DE4415672A1 - Reducing exhaust emissions from internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Reducing exhaust emissions from internal combustion engine

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Publication number
DE4415672A1
DE4415672A1 DE4415672A DE4415672A DE4415672A1 DE 4415672 A1 DE4415672 A1 DE 4415672A1 DE 4415672 A DE4415672 A DE 4415672A DE 4415672 A DE4415672 A DE 4415672A DE 4415672 A1 DE4415672 A1 DE 4415672A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
capacitors
exhaust gases
cooling medium
nitrogen oxides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE4415672A
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German (de)
Inventor
Norbert Stegmann
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Publication date
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Priority to DE4415672A priority Critical patent/DE4415672A1/en
Publication of DE4415672A1 publication Critical patent/DE4415672A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
    • B01D53/922—Mixtures of carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0821—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents combined with particulate filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/14—Combinations of different methods of purification absorption or adsorption, and filtering
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
    • F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
    • F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

In a method for reducing exhaust emission from internal combustion engines, a filter (1) is followed by a unit in which N oxides are broken down in a converter (2) consisting of a sectionalised container contg. ammonia water and active C layer. O3 may alternatively be injected for the same purpose. A suction device (3) is followed by condensers (4) in which gases are rapidly cooled. Residual moisture is finally removed by a separator (5). In the first condenser (4a), gases are cooled by water, while cooled air is injected into a second condenser (4b).

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Verminderung der Abgasemissionen von Verbrennungsmotoren und auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for reducing exhaust gas emissions of internal combustion engines and on a device for performing the method.

Die Abgase von Verbrennungsmotoren (Otto-Motoren) enthalten bedingt durch eine unvollständige Verbrennung, neben Kohlendioxid und Wasser zusätzliche Schadstoffe, wie Kohlenmonoxid, teilverbrannte und verbrauchte Kohlenwasserstoffe und Oxidations­ produkte des Stickstoffes.The exhaust gases from internal combustion engines (Otto engines) contain due to a incomplete combustion, in addition to carbon dioxide and water, additional pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, partially burned and spent hydrocarbons and oxidation products of nitrogen.

Diese Schadstoffe können in der Atmosphäre mit den Photooxidationsprozeß beein­ flussen. Ihr Anteil muß gering gehalten werden.These pollutants can influence the photooxidation process in the atmosphere rivers. Their share must be kept low.

Üblicherweise werden diese Schadstoffe zum überwiegenden Teil durch katalytische Nachverbrennung konvertiert. Dazu werden bekannte Ausführungen von Dreiwegekata­ lysatoren mit Platin und/oder Rhodium verwendet, die sowohl oxidierend als auch redu­ zierend wirken. Diese Katalysatoren werden durch eine Lambda-Sonde geregelt und sollen eine Verminderung der Schadstoffe um ca. 90% ermöglichen.Typically, these pollutants are mostly catalytic Afterburning converted. Well-known versions of three-way kata lysators with platinum and / or rhodium used, which are both oxidizing and redu have a decorative effect. These catalysts are regulated and controlled by a lambda probe should enable a reduction in pollutants by approximately 90%.

Diese Wirkung wird jedoch nur bei Arbeitstemperaturen des Katalysators ab 300°C und bei einem möglichst stöchiometrischen Kraftstoff-Luftverhältnis (Lambda = 1) erreicht. Während des Anreicherns im Kaltstart, in der Warmlaufphase und bei Vollast ist die Lambda-Regelung und damit die katalytische Nachverbrennung nicht wirksam (vergl. Leyhausen: "Die Meisterprüfung im KFZ-Handwerk"- Teil 1, Vogel Buchverlag 1991).However, this effect is only at working temperatures of the catalyst from 300 ° C and with a stoichiometric fuel-air ratio (Lambda = 1) reached. During the enrichment in the cold start, in the warm-up phase and at full load the lambda control and thus the catalytic afterburning are not effective (see Leyhausen: "The master craftsman examination" - Part 1, Vogel Buchverlag 1991).

Kattge und Seffler beschreiben deshalb in "Abgasanlagen für Kraftfahrzeuge", Verlag Moderne Industrie 1990 - die zusätzliche Anwendung ungeregelter Startkatalysatoren.Kattge and Seffler therefore describe in "exhaust systems for motor vehicles", publisher Modern industry 1990 - the additional application of unregulated starting catalysts.

Bekannt ist auch die Rückführung von 3,5-5% des Abgases. Damit kann zwar die Stickoxidemission vermindert werden, allerdings steigen dabei die Kohlenwasserstoff-Emissionen an.The recycling of 3.5-5% of the exhaust gas is also known. So that can Nitrogen oxide emissions are reduced, however, the increase Hydrocarbon emissions.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, neben der Anwendung der bekannten Dreiweg­ katalysatoren, eine weitere Verminderung der Abgasemission zusätzlich zur katalytischen Nachverbrennung zu erreichen.The invention has for its object, in addition to the application of the known three-way catalysts, a further reduction in exhaust emissions in addition to catalytic To achieve afterburning.

