DE4416247A1 - Dye-stabilised photovoltaic cell module - Google Patents
Dye-stabilised photovoltaic cell moduleInfo
- Publication number
- DE4416247A1 DE4416247A1 DE4416247A DE4416247A DE4416247A1 DE 4416247 A1 DE4416247 A1 DE 4416247A1 DE 4416247 A DE4416247 A DE 4416247A DE 4416247 A DE4416247 A DE 4416247A DE 4416247 A1 DE4416247 A1 DE 4416247A1
- Authority
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- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- porous
- electrodes
- dye
- counter
- photo
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920000767 polyaniline Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2068—Panels or arrays of photoelectrochemical cells, e.g. photovoltaic modules based on photoelectrochemical cells
- H01G9/2081—Serial interconnection of cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2022—Light-sensitive devices characterized by he counter electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/20—Light-sensitive devices
- H01G9/2027—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode
- H01G9/2031—Light-sensitive devices comprising an oxide semiconductor electrode comprising titanium oxide, e.g. TiO2
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/542—Dye sensitized solar cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft monolithische, serienverschaltete, farbstoffsensibilisierte photovoltaische Module, die aus farbstoffsensibilisierten nanoporösen Halbleiterelektroden als Photoelektroden auf elektrisch leitendem, durchsichtigem Substrat, einem Elektronen übertragenden Elektrolyten und Gegenelektroden bestehen. Photovoltaische Einzelzellen dieser Art sind bereits beschrieben worden (Journal of the American Chemical Society, Band 115, Jahrgang 1993, Seiten 6382-6390). Danach wird Zinnoxid beschichtetes Glas als elektrisch leitendes, durchsichtiges Substrat mit einer porösen Halbleiterschicht aus nanokristallinem Titandioxid als Photoelektrode versehen und durch Adsorption eines Farbstoffes für sichtbares Licht sensibilisiert. Der durch Lichtabsorption angeregte Farbstoff injiziert Elektronen in das Titandioxid, die über das leitende Substrat in den äußeren Stromkreis gelangen und dort elektrische Arbeit leisten können. Der oxidierte Farbstoff wird durch einen Elektronen übertragenden Elektrolyten reduziert, der die Poren der Photoelektrode und den Zwischenraum bis zur Gegenelektrode ausfüllt. Die Gegenelektrode besteht meist ebenfalls aus Zinnoxid beschichtetem Glas, das mit Platin katalytisch aktiviert ist, um die aus dem äußeren Stromkreis ankommenden Elektronen auf den Elektrolyten zurück zu übertragen.The invention relates to monolithic, series-connected, dye-sensitized photovoltaic modules made from dye-sensitized nanoporous semiconductor electrodes as photo electrodes on electrically conductive, transparent substrate, an electron transfer electrolyte and There are counter electrodes. Single photovoltaic cells of this type already exist (Journal of the American Chemical Society, Volume 115, Year 1993, pages 6382-6390). Thereafter, tin oxide coated glass as an electrically conductive, transparent substrate with a porous Semiconductor layer made of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide provided as a photoelectrode and sensitized to visible light by adsorption of a dye. Of the dye excited by light absorption injects electrons into the Titanium dioxide, which enter the external circuit via the conductive substrate and can do electrical work there. The oxidized dye is through an electron-transferring electrolyte that reduces the pores of the Fills the photoelectrode and the space up to the counter electrode. The The counter electrode usually also consists of glass coated with tin oxide with platinum is activated catalytically from the outer circuit transfer incoming electrons back to the electrolyte.
