plant protection products, on the whole plant, the trunk, the Roots, seeds, fruits, shoots and / or on the Growth soil can be applied, but one is preferred Applique on the leaves.

It is for an application in all higher plants and also independent of the cultivation region, the climate or the Soil applicable. It may, depending on the place and plant part the application, with known and in the agricultural practice usual devices are applied z. B. preferably as a spray solution or spray mixture.

The agent of the invention, for. In the form of a concentrate, also has excellent storage stability, and in the application form, for. B. the spray mixture, is the Active substance (the vitamin E compound and possibly further Active ingredients) at least as long stable until a sufficient Amount of the active substance has been absorbed by the plant.

According to the invention, a means is thus provided with which by agrochemicals and / or environmental toxins and by unfavorable climatic conditions (eg heat, frost) caused Phytotoxicity inhibited or at least greatly reduced can. In this way, the quality of the plants and increase their products, and the performance of Crops can be increased and their yield increased.

Table 1 below shows a preferred formulation of the agent according to the invention (hereinafter also referred to as "safener") designated).

Table 1

Formulation of the safener

Such a formulation has the protective effect necessary characteristic physicochemical Properties on: Good wettability of the plant as A prerequisite for rapid and adequate Absorption in the plant tissue.

Table 2 below shows that compared to one not inventive formulation using a ionic surfactant significantly better results with a agents according to the invention to be obtained.

Table 2

Drug intake (0.1% ai) in apple and vine leaves within 24 hours after treatment of the upper and lower surfaces of leaves

Table 3 Ingestion of tocopherol on application of a 0.1% spray solution within 24 h (average Recording after treatment of the upper and lower sides of the Leaves)

plant species Admission (%) Citrus 65 Wine 35 Apple 27 kidney bean 35

Tables 2 and 3 show that in the spray mixture according to the invention with 0.1% Tocopherol concentration the uptake of tocopherol in the for  the protective effect deemed necessary within 24 hours is done. Within this period is the Active ingredient tocopherol in the formulation of the invention and at the concentration applied to the leaf too sufficiently stable to allow sufficient absorption of the substance biologically active form.

The safener is preferably 1-2 days before the actual Application of the agrochemical applied or with this mixed applied. This results depending on the frequency the application of potentially phytotoxic acting Agrochemicals or depending on the extent of Pollutant immissions a different number of necessary Safenerspritzungen. To the effects of To limit environmental toxins, it is appropriate, depending on Intensity of the effects of environmental toxins regularly (eg weekly, fortnightly).

The application concentration of the safener should be at the in the Agriculture, horticulture and forestry for the respective crops customary amounts of spray mixture each Hectares in the range of 0.001 to 5.0 wt.%, Preferably in Range of 0.05-0.2 wt .-% are.

The following examples illustrate the effectiveness the agent (safener) according to the invention with regard to Reduction of agrochemicals caused Phytotoxicity.

Unless otherwise indicated, forward and reference are relative below percentages by weight.

example 1 Reduction of phytotoxicity of Dormex® (active substance Cyanidainide, purchased from SKW Trostberg AG)  Pome fruit (apple, variety Jonagold) by previous application of the safener (laboratory test)

Dormex® is used in many permanent crops (eg grape, kiwi, Apple, cherries) used to dormancy (dormancy) To break plants and an earlier, more intense and to obtain uniform budding. This allows the Flower formation favors and a higher yield be generated. This is especially true for cultures temperate zones in tropical and subtropical areas cultivated (eg wine, apple). For some cultures has making the use of Dormex® a crucial economic Meaning. However, it is known that cyanamide in many Cultures cause severe damage to the vegetative and generative Divide the plants causes. This can be up to total Cause death. For others, for the meaningful use of Dormex suitable crops will be the application of cyanamide by not approved by the regulatory authorities of several countries because the concentration range between effect (refraction of the Dormancy) and toxicity for a safe, not Plant-threatening application seems too narrow. The use of cyanimide are therefore due to the high Damage potential narrow limits.

In an experiment with apple trees (variety Jonagold, 10 years old) were about 60 cm long long and short shoots on March 16, 1993 (Dormancy) cut, placed in glass jars and this randomized in the greenhouse, with each test group 10 individual drives were assigned. The following variants were tested: control (absolutely untreated), safener (0.25%) + Dormex® (3% product = 1.5% active ingredient), safener (0.25%) alone and Dormex® (3% product) alone. The Application of the safener took place on 16.03.1993, the  Application of Dormex® on 18.03.1993. The shoots (wood, no green parts) were wetted dripping wet.

The assessment and assessment of phytotoxicity was carried out by assessing the macroscopically visible damage. The rating scale ranged from 0 = no phytoxicity, 1 = browning at the leaf tip; 2 = necroses at the tip of the leaf and margins as well as in the central area, up to 3 = extensive necrotic changes. The Boniturergebnisse are shown in Figs. 1 and 2 for terminal and side buds. From Figs. 1 and 2 it can be seen that the application of Dormex® causes significant strong necrotic damage and the application of the safener significantly reduces the toxicity by more than 80%.

