DE4432577A1 - Assembly for introduction of liq. into selective catalytic redn. assembly - Google Patents
Assembly for introduction of liq. into selective catalytic redn. assemblyInfo
- Publication number
- DE4432577A1 DE4432577A1 DE4432577A DE4432577A DE4432577A1 DE 4432577 A1 DE4432577 A1 DE 4432577A1 DE 4432577 A DE4432577 A DE 4432577A DE 4432577 A DE4432577 A DE 4432577A DE 4432577 A1 DE4432577 A1 DE 4432577A1
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- supply line
- liquid supply
- valve
- internal combustion
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/003—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes for supplying chemicals to fumes, e.g. using injection devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9431—Processes characterised by a specific device
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9495—Controlling the catalytic process
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/08—Adding substances to exhaust gases with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/10—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1473—Overflow or return means for the substances, e.g. conduits or valves for the return path
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1486—Means to prevent the substance from freezing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/14—Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits
- F01N2610/1493—Purging the reducing agent out of the conduits or nozzle
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Einrichtung zur Einbrin gung einer Flüssigkeit in ein Strömungsmedium mit einem Vor ratsbehälter für die Flüssigkeit und einer daran angeschlos senen Flüssigkeitszuführungsleitung, die in einer Austritts öffnung für die Flüssigkeit endet.The invention relates to a device for Einbrin supply of a liquid in a fluid with a pre Storage container for the liquid and one connected to it its liquid supply line, which is in an outlet Opening for the liquid ends.
Zur Verminderung der in einem Abgas eines Verbrennungsmotors enthaltenen Schadstoffe, im besonderen der Stickoxide, hat sich für Verbrennungsmotoren, die mit einem Luftüberschuß be trieben werden, wie z. B. Diesel- und Magermotoren, das Sy stem des geregelten Dieselkatalysators (GDK) als bisher vor teilhafteste Technik erwiesen. Diese im wesentlichen auf dem Verfahren der selektiven katalytischen Reduktion (SCR) beru hende Technik ist mittlerweile aus zahlreichen Veröffentli chungen und Patentanmeldungen, z. B. aus den deutschen Pa tentanmeldungen P 43 09 891.6, P 43 10 926.8 und P 43 15 278.3, bekannt.To reduce that in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine contained pollutants, especially nitrogen oxides are for internal combustion engines that be with an excess of air are driven, such. B. Diesel and lean engines, the Sy stem of the regulated diesel catalyst (GDK) than before most proven technology. This essentially on the Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) process The technology is now from numerous publications researches and patent applications, e.g. B. from the German Pa tent registrations P 43 09 891.6, P 43 10 926.8 and P 43 15 278.3, known.
Beim SCR-Verfahren werden die Stickoxide zusammen mit Ammoni ak an einem selektiven Katalysator kontaktiert und kataly tisch zu umweltunbedenklichem Stickstoff und Wasser umge setzt. Es ist weiter bekannt, daß bei dem GDK-System Ammoniak aufgrund der mit dem Ammoniakeinsatz verbundenen Gefahren, wie z. B. seine Giftigkeit und die durch Ammoniak hervorgeru fene Geruchsbelästigung, nicht im Fahrzeug mitgeführt werden darf. Das zur katalytischen Umsetzung der Stickoxide erfor derliche Reduktionsmittel wird anstelle des Ammoniaks in Form einer wäßrigen Harnstofflösung im Fahrzeug mitgeführt. Aus dieser wäßrigen Harnstofflösung kann der Ammoniak durch Hy drolyse der Harnstofflösung in der augenblicklich gerade zur Umsetzung der Stickoxide benötigten Menge erzeugt werden. In the SCR process, the nitrogen oxides together with ammoni ak contacted on a selective catalyst and catalyzed table to environmentally safe nitrogen and water puts. It is also known that in the GDK system ammonia due to the dangers associated with the use of ammonia, such as B. its toxicity and that caused by ammonia no unpleasant smell, not to be carried in the vehicle may. The required for the catalytic conversion of nitrogen oxides Such reducing agent is in the place of ammonia carried an aqueous urea solution in the vehicle. Out this aqueous urea solution can the ammonia by Hy drolysis of the urea solution at the moment Implementation of the nitrogen oxides required amount can be generated.