Die Herstellung großflächiger Zellen ist bisher mit Schwierigkeiten verbunden, da der Abstand zwischen Photo- und Gegenelektrode aufgrund von Unebenheiten der separaten Substrate schnell zu groß wird (< 20 µm), so daß Ohmsche Verluste und sogar Diffusionsbegrenzung des Photostromes in der Elektrolytschicht auftreten. Zudem reicht die Leitfähigkeit des Substrates nicht aus um die von großflächigen Zellen erzeugten Photoströme abzuleiten. Als Lösung bietet sich die von amorphen Siliziumzellen her bekannte Serienschaltung von streifenförmigen Einzelzellen zu Modulen an, bei der die Gegenelektrode einer Zelle mit der Photoelektrode der nächsten Zelle elektrisch verbunden ist (Solar Energy, Band 23, Jahrgang 1979, Seiten 145-147). Bei dem gegenwärtigen Aufbau der farbstoffsensibilisierten photovoltaischen Zelle würde dies jedoch eine elektrisch leitende Brücke erfordern, die vom leitenden Substrat durch den Elektrolyten zum anderen Substrat reicht. Abgesehen von Materialproblemen in Gegenwart des korrosiven Elektrolyten ist die Herstellung linienförmiger Kontakte zwischen den aufeinanderliegenden Substraten bei Temperaturen die nicht zur Zerstörung des Farbstoffes führen schwer zu verwirklichen.The production of large-area cells has so far been difficult connected because the distance between the photo and counter electrodes due to Unevenness of the separate substrates quickly becomes too large (<20 µm), so that Ohmic losses and even diffusion limitation of the photocurrent in the Electrolyte layer occur. In addition, the conductivity of the substrate is not sufficient to derive the photocurrents generated by large-area cells. When The solution is the one known from amorphous silicon cells Series connection of strip-shaped individual cells to modules in which the Counter electrode of one cell with the photoelectrode of the next cell electrical is connected (Solar Energy, volume 23, year 1979, pages 145-147). At the current structure of the dye-sensitized photovoltaic cell however, this would require an electrically conductive bridge from the conductive Substrate through the electrolyte to the other substrate. Apart from Material problems in the presence of the corrosive electrolyte is the manufacture linear contacts between the superimposed substrates Temperatures that do not destroy the dye lead to difficult realize.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, den Abstand von Photo- und Gegenelektrode auch bei großflächigen Zellen klein zu halten und mehrere Zellen zu einem photovoltaischen Modul in Serie zu verschalten.The invention has for its object the distance from photo and To keep the counterelectrode small even with large cells and several Connect cells to a photovoltaic module in series.
Nach der Erfindung wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß mehrere Photoelektroden auf demselben Substrat in parallelen Streifen angeordnet sind und, eventuell getrennt durch eine poröse Isolatorschicht, mit porösen Gegenelektroden so beschichtet sind, daß diese das leitende Substrat der nächsten Photoelektrode kontaktieren. Der Farbstoff läßt sich anschließend durch die porösen Gegenelektroden hindurch auf den Photoelektroden adsorbieren. Die Poren der Beschichtungen werden schließlich mit Elektrolyt gefüllt und das Modul mit einer Deckschicht versiegelt. Diese Anordnung ist weiter unten anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.According to the invention, this object is achieved in that several Photoelectrodes are arranged on the same substrate in parallel strips and, possibly separated by a porous insulator layer, with porous Counter electrodes are coated so that they are the conductive substrate of the contact the next photoelectrode. The dye can then be through the porous counter electrodes on the photo electrodes adsorb. The pores of the coatings are finally covered with electrolyte filled and the module sealed with a top layer. This arrangement is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.
Die poröse Isolatorschicht besteht vorzugsweise aus einem feinkörnigen Glas- oder Keramikpulver.The porous insulator layer preferably consists of a fine-grained glass or ceramic powder.
Für die poröse Gegenelektrode eignen sich insbesondere Metallpulver, elektrisch leitende Keramikpulver, Kohlenstoffpulver oder Kohlenstoffilz, sowie elektrisch leitend Polymere. Die poröse Oberfläche der Gegenelektrode kann durch Abscheidung eines Platinmetalls katalytisch aktiviert werden.Metal powders are particularly suitable for the porous counterelectrode, electrically conductive ceramic powder, carbon powder or carbon felt, as well electrically conductive polymers. The porous surface of the counter electrode can can be activated catalytically by depositing a platinum metal.
Vorzugsweise werden benachbarte Gegenelektroden durch einen nichtporösen Isolator, der mit der Deckschicht identisch sein kann, voneinander isoliert.Adjacent counter electrodes are preferably replaced by a non-porous insulator, which can be identical to the top layer, from each other isolated.