Example 2 Reducing the phytotoxicity of Dormex® to pome fruit (apple, Elstar) by the previous application of the safener (Field Test)

In an experiment with apple trees (variety Elstar, 2 years old Container plants) were 16 trees on 18.01.1993 (Dormanzzeit) placed in a greenhouse. The following variants were tested: control (absolutely untreated), safener (0.25%) Dormex (3% product = 1.5% active ingredient), safener (0.25 %) alone and Dormex (3% product) alone. The application the safener took place on 20.01.1993, the application of Dormex® on 22.01. 1993. The preparations were with a Hand spray applied and wet the trees dripping wet. The Influence of the preparations on the weight of the leaves and on the Photosynthetic efficiency was 70 days after the Application measured by Dormex®.  

Fig. 3 shows that treatment with Dormex® reduces the average total leaf weight per tree by more than 20%. This is due to the strong necrotic damage of the leaves. A prior application of the safener causes no significant change in the weight of the sheet. This corresponds to the performance of the trees (see Fig. 4): the chlorophyll fluorescence of Dormex® treated leaves as a measure of photosynthetic efficiency decreases by 20%; in a pretreatment with the safener no impairment of performance compared to the untreated control is more recognizable.

This shows that in addition to a reduction in potential Assimilation area also the photosynthetic Performance potential per unit area by treatment with Dormex® is mitigated and both negative effects of Add Dormex®. By an inventive Pretreatment with the safener but both effects completely stopped. This ensures that by the use of the safener before the application of Dormex® the intended protection fully achieved and not by possible harmful side effects is completely or partially suppressed.

Example 3 Increase fruit quality through regular use of the Safeners on apple trees of the Jonagold variety

In 1992, eight apple trees of the variety Jonagold were grown during the growing season at intervals of 7 days with the safener treated (1st injection: 4.5.1992, last injection 7.9.1992) The safener concentration was 0.1% active ingredient. Per tree  0.3 l spraying solution was applied. It was in the entire trial area the practice-specific phytosanitary and care treatments performed. On 4.10.1992 all were Fruits harvested and the external quality features through Bonitur determined. Sunburn damage could be completely prevented and stippigkeit, a metabolic disorder of the Fruits reduced by more than 20% compared to the control become. The coloration of the fruits was under the influence of Preparations clearly visibly improved.

Example 4 Reduction of oxidative stress caused by paraquat

The effect of the herbicidal active ingredient paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl- 4,4'-bipyridinium dichloride) is due to the formation of Radicals that cause damage to the photosynthetic Electron transport and in the further course to the death of the Plants leads. The trial was under controlled Conditions in a plant culture room with leaf discs a diameter of 25 mm, fresh out Free field apple leaves were punched out with a cork borer. The leaf discs were placed in Petri dishes (Diameter 9.5 cm) containing 15 ml of distilled water were filled. Each variant included 8 Petri dishes with 5 each Leaf discs. Each leaf disc were using a Microliter syringe 40 drops of 0.5 μl of the safener solution on the Applied top of sheet.

24 or 48 hours also pretreatment were of each variant Including the control the leaf discs of 4 each Petri dishes additionally with 20 0.5 μl drops of 0.2 mM aqueous paraquat solution. 6 hours after application of Paraquat was the chlorophyll fluorescence as a measure of Efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus of the individual Leaf discs measured. Compared to a completely untreated  Control decreases the Fluroeszenzwert after paraquat treatment By 17% for 24 hours and 25% after 48 hours. At a Pretreatment with the safener decreases the fluorescence value after 24 Hours by 7% and after 48 hours by 8%. That's it it can be seen that the safener has the plant damaging effect of radicals can effectively prevent. Paraquat was in This experiment is exemplary for all other stress factors used, via a formation of reactive oxygen species cause damage to the plant (eg heat, cold, Ozone).

Example 5 Reduction of the susceptibility of apple blossoms to frost Apple variety Boskoop

In April and May 1994 apple shoots were in the flowering stage of fading balloon bloom artificially frosted. For this purpose were cut the shoots in the orchard, randomized 4 Assigned groups of 30 shoots and these in water filled containers placed. Each 10 shoots were closed each different dates before the frost (4, 24 or 48 hours) with a hand spray dripping wet. It was the influence of the following treatments on the promotion the frost resistance of the flowers tested:

• 1. Vitamin E preparation (0.25% active substance)
• 2. Vitamin E preparation (0.25% active substance) and Glycerine additive (5% of the amount of water used)
• 3. Glycerol (5% of the amount of water used)
• 4. Control (untreated) as a reference for all Pre-treatment appointments.

All test and time series groups were scheduled for the same date Subjected to cold treatment so that they have identical conditions were subjected. The freezing took place in a cold room,  in the temperature deviations from the set Target temperature of maximum ± 0.5 ° C occurred. The temperature became gradually from the ambient temperature (12 ° C) shut down:

to + 8 ° C in 120 min.
to + 5 ° C in 30 min.
to + 2 ° C in 30 min.
to -2.5 ° C in 45 min.