Es ist ein Vorteil der in wäßrigen Lösungen vorliegenden am moniakfreisetzenden Substanzen, wie z. B. Harnstoff, daß die Bevorratung, die Handhabung, die Förder- und Dosierbarkeit technisch besonders einfach zu lösen sind. Ein gravierender Nachteil dieser wäßrigen Lösungen besteht darin, daß in Ab hängigkeit von der Konzentration der gelösten Substanz die Gefahr des Einfrierens bei bestimmten Temperaturen besteht.It is an advantage of those present in aqueous solutions monia-releasing substances, such as. B. urea that the Stocking, handling, conveyability and dosing are technically particularly easy to solve. A serious one The disadvantage of these aqueous solutions is that in Ab dependence on the concentration of the dissolved substance There is a risk of freezing at certain temperatures.
Eine einfache Zugabe eines Frostschutzmittels scheitert daran, daß für derartige wäßrige Lösungen kein Frostschutz mittel bekannt ist, das bei wirtschaftlicher Dosierung eine nennenswerte Absenkung des Gefrierpunktes der wäßrigen Lösung bewirkt. Zudem besteht bei der Verwendung eines zusätzlichen Stoffes, wie z. B. eines Frostschutzmittels, im allgemeinen die Gefahr, daß im Zusammenhang mit der Anwendung eines Re duktionsmittels in Abgasreinigungsanlagen unerwünschte Neben produkte entstehen, die zusammen mit dem Abgas emittiert wer den. Aus diesem Grunde können Frostschutzmittel in einem sol chen Verfahren zur Abgasreinigung nicht eingesetzt werden.A simple addition of an anti-freeze fails because there is no frost protection for such aqueous solutions is known that with economical dosing a Significant lowering of the freezing point of the aqueous solution causes. There is also an additional Substance such as B. an antifreeze, in general the risk that in connection with the application of a Re detergent in exhaust gas cleaning systems undesirable addition products are created that are emitted together with the exhaust gas the. For this reason, antifreeze can be used in a sol Chen procedures for exhaust gas cleaning are not used.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit zur Vermeidung des Einfrierens der wäßrigen Lösung und zur Vermeidung von Frostschäden ist grundsätzlich die Beheizung der reduktionsmittelführenden Teile der Abgasreinigungsanlage. Bei mobilen Anwendungen, speziell in Nutzfahrzeugen (LKW), Lokomotiven und Schiffen - soweit diese nicht mit eigener Energieversorgung versehen sind -, steht jedoch die dazu notwendige elektrische Energie, insbesondere während längerer Stillstandszeiten, nicht zur Verfügung. So müßte beispielsweise bei einem LKW ein Volumen von etwa 100 l wäßriger Harnstofflösung vor dem Einfrieren geschützt werden.Another way to avoid freezing the aqueous solution and to avoid frost damage basically the heating of the reducing agent Parts of the emission control system. For mobile applications, especially in commercial vehicles (trucks), locomotives and ships - as far as these do not have their own energy supply are - but there is the necessary electrical energy, especially during long downtimes, not for Available. For example, a truck would need a volume of about 100 liters of aqueous urea solution before freezing to be protected.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, Frostschäden an Teilen einer Abgasreinigungsanlage für den mobilen Einsatz in Fahrzeugen während der Stillstandszeiten zu vermeiden und den Betrieb einer solchen Anlage bei Temperaturen unterhalb des Gefrierpunktes der verwendeten Reduktionsmittellösung zu ermöglichen.The invention is therefore based on the object frost damage on parts of an exhaust gas cleaning system for mobile use to avoid in vehicles during downtimes and the operation of such a system at temperatures below the freezing point of the reducing agent solution used enable.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß eine Einrichtung zur Einbringung einer Flüssigkeit in ein Strö mungsmedium mit einem thermisch isolierten Vorratsbehälter für die Flüssigkeit und einer daran angeschlossenen Flüssig keitszuführungsleitung, die in einer Austrittsöffnung für die Flüssigkeit endet, vorgesehen ist, wobei in der Flüssigkeits zuführungsleitung ein Rückspül-Ventil vorgesehen ist, das mit einem unter Druck stehenden Gas beaufschlagbar ist.This object is achieved in that a Device for introducing a liquid into a stream medium with a thermally insulated storage container for the liquid and a liquid connected to it keitszuführungsleitung that in an outlet for the Liquid ends up being provided in the liquid supply line a backwash valve is provided with a pressurized gas can be applied.
Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, zu jedem beliebigen Zeitpunkt die in der Flüssigkeitszuführungsleitung vorhandene Flüssig keit mittels des unter Druck stehenden Gases in den Vorrats behälter zurückzuspülen und/oder durch die Austrittsöffnung für die Flüssigkeit herauszuspülen. Insbesondere Nutzfahrzeu ge verfügen über ein Druckluftsystem, welches an das Rück spül-Ventil angeschlossen werden kann. Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, beispielsweise unmittelbar nach dem Abstellen des Fahrzeuges, das Rückspülen der Flüssigkeit, z. B. einer wäß rigen Reduktionsmittellösung, mittels der im Fahrzeug vorhan denen Druckluft durchzuführen. Aufgrund der thermischen Iso lation des Vorratsbehälters ist es weitgehend gewährleistet, daß die im Vorratsbehälter vorhandene Flüssigkeit und die in den Vorratsbehälter zurückgespülte Flüssigkeit nicht einfrie ren.This way it is possible at any time the liquid present in the liquid supply line speed in the supply by means of the pressurized gas backwash the container and / or through the outlet for rinsing out the liquid. Commercial vehicles in particular ge have a compressed air system which is connected to the rear flush valve can be connected. That way it is possible, for example immediately after turning off the Vehicle, backwashing the liquid, e.g. B. an aq reducing agent solution, by means of which exist in the vehicle which to carry compressed air. Due to the thermal iso lation of the storage container, it is largely guaranteed that the liquid in the reservoir and the in Do not freeze the backwashed liquid ren.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung können die Flüs sigkeitszuführungsleitung und gegebenenfalls weitere in der Flüssigkeitszuführungsleitung angeschlossene Komponenten, wie z. B. ein Ventil, ein Filter, eine Pumpe, rückspülbar ausge führt sein. Es ist auf diese Weise gewährleistet, daß in dem gesamten Flüssigkeitsstrang zwischen Vorratsbehälter und Aus trittsöffnung keine Flüssigkeit nach dem Rückspülen ver bleibt. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the rivers liquid supply line and any other in the Liquid supply line connected components, such as e.g. B. a valve, a filter, a pump, backwashed out leads. In this way it is ensured that in the entire liquid line between the reservoir and Aus no liquid after the backwash remains.
Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn als Rückspül-Ventil ein Drei/Drei- Wegeventil eingesetzt ist. Auf diese Weise kann die in der Flüssigkeitszuführungsleitung befindliche Flüssigkeit in beide Strömungsrichtung gespült werden. Zusätzlich kann bei spielsweise beim Einbringen der Flüssigkeit in das Strömungs medium eine Zerstäubung der Flüssigkeit an der Austrittsöff nung mittels der Druckluft, die über das Rückspül-Ventil in die Flüssigkeitszuführungsleitung eingeführt wird, erfolgen.It is advantageous if a three / three- Directional control valve is used. In this way, the in the Liquid supply line liquid in both flow directions are flushed. In addition, at for example when introducing the liquid into the flow medium atomization of the liquid at the outlet opening by means of the compressed air that flows in through the backwash valve the liquid supply line is inserted.