Die porösen Schichten werden zweckmäßigerweise durch Siebdruck aufgetragen. Die porösen Schichten können auch zunächst ganzflächig aufgetragen und erst nachträglich in parallele Streifen unterteilt werden.The porous layers are expediently by screen printing applied. The porous layers can also initially cover the entire surface applied and only subsequently divided into parallel strips.
Die Erfindung weist folgende Vorteile auf: Photo- und Gegenelektroden sind übereinander auf demselben Substrat angeordnet, so daß ihr Abstand unabhän gig von Unebenheiten des Substrates minimal bleibt. Der Elektrolyt bildet keine zusätzliche Schicht, sondern ist in den porösen Schichten fixiert. Die Gegenelektrode hat aufgrund ihrer porösen Beschaffenheit eine vergrößerte Oberfläche, was ihre Aktivität für den Elektronenaustausch mit dem Elektrolyten erhöht. Die Serienschaltung mehrerer Zellen ergibt sich durch ein fache Überlappung der Gegenelektroden mit dem leitenden Substrat der jeweils anschließenden Photoelektrode. Sämtlich elektrischen Verbindungen sind ausgebildet bevor der gegenüber Hitze und Feuchtigkeit empfindliche Farbstoff und Elektrolyt aufgetragen werden. Die Deckschicht dient nur zur Versiegelung und elektrischen Isolierung, hat aber keine stromleitende Funktion.The invention has the following advantages: Photo and counter electrodes are arranged one above the other on the same substrate so that their distance is independent gig of bumps in the substrate remains minimal. The electrolyte does not form additional layer, but is fixed in the porous layers. The Counter electrode has an enlarged due to its porous nature Surface what their activity for electron exchange with the Electrolytes increased. The series connection of several cells results from a fold overlap of the counter electrodes with the conductive substrate of each subsequent photoelectrode. All electrical connections are formed before the dye is sensitive to heat and moisture and electrolyte are applied. The top layer is only used for sealing and electrical insulation, but has no current-carrying function.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is described in more detail below.
Die Abbildung zeigt einen - nicht maßstäblichen - Querschnitt des photovoltaischen Modules. Die transparente, leitfähige Beschichtung 2 (z. B. Fluor dotiertes Zinnoxid, Zinn dotiertes Indiumoxid) auf dem isolierenden Substrat 1 (z. B. Glas, Kunststoff) wird in parallelen Linien 3 in gewünschtem Abstand entfernt (z. B. mechanisch, durch Ätzen oder mit einem Laserstrahl) um die Fläche jeder Einzelzelle zu definieren.The figure shows a - not to scale - cross section of the photovoltaic module. The transparent, conductive coating 2 (e.g. fluorine-doped tin oxide, tin-doped indium oxide) on the insulating substrate 1 (e.g. glass, plastic) is removed in parallel lines 3 at the desired distance (e.g. mechanically) Etching or using a laser beam) to define the area of each individual cell.
Eine Dispersion von nanokristallinem Halbleiterpulver (z. B. Titandioxid) wird (etwa 10 µm dick, z. B. mittels Siebdruck durch eine geeignete Maske) als Photoelektroden 4 so aufgetragen, daß diese etwas über die eine Kante der leitenden Beschichtungen 2 hinausragen, die andere Kante aber unbedeckt lassen. Die Photoelektroden 4 können auch zunächst ganzflächig aufgetragen und anschließend (z. B. mechanisch, durch Ätzen oder mit einem Laserstrahl) in parallele Streifen unterteilt werden.A dispersion of nanocrystalline semiconductor powder (z. B. Titanium dioxide) is applied (about 10 microns thick, z. B. by screen printing through a suitable mask) as photoelectrodes 4 so that they protrude slightly beyond one edge of the conductive coatings 2 , the leave other edge uncovered. The photoelectrodes 4 can also first be applied over the entire surface and then (for example mechanically, by etching or with a laser beam) divided into parallel strips.
Eventuell werden die Photoelektroden 4 mit einer Dispersion von feinkörnigem Glas- oder Keramikpulver (z. B. Aluminiumoxid, Siliziumdioxid) als poröser Isolatorschicht 5 überdeckt (etwa 1 µm dick, z. B. durch Siebdruck), um Kurzschlüsse zu vermeiden, falls das Material der Gegenelektroden 6 einen Ohmschen Kontakt mit den Photoelektroden 4 bildet.The photoelectrodes 4 may be covered with a dispersion of fine-grained glass or ceramic powder (e.g. aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide) as a porous insulator layer 5 (about 1 μm thick, e.g. by screen printing) in order to avoid short circuits if the material the counterelectrodes 6 forms an ohmic contact with the photoelectrodes 4 .
