DE4402378C1 - Wind power installation as a vertical-axis rotor having fixed asymmetrically shaped rotor blades - Google Patents

Wind power installation as a vertical-axis rotor having fixed asymmetrically shaped rotor blades

Info

Publication number
DE4402378C1
DE4402378C1 DE4402378A DE4402378A DE4402378C1 DE 4402378 C1 DE4402378 C1 DE 4402378C1 DE 4402378 A DE4402378 A DE 4402378A DE 4402378 A DE4402378 A DE 4402378A DE 4402378 C1 DE4402378 C1 DE 4402378C1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
rotor
rotor blades
axis
fixed
vertical
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE4402378A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Adrian Mueller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Malchow Maschbau GmbH
Original Assignee
Malchow Maschbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Malchow Maschbau GmbH filed Critical Malchow Maschbau GmbH
Priority to DE4402378A priority Critical patent/DE4402378C1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE4402378C1 publication Critical patent/DE4402378C1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/06—Rotors
    • F03D3/061—Rotors characterised by their aerodynamic shape, e.g. aerofoil profiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/30—Lightning protection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/214—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Musgrove or "H"-type
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

Asymmetrically profiled vanes (air files, tails) have substantially higher drag-to-lift ratios (inverse aerodynamic efficiencies) than symmetrically profiled vanes. The drag-to-lift ratio is a value which expresses the aerodynamic efficiency. It represents the ratio of the drive coefficient ca to the drag coefficient (drag factor) cw. The more favourable ratio by comparison with symmetrical profiles occurs in the case of positive angles of incidence (angles of attack). For this reason, it is the object of the invention to develop a vertical- axis rotor having fixed, asymmetrically shaped rotor blades which achieves the same power coefficient cp as horizontal-axis rotors. This object is achieved according to the invention when n rotor blades (3) having an asymmetrically curved (cambered) profile, preferably three, are arranged on a support assembly (2) in such a way that the profile has a curvature opposing the curvature of the circle of revolution, and when there is arranged on the central axis of the support structure (2) of the rotor blades (3) a central strut (4) which projects beyond the height of the tip of the rotor blade and is electrically conductive. The wind power installation as a vertical-axis rotor having fixed rotor blades and asymmetrically curved profiles is suitable for converting wind energy in the case of stationary (fixed) and mobile power supply installations. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Windkraftanlage als Vertikalachsenrotor mit feststehenden, profilartig geformten Rotorblättern, deren Profile asymmetrisch ausgeformt sind. Sie dient der Umsetzung der Windenergie für stationäre und mobile Stromversorgungseinrichtungen, insbesondere von Einfamilienhäusern und ähnlichen Energieverbrauchern.The invention relates to a wind turbine as a vertical axis rotor with fixed, profile-like shaped rotor blades, whose profiles are asymmetrical. she serves the implementation of wind energy for stationary and mobile Power supply facilities, especially of single-family houses and similar energy consumers.

Es ist bekannt, Vertikalachsenrotoren (Darrieusrotoren) mit symmetrisch profilierten Rotorblättern auszustatten. Dieses gilt als funktionsbedingt, weil die Rotorblätter sowohl auf der Luv- als auch auf der Leeseite des Rotors zur Energieumwandlung beitragen. Der Leistungsbeiwert cp ist geringer als bei Horizontalachsenrotoren.It is known to equip vertical axis rotors (Darrieus rotors) with symmetrically profiled rotor blades. This is considered functional, because the rotor blades contribute to energy conversion on both the windward and the leeward side of the rotor. The power factor c p is lower than with horizontal axis rotors.

Nach DE-OS 28 16 026 ist eine Windkraftmaschine mit vertikaler Achse bekannt, bei der Rotorblätter mit gewölbtem Profil in Rotorkreisrichtung gekrümmt, also mit negativen Anstellwinkel an der Luvseite angeordnet sind.According to DE-OS 28 16 026 is a wind turbine with vertical axis known, in the case of rotor blades with curved Profile curved in the direction of the rotor circle, i.e. with negative Angle of attack are arranged on the windward side.