Um beispielsweise einen in der Leitung für das Strömungsmedi um in Strömungsrichtung des Strömungsmediums nach der Aus trittsöffnung angeordneten Katalysator nur gering mit der Flüssigkeit bei dem Rückspülen zu belasten, ist es vorteil haft, wenn der Weg der Flüssigkeitszuführungsleitung zwischen dem Rückspül-Ventil und der Austrittsöffnung besonders kurz ist im Bezug zur Gesamtlänge der Flüssigkeitszuführungslei tung. Hierunter wird auch verstanden, daß das Rückspül-Ventil unmittelbar an der Austrittsöffnung angeordnet ist und als solches kein separates Stück Flüssigkeitszuführungsleitung zwischen Austrittsöffnung und Rückspül-Ventil angeordnet ist.For example, one in the line for the flow medium to in the flow direction of the flow medium after the off catalyst arranged only slightly with the Loading liquid during backwashing is advantageous liable if the path of the liquid supply line between the backwash valve and the outlet opening are particularly short is in relation to the total length of the liquid supply line tung. This also means that the backwash valve is arranged directly at the outlet opening and as such no separate piece of liquid supply line is arranged between the outlet opening and backwash valve.
Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind den übrigen Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are the other subclaims.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand einer Figur näher erläutert. Die Figur zeigt in schematischer Darstellung eine Einrichtung 2 zur Einbringung einer wäßrigen Harnstoff lösung 4 in ein in einer Abgasleitung 42 geführt es stickoxid haltiges Abgas 5 eines nicht weiter dargestellten Verbren nungsmotors. Ein solcher Verbrennungsmotor kann beispielswei se in einem Nutzfahrzeug, wie z. B. einem LKW, einer Lokomo tive oder einem Schiff, eingebaut sein.An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to a figure. The figure shows a schematic representation of a device 2 for introducing an aqueous urea solution 4 into a guided in an exhaust pipe 42 , it contains nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust gas 5 of an internal combustion engine, not shown. Such an internal combustion engine can, for example, se in a commercial vehicle, such as. B. a truck, a Lokomo tive or a ship.
In der Figur erkennt man einen Vorratsbehälter 6 für die Harnstofflösung 4, wobei der Vorratsbehälter 6 eine thermi sche Isolierung 7, eine Entlüftungsvorrichtung 8 und einen Wärmetauscher 10 aufweist. An den Vorratsbehälter 6 ist eine Harnstoffzuführungsleitung 12 angeschlossen, die - der Reihe nach - über einen weiteren separaten Vorratsbehälter 14, ei nen Filter 16, eine Pumpe 18 und ein Rückspül-Ventil 20 in einer als Austrittsöffnung 22 vorgesehenen Düse 24 endet.In the figure you can see a reservoir 6 for the urea solution 4 , wherein the reservoir 6 has a thermal insulation 7 , a venting device 8 and a heat exchanger 10 . To the reservoir 6 , a urea supply line 12 is connected, which - one after the other - via a further separate reservoir 14 , egg NEN filter 16 , a pump 18 and a backwash valve 20 in a nozzle 24 provided as an outlet opening 22 .
Das Rückspül-Ventil 20 ist als Drei/Drei-Wegeventil ausge führt. Im oberen Teil des Rückspül-Ventils 20 ist eine Druck luftzuführungsleitung 26 angeschlossen, die von einem Druck luftbehälter 28 ausgeht. Das Rückspül-Ventil 20 weist weiter einen Steuereingang 30 auf, der in hier nicht weiter darge stellter Weise an einen Bordcomputer für die Steuerung des Verbrennungsmotors und der Pumpe 18 für die wäßrige Harn stofflösung 4 angeschlossen ist. Mittels dieses Steuerein gangs 30 wird die Funktion des als Drei/Drei-Wegeventils ausgestalteten Rückspül-Ventils 20 festgelegt.The backwash valve 20 is out as a three / three-way valve. In the upper part of the backwash valve 20 , a compressed air supply line 26 is connected, which starts from a compressed air tank 28 . The backwash valve 20 also has a control input 30 , which is connected in a manner not shown here to an on-board computer for controlling the internal combustion engine and the pump 18 for the aqueous urea solution 4 . By means of this control input 30 , the function of the backwash valve 20 configured as a three / three-way valve is defined.