At -2.5 ° C, the temperature was held for 3 hours. Subsequently, a gradual thawing of the shoots in the aforementioned gradations.

Forty-eight hours after thawing, the flowers became longitudinally cut and the ovaries on their injury scoring. The central flowers were (20 each per appointment and treatment variant) and side buds (50 each appointment and Treatment variant) examined separately. Brown or black stained ovaries were classified as frost-damaged.

The central flowers that occur in apple shoots as a minority responded because of their particular physiological Characteristics across all measurement dates considered less positive on antifreeze treatments than those in clear Majority of apple buds side-buds (Table 4). However, it has been shown that safener treatment in Combination with a glycerine additive for spray solution 24 Hours before the start of freezing both at central and Even with side buds 100% protection of the flower organs was able to ensure. A combined application of Safener and glycerin were the sole glycerin use too clearly superior to all pre-treatment appointments. Related to the numerically dominating lateral buds in apple shoots the treatment with the safener alone also resulted in Times 24 and 28 hours before freezing in convincing Antifreeze results. The significantly less favorable results  to the early pretreatment date (4 hours) are thus too explain that the vitamin E is not yet completely in the Plant tissue has invaded. It follows that the Antifreeze treatment of safeners advantageously in Combine with glycerin is. The injection of the Trees should be about 24 hours before the occurrence of frost be made to ensure maximum protection of the flowers sure. Today's weather forecasts leave you safe Forecasts of frosty nights 24 hours before they occur.

Table 4

Frost resistance of flowers depending on various pretreatments

Claims (20)

Plant strengthening agent containing vitamin E, surface active agents and optionally other formulation auxiliaries in a non-phytotoxic suitable for application to plants carrier, characterized in that it contains nonionic surfactant as a surfactant, and the carrier is an inorganic or organic-aqueous solvent system is. 2. Plant strengthening agent according to claim 1, characterized characterized in that the ratio of vitamin E to surfactant 1: 1 to 1:20, preferably 1: 1 to 1: 3. 3. Plant strengthening agent according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is additionally non-phytotoxic contains effective antioxidants. 4. Plant strengthening agent according to claim 3, characterized characterized in that the additional antioxidant is vitamin C or is a carotenoid or a phenolic substance. 5. Plant strengthening agent according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it additionally one or several for crop protection and / or as a growth regulator contains suitable active ingredients. 6. Plant strengthening agent according to claim 5, characterized characterized in that the active substance is an acaricide, algicide, aphicid, bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, insecticidal, molluscicidal, nematicidal, rodenticidal and / or viricidal Fabric is. 7. Plant strengthening agent according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it in the form of a before Application to diluting concentrate is present. 8. Plant strengthening agent according to one of the claims 1-7, characterized in that it additionally one or more Contains antifreeze.   9. Plant strengthening agent according to claim 8, characterized characterized in that the antifreeze is selected from Glycerin and cryo-protectants. 10. Use of a plant tonic after any one of claims 1 to 9 for the reduction or inhibition the unfavorable climatic conditions of agrochemicals and / or Environmental toxins caused phytotoxicity phenomena Plants, as well as to increase the selectivity effect Oxygen radical-producing herbicides. 11. Use according to claim 10, characterized characterized in that the plant tonic as applied aqueous emulsion. 12. Use according to claim 11, characterized characterized in that the aqueous emulsion vitamin E in a Amount of 0.001 to 5 wt .-%, based on the total emulsion, contains. 13. Use according to claim 12, characterized characterized in that the concentration of vitamin E is 0.05 to 0.25 wt .-% is. 14. Use according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the plant strengthening agent in Combination with one or more plant strengthening agents, one or more for plant protection and / or as Growth regulator contains suitable active ingredients applied. 15. Use according to claim 14, characterized characterized in that the active substance is an acaricide, algicide, aphicid, bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, insecticidal, molluscicidal, nematicidal, rodenticidal and / or viricidal Fabric is. 16. Use according to one of claims 10 to 15, characterized in that the plant strengthening agent according to one of claims 1 to 9 in the form of a concentrate one or more other plant strengthening agents admixed and the mixture applied.   17. Use according to claim 14 or 15, characterized characterized in that the plant strengthening agent according to a of claims 1 to 9 before the application of others Plant tonic or simultaneously with these applied. 18. Use according to one of claims 10 to 17, characterized in that the plant strengthening agent to one of claims 1 to 9, optionally together with a other plant tonic, on the leaves, shoots, the Stem, the whole plant, the roots, the seeds or fruits and / or applied to the floor. 19. Use according to any one of claims 10-18, characterized in that the plant strengthening agent according to any one of claims 1-9, in combination with a Antifreeze on the leaves, flowers, shoots, the fruits, the whole plant, the roots and / or the soil applied. 20. Use according to claim 19, characterized characterized in that the antifreeze is selected from Glycerin and Cryo-protectants.