Weiter ist in DE-OS 34 20 374 A1 eine Windturbine beschrieben, bei der an den freien Enden der Rotorarme Windfangblätter angeordnet sind, die schlank tragflügelprofilartig ausgebildet und insgesamt in einer Krümmung gebogen sind, die der Krümmung des Umlaufkreises der Windfangblätter entspricht. Gewölbte Profile, bei denen die Wölbung in Richtung der Krümmung des Unlaufkreises der Rotorblätter erfolgt, haben zwar einen geringeren Widerstand, sie sind jedoch bei diesen Ausführungen in Frage zu stellen, weil die Anströmrichtung der Rotorblätter nicht der Umlaufrichtung entspricht. Durch die in Umlaufrichtung gewölbten Blätter tritt eine Auftriebserhöhung an der verwirbelten Leeseite ein, die jedoch nicht sinnvoll ist, weil die Rotorblätter an der Vorderseite (Luvseite) des Rotors ungünstiger angeströmt wird (ähnlich einem Segelflugzeug im Rückenflug).Furthermore, a wind turbine is described in DE-OS 34 20 374 A1, with the windscreen blades arranged at the free ends of the rotor arms are slim and aerofoil-shaped are bent in total in a curvature which corresponds to the curvature of the Circulation circle of the windscreen blades corresponds. Arched profiles, where the curvature in the direction of the curvature of the running circle the rotor blades do have a lower resistance, however, they are questionable in this discussion because the direction of flow of the rotor blades is not the Direction of rotation corresponds. Through the curved in the direction of rotation An increased buoyancy occurs on the swirled leaves A leeward side, which is not useful because of the rotor blades less favorable on the front (windward side) of the rotor the flow is similar (similar to a glider in inverted flight).

Gegenstand der Erfindung nach DD-WP 232 959 A1 ist ein Windkraftrotor, der aerodynamisch hochwirksame unsymmetrische druckpunktfeste Profile einsetzt, die untereinander automatisch oder zwangsläufig in jedem Moment der Rotierung verschiedene Anstellwinkel haben und deren Luftkräfte sich laufend so verändern, daß eine Drehrichtung eingehalten wird. Der Windkraftrotor ist zwar unabhängig von der Windanströmrichtung, hat aber den Nachteil, daß eine ständige Verstellung der Profile mit aufwendiger Verstelleinrichtung erforderlich ist. Die negativen Anströmwinkel der Profile an der Luvseite des Rotors haben weiter eine Verschlechterung des Wirkungsgrades zur Folge.The subject of the invention according to DD-WP 232 959 A1 is a wind power rotor, the aerodynamically highly effective asymmetrical pressure-point-fixed profiles that automatically work with each other or inevitably different at every moment of rotation Have angles of attack and their air forces constantly so change that a direction of rotation is maintained. Of the Wind power rotor is independent of the direction of wind flow, but has the disadvantage that a constant adjustment of the profiles with expensive adjustment device is required. The negative ones Have the inflow angle of the profiles on the windward side of the rotor further deterioration in efficiency.

Eine ähnlich aufwendige Verstellung bei Windenergiekonvertern mit einem Rotor mit senkrechter Drehachse und mit senkrechtem Vortriebsflügeln ist in DE-PS 35 12 420 C1 vorgeschlagen worden. Die ebenfalls in Rotorkreisrichtung gekrümmten und an der Luvseite negativ angeströmten Profile haben einen ungünstigen Wirkungsgrad bei höherem Aufwand für den Verstellmechanismus. A similarly complex adjustment in wind energy converters with a rotor with a vertical axis of rotation and with a vertical one Propulsion blades have been proposed in DE-PS 35 12 420 C1. The also curved in the direction of the rotor circle and on the Downstream windward profiles have an unfavorable Efficiency with higher effort for the adjustment mechanism.  

Die Erfindung will Abhilfe schaffen, indem sie feststehende, asymmetrische Rotorblätter einsetzt und somit eine Steigerung des Gesamtwirkungsgrades von Vertikalachsenrotoren erreicht. Asymmetrisch profilierte Flügel haben wesentliche höhere Gleitzahlen als symmetrisch profilierte Flügel. Die Gleitzahl ist ein Wert, der die aerodynamische Güte ausdrückt. Er stellt das Verhältnis von Antriebsbeiwert Ca zu Widerstandsbeiwert Cw dar. Das gegenüber symmetrischen Profilen günstigere Verhältnis stellt sich bei positiven Anströmwinkeln ein.The invention seeks to remedy the situation by using fixed, asymmetrical rotor blades and thus increasing the overall efficiency of vertical axis rotors. Asymmetrically profiled wings have significantly higher glide numbers than symmetrically profiled wings. The glide ratio is a value that expresses the aerodynamic quality. It represents the ratio of the drive coefficient C a to the resistance coefficient C w . The ratio, which is more favorable than symmetrical profiles, is the case at positive flow angles.