Das Rückspül-Ventil 20 hat drei steuerbare Funktionsweisen. Die erste Funktion 32 sieht einen ungehinderten Durchlaß der wäßrigen Harnstofflösung 4 vor. Die zweite Funktion 34 sieht ein Absperren der Harnstoffzuführungsleitung 12 in Richtung zum Vorratsbehälter 6 hin und ein Ausblasen der Harnstoffzu führungsleitung 12 in Richtung zur Austrittsöffnung 22 hin vor. Die dritte Funktion 36 verhält sich umgekehrt zur Funk tion 34.The backwash valve 20 has three controllable modes of operation. The first function 32 provides unimpeded passage of the aqueous urea solution 4 . The second function 34 provides for shutting off the urea supply line 12 in the direction of the storage container 6 and blowing out the urea supply line 12 in the direction of the outlet opening 22 . The third function 36 behaves inversely to the function 34th
Bei der Inbetriebnahme des Verbrennungsmotors befindet sich die Harnstofflösung 4 vollständig in den Vorratsbehältern 6 und 14. Bei einer Außentemperatur unter dem Gefrierpunkt der wäßrigen Harnstofflösung 4 kann es insbesondere bei längeren Standzeiten trotz der thermischen Isolierung 7 des Vorratsbe hälters 6 zu einem Einfrieren der wäßrigen Harnstofflösung 4 kommen. In einem solchen Betriebsfall kann nun entweder nach Anlassen des Verbrennungsmotors oder auch bereits vor dem An lassen des Verbrennungsmotors mittels einer elektrischen Hei zung 38, die einen Wärmetauscher 40 mit Wärme versorgt, ein geringes Startvolumen 4′ an Harnstofflösung 4 in dem als Zwi schenbehälter dienenden Vorratsbehälter 14 aufgetaut werden. When the internal combustion engine is started up, the urea solution 4 is completely in the storage containers 6 and 14 . At an outdoor temperature below the freezing point of the aqueous urea solution 4 can cause the freezing of the urea aqueous solution 4, in particular during long periods in spite of the thermal insulation 7 of the Vorratsbe hälters. 6 In such an operating case can now either after starting the internal combustion engine or even before starting the internal combustion engine by means of an electrical heating 38 , which supplies a heat exchanger 40 with heat, a small starting volume 4 'of urea solution 4 in the intermediate container serving as an intermediate container 14 thawed.