Die Aufgabe wird durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 angege­ benen Verfahrensmerkmale unter Nutzung der im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentan­ spruches 5 angegebenen Vorrichtung gelöst.The task is indicated by the in the characterizing part of claim 1 benen procedural features using the in the characterizing part of the patent Say 5 specified device solved.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung sind den Merkmalen der Patentansprüche 2-4 und 6-8 zu entnehmen.Advantageous embodiments of the solution according to the invention are the features of Claims 2-4 and 6-8.

Die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bewirkt folgende Vorteile. Es wird eine wesentliche Verminderung der Abgasemission auch beim Kaltstart eines Kraftfahrzeuges, in der Warmlaufphase und unter Vollastbetrieb erreicht.The use of the method according to the invention has the following advantages. It will be one substantial reduction in exhaust gas emissions even when a motor vehicle is cold started, achieved in the warm-up phase and under full load operation.

Vor allem der Kohlenwasserstoff-Anteil kann gesenkt und der Stickoxid-Anteil weiter ver­ mindert werde. Zusätzlich bewirkt die Filterung eine weitgehende Bindung feiner Partikel. Die restlichen Abgase können dann ohne Bedenken erneut dem Verbrennungsvorgang zugeführt werden, da durch die Luftkühlung der Sauerstoffgehalt in den Abgasen erhöht wird.In particular, the hydrocarbon content can be reduced and the nitrogen oxide content can be further reduced will be reduced. In addition, the filtering causes extensive binding of fine particles. The remaining exhaust gases can then be used for the combustion process without hesitation be supplied, because the air cooling increases the oxygen content in the exhaust gases becomes.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden an einem Ausführungsbeispiel unter Verweisung auf die beigefügte Zeichnung näher erläutert.The invention is based on an embodiment with reference to the attached drawing explained in more detail.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der Verfahrensschritte. Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the method steps.

Die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens wird im Kraftfahrzeug nach dem üblichen Katalysatoren angeordnet. Sie kann aber auch in älteren Kraftfahrzeugen ohne Katalysator eingesetzt werden.The device for performing the method is in the motor vehicle according to the usual Catalysts arranged. However, it can also be used in older motor vehicles without a catalytic converter be used.

Zunächst werden die Abgase durch ein Filtersystem 1 geleitet, das aus einem feinporigen Filterkörper aus nichtkorrodierenden Stahl besteht. Dafür können auch Keramikfilter oder andere geeignete Filtermaterialien ggf. in Verbindung mit einem Adsorber verwendet werden.First, the exhaust gases are passed through a filter system 1 , which consists of a fine-pored filter body made of non-corroding steel. Ceramic filters or other suitable filter materials can also be used for this purpose, if necessary in conjunction with an adsorber.

Danach erfolgt im Stickoxidumsetzer 2 die Konvertierung von Stickoxiden. Der Umsetzer besteht aus einem unterteiltem Behälter, der Ammoniakwasser und eine Aktivkohleschicht enthält.The nitrogen oxides 2 are then converted in the nitrogen oxide converter. The converter consists of a divided container that contains ammonia water and an activated carbon layer.

Die Stickoxidumsetzung kann auch durch Eindüsung von Ozon aus einem Druckbehälter und nachfolgender Wäsche im Umsetzer erfolgen.The nitrogen oxide conversion can also be done by injecting ozone from a pressure vessel and subsequent washing in the converter.

Durch Zwischenschaltung einer geeigneten Kompressionsvorrichtung erfolgt ein notwen­ diger Druckausgleich.By inserting a suitable compression device, a necessary pressure equalization.

Nachfolgend werden die Abgase durch einen ersten Kondensator 4a geleitet, der mit dem Abscheider 5 verbunden ist. Im Kondensator 4a werden die Abgase durch Wasserkühlung schnell auf etwa 30°C abgekühlt. Dabei wird ein wesentlicher Teil des in den Abgasen enthaltenen Wassers abgeschieden und im Abscheider 5 gesammelt. Eine weitere Ab­ kühlung erfolgt durch die Leitung der Abgase durch einen zweiten Kondensator 4b bis auf 4°C unter Eindüsung gekühlter Luft.The exhaust gases are then passed through a first condenser 4 a, which is connected to the separator 5 . In the condenser 4 a, the exhaust gases are rapidly cooled to about 30 ° C. by water cooling. A substantial part of the water contained in the exhaust gases is separated and collected in the separator 5 . A further cooling takes place through the conduction of the exhaust gases through a second condenser 4 b to 4 ° C. while cooling air is injected.

Diese Abkühlung kann durch Verdunstungskühlung, aber auch durch Verwendung eines an sich bekannten Kältesatzes erfolgen. Die Kühlmedien in den Kondensatoren werden im Kreislauf gefahren.This cooling can be done by evaporative cooling, but also by using one known refrigeration unit. The cooling media in the condensers are in the Cycle driven.