Deshalb ist es die Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Vertikalachsenrotor mit feststehenden, asymmetrisch geformten Rotorblättern zu entwickeln, der einen höheren Leistungsbeiwert cp wie Horizontalachsenrotoren erreicht.It is therefore the object of the invention to develop a vertical axis rotor with fixed, asymmetrically shaped rotor blades, which achieves a higher power coefficient c p than horizontal axis rotors.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die in den Ansprüchen aufgeführten Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved by the claims listed features solved.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile bestehen insbesondere darin, daß sich das Verhältnis von Antrieb und Widerstand auf der Luvseite des Rotors erheblich günstiger wird. Die Wirkungsgradverluste auf der ohnehin verwirbelt angeströmten Leeseite werden bewußt in Kauf genommen, weil der Leistungszuwachs auf der Luvseite größer ist. Der Gesamtwirkungsgrad des Vertikalachsenrotors liegt dennoch und trägt somit zur Wirtschaftlichkeitserhöhung der Windkraftanlage bei.The advantages achieved with the invention are in particular in that the relationship between drive and resistance the windward side of the rotor becomes considerably cheaper. The efficiency losses on the leeward side, which is already swirling are consciously accepted because the increase in performance the windward side is larger. The total efficiency of the vertical axis rotor lies nevertheless and thus contributes to an increase in efficiency the wind turbine.

Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Es zeigtThe invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. It shows

Fig. 1 eine schematisch dargestellte Ansicht der Windkraftanlage mit einem dreiflügligen Vertikalachsenrotor, Fig. 1 is a view of the wind turbine, shown schematically with a three-bladed vertical axis rotor,

Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht der Windkraftanlage nach Fig. 1. FIG. 2 shows a top view of the wind turbine according to FIG. 1.

Nach den Fig. 1 und 2 besteht die Windkraftanlage aus einem Turm 1 und der Tragstruktur 2 für die Rotorblätter 3. Die Rotorblätter 3 sind asymmetrische, feststehende Profile, die entgegen der Umlaufkreiskrümmung gewölbt sind. Die Rotorblätter 3 sind über die Tragstruktur 2 mit einem Generator verbunden, der sich in einer Generatorverkleidung 5 befindet. Die Drehachse der Rotorblätter 3 ist senkrecht angeordnet und befindet sich in der Mitte des Turmes 1.According to FIGS. 1 and 2, the wind turbine from the tower 1 and the supporting structure 2 for the rotor blades. 3 The rotor blades 3 are asymmetrical, fixed profiles, which are curved against the curvature of the circular circle. The rotor blades 3 are connected via the support structure 2 to a generator which is located in a generator casing 5 . The axis of rotation of the rotor blades 3 is arranged vertically and is located in the middle of the tower 1 .

Die Tragstruktur 2 besitzt mittig eine nach oben verlängerte Mittelstrebe 4, die über die Rotorblattspitzen 3 hinausragt, um als Blitzableiter zu dienen.The supporting structure 2 has in the middle an upwardly elongated central strut 4 which projects beyond the rotor blade tips 3 in order to serve as a lightning arrester.

Claims (2)

