DE4433566B4 - Use of a ground, open-cell phenolic resin foam as a spreadable chemical binder - Google Patents

Abstract

Use of a ground, open-cell phenolic resin foam whose acid content is neutralized with ammonia or an ammonia-releasing compound, as dispersible chemical binder for absorbing alkalis, ketones, alkalis, amines, acid chlorides, hydrocarbons (including chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons), fuels and oils, organic and inorganic acids, alcohols, salt solutions, monomers, emulsions, cleaning fluids and radioactive substances.

Description

In the European patent specification EP 0040821 B1 For example, there is described a chemical binder for bases and acids created from closed-cell phenolic foam which has been ground. This has a very good drying capacity when sweeping up leaked liquids and is floatable on water. However, open-cell, milled phenolic foams have not been preferred for use as a chemical binder because they moisturize and are not buoyant.

JP59006230 discloses a phenolic-containing copolymer bearing sulfonic acid groups and treated with ammonia atmosphere.

JP51052472 discloses a phenol resin with increased storage stability, which is used for an emulsion with casein, urea and ammonia.

DE-OS1944636 describes an oil binder for the adsorptive removal of liquid petroleum products.

The The present invention describes an open cell, neutral milled phenolic foam for use as a chemical binder, in its absorption performance, the previous application attempts of Phenolic foam far surpasses and especially for the fight against chemicals for sucking leaked dangerous liquids and

Thicken, Packaging and can be used for transport safety.

Open-cell Phenolic foam blocks are used especially when the foam body of a To give pressure load, so for example to Selbstabformende Push-packaging boards to manufacture, in orthopedics for the impression of footprints and in the nursery as a cushion for Flowers and wreaths. In the production of such block foams fall significant amounts of waste, which must be disposed of expensively.

The The present invention can provide this foam production from the high disposal costs free, because these foam blends can now become important raw material for the Inventive dispersible chemical binder according to the invention become.

description one carried out Experiment: An open celled phenolic foam block blend was added spreadable Flakes of up to 4 mm ground. Unlike previous attempts, where the phenolic resin foam still contained residual acid and a pH on the flake surface of about pH 2, a phenolic foam was used here, which was also open-celled, but had been neutralized with ammonia, so that one pH of about pH 6.5 on the flake surface was reached.

to Measurement of the absorption effect of this ground, open-cell and with ammonia neutralized phenolic foam became the test method the Federal Institute for Materials research and testing (BAM), Berlin, applied. This BAM test method is for evaluation of chemical binders since 1980.

to exam the absorption effect of the test material at room temperature compared to individual substances and solutions 1 g each of the test material was placed in an Erlenmeyer flask weighed. Subsequently became the liquid to be absorbed with even distribution added.

To a life of 5 minutes became the contents of the Erlenmeyer flask placed on a wire mesh. The not absorbed portion of the liquid dripped off. After a dripping time of 2 minutes, the mass became the unabsorbed amount of fluid measured.

To The loaded chemical binder dripped off with the unabsorbed portion of the liquid mechanical aids can be received.

The The following table shows the absorption effect of the ground, open-celled Phenolic foam compared between an acid and a foam with ammonia neutralized phenolic foam. The table shows the surprising ones Performance enhancements, all the suction capacities of previously known spreadable By far surpass the absorption of phenolic resin.

The absorption performance also exceeds in terms of versatility and simultaneous height the known spreadable, organic oil and chemical binder on the market, as far as these providers scientific reviews have been published. Comparison table of the absorption effect between Rench-Rapid G with acidic and neutral flake surface Tested liquid substance group Absorption effect kg chemical / kg absorbent angry neutral Paint Stripper alkalis * 51.0 acetone ketone 10.6 14.9 Ammonia 25% lye 16.0 20.2 aniline Amin 14.1 20.5 paints * 55.1 benzoyl chloride acid chloride 15.4 20.4 chloroform chlorine. KW 18.6 26.8 diesel fuel 12.3 18.1 Acetic acid 65% org. acid 14.9 21.4 ethylene glycol alcohol 10.5 22.1 fixer saline solution 13.6 27.6 heptane KW 9.8 13.6 Sodium hydroxide 33% lye 23.1 32.9 Hydrochloric acid 25% anorg. acid 15.0 21.7 Sulfuric acid 25% anorg. S. 28.0 38.6 styrene monomer 14.1 18.1 Tetra-CHC chlorine. KW 20.9 27.3 toluene Arom. KW 11.8 16.9

For the with Asterisk * marked positions could not provide reliable readings due to the nature of the loaded mass.

The Comparison table shows the surprising Performance increase of the chemical binder. Field trials show that the Chemical binder absorbs the liquids very quickly and thereby even in the pores of the industrial floor is able to penetrate and suck out residual liquid there. The high absorption values are therefore of particular importance because so far similar Values only with expensive swellable Polyacrylates as possible for a few substances.

Compared to swellable polyacrylates shows the chemical binder according to the invention but still a significant safety advantage. While swellable polyacrylates especially with acids show a violent heat of reaction, for example with sulfuric acid up to 58 degrees Celsius and with hydrochloric acid up to 38 degrees Celsius, shows the chemical binder only low heat of reaction (with sulfuric acid 96% and benzoyl chloride), but no heat of reaction in most materials.

A strong heat of reaction is only in unsaturated to observe aromatic aldehydes, but it is known that phenolic foams with react to this substance group and should not be used as well not for substances of hazard classes 5 and 8 (hazard classes after GGVS / ADR Annex B. 5) Also the chemical binder shows no stickiness, as known from loaded swelling agents.