Die entstehende Restfeuchte wird ebenfalls dem Abscheider 5 zugeführt. Der Abscheider ist so dimensioniert, daß er nach ca. 500-800 Fahrkilometer an einer Tankstelle oder ähnlichen Einrichtungen entsorgt wird. Durch die zweistufige schnelle Abkühlung der Abgase kann der HC-Anteil in den Abgasen, vor allem von aromatischen und alicyclischen Kohlenwasserstof­ fen wesentlich verringert werden.The resulting residual moisture is also fed to the separator 5 . The separator is dimensioned so that it is disposed of at a petrol station or similar facilities after approx. 500-800 kilometers. Due to the two-stage rapid cooling of the exhaust gases, the HC content in the exhaust gases, especially aromatic and alicyclic hydrocarbons, can be significantly reduced.

Durch die Luftkühlung wird der Sauerstoffgehalt der Abgase auf ca. 15% erhöht und sie werden erneut dem Verbrennungsvorgang zugeführt.Air cooling increases the oxygen content of the exhaust gases to approx. 15% and they are returned to the combustion process.

Claims (8)

1. Verfahren zur Verminderung der Abgasemission von Verbrennungsmotoren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abgase durch ein Filtersystem geführt, darin enthaltene Stickoxide umgesetzt, nach Druckausgleich in ein oder mehreren Stufen schnell abgekühlt und die restlichen Abgase erneut dem Verbrennungsvorgang zugeführt werden.1. A method for reducing the exhaust gas emission from internal combustion engines, characterized in that the exhaust gases are passed through a filter system, nitrogen oxides contained therein are converted, rapidly cooled in one or more stages after pressure compensation and the remaining exhaust gases are fed back to the combustion process. 2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Filtrierung mechanisch und/oder physikalisch erfolgt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the filtration mechanically and / or physically. 3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umsetzung der Stickoxide mit Ozon und nachfolgender Wäsche im wäßrigen Medium erfolgt.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the implementation of the Nitrogen oxides with ozone and subsequent washing in an aqueous medium. 4. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Umsetzung der Stickoxide mit Ammoniak und nachfolgender Absorption an Aktivkohle erfolgt.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the implementation of the Nitrogen oxides with ammonia and subsequent absorption on activated carbon. 5. Vorrichtung zur Verminderung der Abgasemission von Verbrennungsmotoren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie aus einem Filtersystem (1), einem Stickoxid­ umsetzer (2), einer Ansaugvorrichtung (3) und Kondensatoren (4) mit Abscheider (5) besteht.5. Device for reducing the exhaust gas emission of internal combustion engines, characterized in that it consists of a filter system ( 1 ), a nitrogen oxide converter ( 2 ), an intake device ( 3 ) and capacitors ( 4 ) with a separator ( 5 ). 6. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kondensa­ toren (4) mit Mitteln zur mechanischen Verdichtung des Kühlmediums ausge­ stattet sind.6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the capacitors gates ( 4 ) are equipped with means for mechanical compression of the cooling medium. 7. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kondensatoren mit Mitteln zur thermischen Verdichtung des Kühlmediums ausgestattet sind.7. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the capacitors are equipped with means for thermal compression of the cooling medium. 8. Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlmedium in den Kondensatoren im Kreislauf geführt wird.8. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that the cooling medium is circulated in the capacitors.
DE4415672A 1994-05-04 1994-05-04 Reducing exhaust emissions from internal combustion engine Withdrawn DE4415672A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4415672A DE4415672A1 (en) 1994-05-04 1994-05-04 Reducing exhaust emissions from internal combustion engine

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4415672A DE4415672A1 (en) 1994-05-04 1994-05-04 Reducing exhaust emissions from internal combustion engine

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DE4415672A1 true DE4415672A1 (en) 1995-11-09

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DE4415672A Withdrawn DE4415672A1 (en) 1994-05-04 1994-05-04 Reducing exhaust emissions from internal combustion engine

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2753392A1 (en) * 1996-09-18 1998-03-20 Bellini Jacques METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REMOVING DUST FROM A GAS FLOW AND IN PARTICULAR SUBMICRONIC PARTICLES
DE19912330A1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2000-09-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Exhaust system for internal combustion engines, in particular for vehicles

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2753392A1 (en) * 1996-09-18 1998-03-20 Bellini Jacques METHOD AND DEVICE FOR REMOVING DUST FROM A GAS FLOW AND IN PARTICULAR SUBMICRONIC PARTICLES
WO1998011975A1 (en) * 1996-09-18 1998-03-26 Jacques Bellini Method for eliminating dust from a gas stream
DE19912330A1 (en) * 1999-03-19 2000-09-21 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Exhaust system for internal combustion engines, in particular for vehicles

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