Diese aufgetaute Harnstofflösung 4 wird dann mittels der Pum pe über das Filter 16 und das Rückspül-Ventil 20 (in Funktion 32) zur Austrittsöffnung 22 befördert. Dort wird die wäßrige Harnstofflösung 4 feinverdüst in das Abgas 5, das in der Ab gasleitung 42 des Verbrennungsmotors strömt, eingebracht. Da mit die Harnstofflösung 4 auf dem Weg zur Austrittsöffnung 22 nicht in der Harnstoffzuführungsleitung 12 einfriert, kann zusätzlich eine Heizung für die Harnstoffzuführungsleitung 12 vorgesehen sein, die durch die strichpunktierten Linien 44, 46 parallel zur Harnstoffzuführungsleitung 12 angedeutet ist. Hierbei kann die Wärmeenergie elektrisch oder auch über das Kühlmittel des Verbrennungsmotors herangeführt werden. So ist es vorstellbar, daß die Harnstoffzuführungsleitung 12 wie ei ne Koaxialleitung aufgebaut ist, in der in der zentralen Ader die Harnstofflösung 4 strömt und in dem äußeren Mantel das Kühlmittel.This thawed urea solution 4 is then conveyed to the outlet opening 22 by means of the pump via the filter 16 and the backwash valve 20 (in function 32 ). There, the aqueous urea solution 4 is finely sprayed into the exhaust gas 5 , which flows in the gas line 42 from the internal combustion engine. With the urea solution 4 da does not freeze on the way to the outlet opening 22 into the urea supply pipe 12, may be provided for the urea supply pipe 12 an additional heater, which is indicated by the dash-dot lines 44 46 parallel to the urea supply pipe 12th The thermal energy can be supplied electrically or via the coolant of the internal combustion engine. So it is conceivable that the urea supply line 12 is constructed as a coaxial line, in which the urea solution 4 flows in the central core and the coolant in the outer jacket.
Mit zunehmender Betriebsdauer des Verbrennungsmotors erwärmt sich das Kühlmittel. Dieses kann beispielsweise in den Wärme tauscher 10 strömen und auf diese Weise das Auftauen der überwiegenden Harnstofflösungsmenge im Vorratsbehälter 6 be wirken. Der Vorratsbehälter 6 weist zusätzlich einen Tempera tursensor 47, beispielsweise ein Thermoelement, auf, mit des sen Temperatursignal ein einstellbares Ventil 48 angesteuert werden kann, das die Durchflußmenge des Kühlmittels im Wärme tauscher 10 einstellt. Die von dem Wärmetauscher 10 auf die Harnstofflösung 4 übertragene Wärmemenge wird also mittels des einstellbaren Ventils 48 durch eine Einstellung der Kühl mittelrate reguliert. Auf diese Weise ist eine Thermostati sierung der im Vorratsbehälter 6 befindlichen Harnstofflösung 4 möglich. Durch diese Thermostatisierung wird als positiver Nebeneffekt eine Steigerung der Dosiergenauigkeit von übli cherweise volumetrisch arbeitenden Dosiereinrichtungen er zielt. Weiter wird ein Überhitzen der Harnstofflösung 4 so wohl im Vorratsbehälter 6 als auch im Vorratsbehälter 14 ver mieden, was ansonsten bereits in den Vorratsbehältern 6 und 14 zu einer Hydrolyse der Harnstofflösung zu Ammoniak führen würde. Diese Hydrolyse ist aber unerwünscht.The coolant heats up as the operating time of the internal combustion engine increases. This can flow, for example, in the heat exchanger 10 and in this way act on the thawing of the predominant amount of urea solution in the storage container 6 be. The reservoir 6 additionally has a temperature sensor 47 , for example a thermocouple, with which an adjustable valve 48 can be controlled with the sen temperature signal, which adjusts the flow rate of the coolant in the heat exchanger 10 . The amount of heat transferred from the heat exchanger 10 to the urea solution 4 is thus regulated by means of the adjustable valve 48 by adjusting the cooling medium rate. In this way, a thermostatting of the urea solution 4 located in the reservoir 6 is possible. This thermostat is a positive side effect of increasing the metering accuracy of usually volumetric metering devices. Furthermore, overheating of the urea solution 4 is avoided in the storage container 6 as well as in the storage container 14 , which would otherwise already lead to hydrolysis of the urea solution to ammonia in the storage containers 6 and 14 . This hydrolysis is undesirable.
Während des Betriebes des Verbrennungsmotors wird der Druck luftbehälter 28 mit Druckluft 29 aufgeladen. Der hier nicht weiter beschriebene Bordcomputer steuert die pro Zeiteinheit in das Abgas 6 eingebrachte Menge der Harnstofflösung 4 ent sprechend der im Abgas 6 enthaltenen Stickoxidrate.During the operation of the internal combustion engine, the compressed air tank 28 is charged with compressed air 29 . The on-board computer not further described controls the amount of urea solution 4 introduced into the exhaust gas 6 per unit of time, corresponding to the nitrogen oxide rate contained in the exhaust gas 6 .