Ein Metallpulver (z. B. ein Platinmetall, Titan, Wolfram, Molybdän, Chrom), elektrisch leitendes Keramikpulver (z. B. Fluor dotiertes Zinnoxid, Zinn dotiertes Indiumoxid), Kohlenstoffpulver oder Kohlenstoffilz, oder ein elektrisch leitendes Polymer (z. B. Polyanilin, Polypyrrol, Polythiophen) eventuell versehen mit einem katalytischen Belag eines Platinmetalles, wird als Gegenelektrode 6 (wenige µm dick) so aufgetragen, daß sie die Photoelektroden 4 und die unbeschichtete Kante der leitenden Beschichtung 2 unter der jeweils nächsten Photoelektrode 4 überdecken. Hierdurch werden die parallel angeordneten Einzelzellen elektrisch zu einem Modul serienverschaltet.A metal powder (e.g. a platinum metal, titanium, tungsten, molybdenum, chrome), electrically conductive ceramic powder (e.g. fluorine-doped tin oxide, tin-doped indium oxide), carbon powder or carbon felt, or an electrically conductive polymer (e.g. Polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene), possibly provided with a catalytic coating of a platinum metal, is applied as counterelectrode 6 (a few μm thick) in such a way that it covers the photoelectrodes 4 and the uncoated edge of the conductive coating 2 under the next photoelectrode 4 . As a result, the individual cells arranged in parallel are electrically connected in series to form a module.
Die Lücken 7 zwischen den Gegenelektroden 6 können sowohl mittels Siebdruck durch eine entsprechende Maske als auch durch nachträgliches Entfernen (z. B. mechanisch, durch Ätzen oder mit einem Laserstrahl) geschaffen werden. Die Lücken 7 sollten mit einem nichtporösen Isolator (z. B. Silikonkautschuk, Glaslot, ein organisches Polymer), der mit der Deckschicht 8 identisch sein kann, ausgefüllt werden, um Querströme durch den Elektrolyten zwischen dem Gegenelektroden 6 zu vermeiden.The gaps 7 between the counter electrodes 6 can be created both by means of screen printing through an appropriate mask and by subsequent removal (for example mechanically, by etching or with a laser beam). The gaps 7 should be filled with a non-porous insulator (e.g. silicone rubber, glass solder, an organic polymer), which can be identical to the cover layer 8 , in order to avoid cross currents through the electrolyte between the counter electrodes 6 .
Die Schichten 4-6 können zu einem beliebigen Zeitpunkt gefeuert werden um unerwünschte Hilfsmittel (z. B. Lösungsmittel) zu entfernen und die elektrischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften durch Sintern zu verbessern. Layers 4-6 can be fired at any time to remove unwanted aids (e.g. solvents) and to improve the electrical and mechanical properties by sintering.