Ground, closed-cell phenolic foam, which is buoyant, the milled, open-celled phenolic foam shows to be capable in Water, acids, Lyes and emulsions immediately penetrate and absorb these. This corresponds to today's Industrial requirement profile for chemical binders.

Thus, the chemical binder is able to handle most commercial chemicals and preparations to bind. The experiments also show that the chemical binder reaches a dry state in many substances. This is probably due to the high absorption capacity, which distributes the liquid evenly throughout the entire bed of the chemical binder.

The high absorption capacity of the chemical binder is much more economical Importance. Because when sucking and thickening liquids and waste materials by the absorbent the total mass considerably increased. Corresponding increase the disposal costs for the transport and the incineration or the deposit on one Landfill. The performance values of the uptake effect show that the chemical binder binds a multiple of its own weight, so that the percentage the mass enlargement of the absorbed amount extremely low is.

Since phenolic resins are completely combustible and even provide energy to it, no unwanted residual ash is formed. The bound chemicals can therefore be decomposed faster in the combustion, as is possible with mineral absorbents. There may be contained in the mineral residue ash chemical compounds. Therefore, such ashes are disposed of at a considerable cost in mines. Table 2 Further absorption effect of Rench-Rapid G with neutral flake surface Tested liquid substance group Absorption effect kg chemical / kg absorbent neutral acetaldehyde aldehyde 18.9 Dried milk 1:30 KW 19.5 1,3 butanediol polyalcohol 20.7 butylamine Amin 15.0 chlorobenzene chlorine. arom. KW 16.6 diethyl ether ether 14.5 dimethyl ester 23.8 glacial acetic acid org. acid 19.8 epichlorohydrin chlorine. KW 22.3 ethylene glycol monomethyl ether ether 16.8 Formaldehyde 37% aldehyde 22.6 photo developer org. saline solution 25.8 isopropanol alcohol 16.7 Kerosene fuel 16.2 Lacquer, colorless 26.1 Table 3 Further absorption effect of Rench-Rapid G with neutral flake surface Tested liquid substance group Absorption effect Chemical / Absorbent neutral m-cresol phenol 23.6 methanol alcohol 17.0 N, N dimethylformamide amide 17.8 Nitoverdünner solvent 19.0 Phosphoric acid 85% anorg acid 36.4 propionitrile nitrile 16.5 pyridine org. base 21.2 1.1.2.2 Tetrachloroethane chlorine. KW 28.6 Tricresyl phosphate ester, softener 40.3 Gasoline 16.2

1 shows a pressure vessel ( 1 ) in the open-cell phenolic resin foam, for example in the form of plates ( 2 ) or small blocks and with ammonia ( 3 ) via the supply line ( 4 ) is gassed until the residual acid content of the phenolic foam ( 1 ) is neutralized.

2 shows a modified method.

It becomes an ammonia-releasing substance ( 5 ), for example, ammonium acetate, added to the liquid formulation of the mixture used for the phenolic foaming in order to neutralize the residual acid after the phenolic resin foam has been boosted.

Both Procedures achieve an open cell, neutral (about pH 6.5) phenolic resin foam, the ground excellent as oil and chemicals binder can be used with never reached suction performance.

There in practical application, the performance of the chemical binder not fully exploited, usually arises a sweeping End product, as it would not be possible with too low absorption capacity.

to Improvement of the external dryness The flakes may be added to the open cell phenolic foam ground, closed-cell phenolic resin and / or polyurethane (PUR and / or PIR) added become.

to increase The compressive strength at the landfill may be the open-celled phenolic resin also a swelling agent, for example a polyacrylate, may be added.

in the Unlike the closed-cell phenolic resin foam, the open-cell capillary fluids within a bed transport. Therefore, the chemical binder according to the invention is also suitable excellent as absorbent in packaging. He is very easy and even the small packaging mass of the binder chemicals can exceed very large quantities liquid to bind.

As well is suitable due to its capillary property of the chemical binder for thickening waste liquids, hazardous waste and muds. About that In addition, it can be excellent because of its high chemical resistance as a filler be incorporated into industrial mixtures or mixtures and significantly to stability contribute to the mixtures or as a desiccant for raising numerous Substances are used. Due to the unusually high absorption capacity suffice even very small amounts of the chemical binder.

Claims (6)

Use of a ground, open-cell phenolic resin foam, its acidity neutralized with ammonia or an ammonia releasing compound is, as dispersible Chemical binders for the absorption of alkalis, ketones, alkalis, amines, Acid chlorides, Hydrocarbons (including chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons), Fuels and oils, organic and inorganic acids, Alcohols, salt solutions, Monomers, emulsions, cleaning fluids and radioactive Substances. Use according to claim 1, characterized that the open-cell, neutralized phenolic foam one or several swelling agents are mixed, which in the aufzusaugenden Liquid swellable and / or soluble are, for example, a polyacrylate and / or rubber and / or other Plastic polymer, alginate, glue, silica gel and / or bentonite. Use according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the phenolic resin foam for absorbing a base with an acid and for absorbing an acid treated, occupied or mixed with a base. Use according to claim 3, characterized that the phenolic foam is mixed with sodium bicarbonate. Use according to claim 3, characterized that the phenolic resin foam with a calcium compound, for example Calcium carbonate and / or calcium sulfate is mixed. Use according to at least one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the open-cell phenolic resin closed cell Phenolic resin and / or polyurethane is mixed for improvement the external dryness.