Im Anschluß an den Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors ist es ins besondere bei Außentemperaturen unterhalb des Gefrierpunktes der wäßrigen Harnstofflösung 4 zur Vermeidung von Frostschä den vorgesehen, die Harnstofflösung 4 aus den frostgefährde ten Teilen der Einrichtung 2 zu entfernen. Diese Teile sind insbesondere das Filter 16, die Pumpe 18, das Rückspül-Ventil 20, die Düse 24 sowie die gesamte Harnstoffzuführungsleitung 12. Hierzu wird nun zunächst die Funktion 34 und dann die Funktion 36 des Rückspül-Ventils 20 ausgeübt. Es könnte eben sogut auch umgekehrt verfahren werden.Following the operation of the internal combustion engine, it is provided in particular at outside temperatures below the freezing point of the aqueous urea solution 4 to avoid frost damage to remove the urea solution 4 from the frost-prone parts of the device 2 . These parts are in particular the filter 16 , the pump 18 , the backwash valve 20 , the nozzle 24 and the entire urea supply line 12 . For this purpose, the function 34 and then the function 36 of the backwash valve 20 are now carried out. It could just as well be reversed.
Mittels der Funktion 34 wird die noch in der Harnstoffzufüh rungsleitung 12 zwischen dem Rückspül-Ventil 20 und der Düse 24 in der Harnstoffzuführungsleitung 12 befindliche Harnstoff lösung 4 in die Abgasleitung 42 ausgeblasen. Weil dieses Stück Harnstoffzuführungsleitung 12 im Vergleich zur Gesamtlänge der Harnstoffzuführungsleitung 12 besonders kurz ausgeführt ist, wird auch nur eine geringe Menge Harnstofflösung 4 in die nun nicht mehr vom Abgas 6 durchströmte Abgasleitung 42 eingelei tet. Die ausgetragene Harnstofflösung 4 kann beispielsweise an den heißen Wänden der Abgasleitung 42 verdampfen. Der bei der Hydrolyse (Verdampfung) entstehende Ammoniak wird in dem der Düse 24 in der Abgasleitung 42 nachgeschalteten und hier nicht weiter dargestellten Katalysator adsorbiert.By means of the function 34, the approximate line in the Harnstoffzufüh 12 is located in the urea solution 24 Urea feed line 12 between the back-flush valve 20 and the nozzle 4 is blown into the exhaust pipe 42nd Because this piece of urea supply line 12 is designed to be particularly short compared to the overall length of the urea supply pipe 12, only a small amount of urea solution 4 is in the no longer flowed through the exhaust 6 exhaust pipe 42 eingelei tet. The discharged urea solution 4 can evaporate, for example, on the hot walls of the exhaust line 42 . The ammonia formed during the hydrolysis (evaporation) is adsorbed in the catalyst downstream of the nozzle 24 in the exhaust gas line 42 and not shown here.
Mittels der Funktion 36 des Rückspül-Ventils 20 wird daran anschließend die gesamte übrige Harnstoffzuführungsleitung 12 sowie die darin angeordnete Pumpe 18 und das darin angeordne te Filter 16 mit der Druckluft harnstofffrei gespült. Es ist hier vorgesehen, daß die Größe des als Zwischenbehälter die nenden Vorratsbehälters 14 so gewählt ist, daß das Volumen zur Aufnahme der rückgespülten Harnstofflösung 4 inklusive eines mit Luft gefüllten Dehnungsvolumens ausreicht. Diese rückgespülte Harnstofflösung 4 wird dann bei erneuter Wieder inbetriebnahme des Verbrennungsmotors als gegebenenfalls mit nur geringer elektrische Heizleistung auftaubares Startvolu men verwendet.By means of the function 36 of the backwash valve 20 , the entire remaining urea supply line 12 as well as the pump 18 arranged therein and the filter 16 arranged therein are then flushed urea-free with the compressed air. It is provided here that the size of the intermediate storage tank 14 is selected so that the volume is sufficient to accommodate the backwashed urea solution 4 including an expansion volume filled with air. This backwashed urea solution 4 is then used when the internal combustion engine is started up again as a start volume which can be thawed, if appropriate, with only low electrical heating power.
In nicht weiter dargestellter Weise kann an den Vorratsbehäl ter 6 und gegebenenfalls auch an den Vorratsbehälter 14 eine Entlüftungs-/Druckentlastungsleitung, die in die Abgasleitung 42 in Strömungsrichtung des Abgases 5 vor dem hier nicht wei ter dargestellten Katalysator zur Stickoxidminderung mündet, angeschlossen werden, wie dies beispielsweise auch aus der EP 0 577 853 A1 bekannt ist.In a manner not shown, a vent / pressure relief line, which opens into the exhaust line 42 in the flow direction of the exhaust gas 5 in front of the catalyst for nitrogen oxide reduction not shown here, can be connected to the storage container 6 and optionally also to the storage container 14 , such as this is also known, for example, from EP 0 577 853 A1.
Die vorstehend beschriebene Einrichtung 2 gewährleistet somit jederzeit, daß unabhängig von den Außentemperatur während des Betriebes des Verbrennungsmotors immer die zur katalytischen Umsetzung der Stickoxide erforderliche Harnstoffmenge bereit gestellt werden kann. Sie gewährleistet ebenso, daß die ge samte Einrichtung 2 vor Frostschäden bei Außentemperaturen unterhalb des Gefrierpunkts der Harnstofflösung 4 geschützt ist.The device 2 described above thus ensures at all times that regardless of the outside temperature during operation of the internal combustion engine, the amount of urea required for the catalytic conversion of the nitrogen oxides can always be provided. It also ensures that the entire device 2 is protected from frost damage at outside temperatures below the freezing point of the urea solution 4 .
Die in der Figur beschriebene Einrichtung kann ebensogut auch in Anlagen der chemischen Industrie, in der Flüssigkeiten durch Freileitungen geführt werden, verwendet werden.The device described in the figure may as well in plants in the chemical industry, in liquids routed through overhead lines.
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (9)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4432577A DE4432577A1 (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1994-09-13 | Assembly for introduction of liq. into selective catalytic redn. assembly |
DE59507350T DE59507350D1 (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-12 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INPUTING LIQUID IN AN EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION DEVICE |
CA002199737A CA2199737C (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-12 | Method and device for introducing a fluid into an exhaust-gas purificat ion system |
EP95930394A EP0839264B1 (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-12 | Process and device for introducing a fluid into an exhaust gas purification system |
ES95930394T ES2140700T3 (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-12 | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR INTRODUCING LIQUID IN AN EXHAUST GAS DEPURATION DEVICE. |
JP8509815A JP3022601B2 (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-12 | Method and apparatus for supplying liquid to an exhaust gas purification device |
AT95930394T ATE187226T1 (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-12 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR INTRODUCING LIQUID INTO AN EXHAUST GAS PURIFICATION DEVICE |
PCT/DE1995/001248 WO1996008639A1 (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-09-12 | Process and device for introducing a fluid into an exhaust gas purification system |
US08/816,365 US5884475A (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1997-03-13 | Method and device for introducing liquid into an exhaust-gas purification system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE4432577A DE4432577A1 (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1994-09-13 | Assembly for introduction of liq. into selective catalytic redn. assembly |
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DE4432577A1 true DE4432577A1 (en) | 1996-03-14 |
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DE4432577A Withdrawn DE4432577A1 (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1994-09-13 | Assembly for introduction of liq. into selective catalytic redn. assembly |
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