Das beschichtete Substrat 1 wird in eine Farbstofflösung getaucht um die Photoelektroden 3 zu sensibilisieren. Nach dem Trocknen werden die Poren der Schichten 4-6 mit Elektrolyt gefüllt. Das Modul wird durch eine Deckschicht 8 (z. B. Glas, Kunststoff, anodisiertes Aluminium, Lack oder einen anderen Isolator) sowie an den Rändern abgedichtet. Das Modul wird an der ersten Gegenelektrode 9 und der letzten Photoelektrode 10 der Serienschaltung elektrisch kontaktiert.The coated substrate 1 is immersed in a dye solution in order to sensitize the photoelectrodes 3 . After drying, the pores of layers 4-6 are filled with electrolyte. The module is sealed by a cover layer 8 (e.g. glass, plastic, anodized aluminum, paint or another insulator) and at the edges. The module is electrically contacted at the first counter electrode 9 and the last photoelectrode 10 of the series circuit.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE4416247A DE4416247A1 (en) | 1994-05-07 | 1994-05-07 | Dye-stabilised photovoltaic cell module |
DE19540712A DE19540712A1 (en) | 1994-05-07 | 1995-11-02 | Monolithic, series-connected photovoltaic modules and processes for their production |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE4416247A DE4416247A1 (en) | 1994-05-07 | 1994-05-07 | Dye-stabilised photovoltaic cell module |
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DE4416247A1 true DE4416247A1 (en) | 1995-11-09 |
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DE4416247A Withdrawn DE4416247A1 (en) | 1994-05-07 | 1994-05-07 | Dye-stabilised photovoltaic cell module |
DE19540712A Withdrawn DE19540712A1 (en) | 1994-05-07 | 1995-11-02 | Monolithic, series-connected photovoltaic modules and processes for their production |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DE19540712A Withdrawn DE19540712A1 (en) | 1994-05-07 | 1995-11-02 | Monolithic, series-connected photovoltaic modules and processes for their production |
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Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1998005084A1 (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-02-05 | The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited | Photoelectrochemical cell |
EP0855726A1 (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 1998-07-29 | Leclanché S.A. | Solar cell and process of making same |
EP0859386A1 (en) | 1997-02-17 | 1998-08-19 | Monsanto Company | Photovoltaic cell |
WO2000057441A1 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2000-09-28 | Sustainable Technologies International Pty Ltd | Methods to implement interconnects in multi-cell regenerative photovoltaic photoelectrochemical devices |
AU761370B2 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2003-06-05 | Dyesol Ltd | Methods to implement interconnects in multi-cell regenerative photovoltaic photoelectrochemical devices |
WO2004038745A2 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-05-06 | Degussa Ag | Dye-sensitised photovoltaic cells, method for the production of said photovoltaic cells and use thereof |
DE10348118A1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-04-28 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Vehicle bodywork in metal or plastic, has one or more solar cells attached, and covered by layer |
WO2006015431A1 (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-16 | Dyesol Ltd | Photoelectrochemical photovoltaic panel and method to manufacture thereof |
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JP2003297446A (en) * | 2002-01-29 | 2003-10-17 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | Dye-sensitized solar cell |
EP2043190B1 (en) * | 2006-07-06 | 2021-01-06 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Dye-sensitized solar cell module and method for fabricating same |
ITRM20120080A1 (en) * | 2012-03-05 | 2013-09-06 | Dyepower | PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE OF SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS WITH DYE (DSC) WITH SHAPING OR LASER CONFIGURATION OF THE ACTIVE NANOCRISTALLINE LAYER LAYER. |
-
1994
- 1994-05-07 DE DE4416247A patent/DE4416247A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-11-02 DE DE19540712A patent/DE19540712A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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WO1998005084A1 (en) * | 1996-07-26 | 1998-02-05 | The Broken Hill Proprietary Company Limited | Photoelectrochemical cell |
EP0855726A1 (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 1998-07-29 | Leclanché S.A. | Solar cell and process of making same |
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US6555741B1 (en) | 1999-03-18 | 2003-04-29 | Sustainable Technologies Australia Limited | Methods to implement interconnects in multi-cell regenerative photovoltaic photoelectrochemical devices |
AU761370B2 (en) * | 1999-03-18 | 2003-06-05 | Dyesol Ltd | Methods to implement interconnects in multi-cell regenerative photovoltaic photoelectrochemical devices |
WO2004038745A2 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-05-06 | Degussa Ag | Dye-sensitised photovoltaic cells, method for the production of said photovoltaic cells and use thereof |
WO2004038745A3 (en) * | 2002-10-23 | 2004-08-12 | Creavis Tech & Innovation Gmbh | Dye-sensitised photovoltaic cells, method for the production of said photovoltaic cells and use thereof |
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DE10348118A1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-04-28 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Vehicle bodywork in metal or plastic, has one or more solar cells attached, and covered by layer |
WO2006015431A1 (en) * | 2004-08-11 | 2006-02-16 | Dyesol Ltd | Photoelectrochemical photovoltaic panel and method to manufacture thereof |
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US8415553B2 (en) | 2004-08-11 | 2013-04-09 | Dyesol, Ltd. | Photoelectrochemical photovoltaic panel and method to manufacture thereof |
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