1. Windkraftanlage als Vertikalachsenrotor mit feststehenden, asymmetrisch geformten Rotorblättern mit gewölbtem Profil, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an einem Tragwerk (2) n Rotorblätter mit an sich bekannten gewölbtem Profil (3), vorzugsweise drei, derart angeordnet sind, daß das Profil (3) eine Krümmung entgegen der Umlaufkreiskrümmung aufweist.1. Wind turbine as a vertical axis rotor with fixed, asymmetrically shaped rotor blades with a curved profile, characterized in that n rotor blades with a known curved profile ( 3 ), preferably three, are arranged on a supporting structure ( 2 ) such that the profile ( 3 ) has a curvature opposite to the circular curvature. 2. Windkraftanlage nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Mittelachse der Tragstruktur (2) der Rotorblätter (3) eine Mittelstrebe (4) angeordnet ist, die über die Rotorblattspitzenhöhe hinausragt und elektrisch leitend ist.2. Wind power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that in the central axis of the support structure ( 2 ) of the rotor blades ( 3 ) a central strut ( 4 ) is arranged which protrudes beyond the rotor blade tip height and is electrically conductive.
DE4402378A 1994-01-27 1994-01-27 Wind power installation as a vertical-axis rotor having fixed asymmetrically shaped rotor blades Expired - Fee Related DE4402378C1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4402378A DE4402378C1 (en) 1994-01-27 1994-01-27 Wind power installation as a vertical-axis rotor having fixed asymmetrically shaped rotor blades

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4402378A DE4402378C1 (en) 1994-01-27 1994-01-27 Wind power installation as a vertical-axis rotor having fixed asymmetrically shaped rotor blades

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Publication Number Publication Date
DE4402378C1 true DE4402378C1 (en) 1995-03-23

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005049938B3 (en) * 2005-10-19 2007-03-01 Zeki Akbayir Rotor for fluid flow machine e.g. pump, has wing profile unit including convex elevation on outer mantel surface, axial hollow space enclosed in interior, and opening between space and mantel surface in region of profile units
DE102006003903A1 (en) * 2006-01-27 2007-08-02 Weißenberger, Dietmar Drive vane for wind power machine with vertical rotor axis is asymmetrical and diverts air flow on rounded inner side of vane in direction of rotation
EP2003336A2 (en) * 2006-03-29 2008-12-17 Qiang Yan A method for installing blades of a vertical-shaft wind generator
EP2039929A1 (en) * 2006-06-28 2009-03-25 Qiang Yan A method for installing blades and wind wheel of vertical axis wind power generator
WO2010071527A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-24 Vertical Wind Ab A wind turbine
CN101943112A (en) * 2010-09-13 2011-01-12 青海风发科技发展有限公司 Wind wheel device of vertical axis wind turbine
CN104564527A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-29 国家电网公司 Lightning-protection wind driven generator

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2816026A1 (en) * 1978-04-13 1979-10-25 Univ Gakko Hojin Tokai WIND POWER MACHINE WITH VERTICAL AXIS

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2816026A1 (en) * 1978-04-13 1979-10-25 Univ Gakko Hojin Tokai WIND POWER MACHINE WITH VERTICAL AXIS

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005049938B3 (en) * 2005-10-19 2007-03-01 Zeki Akbayir Rotor for fluid flow machine e.g. pump, has wing profile unit including convex elevation on outer mantel surface, axial hollow space enclosed in interior, and opening between space and mantel surface in region of profile units
DE102007003088B3 (en) * 2005-10-19 2007-08-30 Zeki Akbayir Turbomachine in a driven rotor
DE102006003903A1 (en) * 2006-01-27 2007-08-02 Weißenberger, Dietmar Drive vane for wind power machine with vertical rotor axis is asymmetrical and diverts air flow on rounded inner side of vane in direction of rotation
EP2003336A2 (en) * 2006-03-29 2008-12-17 Qiang Yan A method for installing blades of a vertical-shaft wind generator
EP2003336A4 (en) * 2006-03-29 2013-04-03 Qiang Yan A method for installing blades of a vertical-shaft wind generator
EP2039929A1 (en) * 2006-06-28 2009-03-25 Qiang Yan A method for installing blades and wind wheel of vertical axis wind power generator
EP2039929A4 (en) * 2006-06-28 2013-04-03 Qiang Yan A method for installing blades and wind wheel of vertical axis wind power generator
WO2010071527A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2010-06-24 Vertical Wind Ab A wind turbine
GB2476419A (en) * 2008-12-19 2011-06-22 Vertical Wind Ab A wind turbine
CN101943112A (en) * 2010-09-13 2011-01-12 青海风发科技发展有限公司 Wind wheel device of vertical axis wind turbine
CN101943112B (en) * 2010-09-13 2012-07-25 青海风发科技发展有限公司 Wind wheel device of vertical axis wind turbine
CN104564527A (en) * 2014-12-26 2015-04-29 国家电网公司 Lightning-protection wind driven generator

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8339 Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee