DE4400874A1 - Component pairing - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a pairing of components with one another assigned fixed and loose parts such as gears, synchronizer rings, Sliding or shift sleeves, clutch plates and. the like Components.

Such component pairings are in particular in power transmission devices such as gears. Gearbox as Component of drive elements are well known. Your job is to deliver achievements and moments To transfer rotary movements from one shaft to another. The aim is that the uniformity of the Rotational movement is maintained to be undesirable Avoid accelerations, decelerations and mass forces.  

The torques and Angular velocities are usually not uniform. Furthermore, the performance requirements on the Output shaft. The task of the transmission is, despite the non-uniformity a speed and Torque translation and adjustment to effect.

Especially when in mobile use for. B. in one Gearboxes located in the motor vehicle are the Irregularities on the drive side are particularly high and the power and torque requirements change on the Output side permanent. This is said to be partly through an am Drive output provided two-mass flywheel, one Vibration damper or a clutch damper adjusted become. It has been shown to be disadvantageous that this flywheel its effects only develop in a narrow frequency range. It is also considered disadvantageous that the above Systems only work in a narrow frequency range. Furthermore there it operating conditions, such as the shutdown of Internal combustion engines in vehicles, the so-called Shaking down leads. This effect can be caused by Vibration dampers or dampers are even reinforced. Another critical operating condition occurs mainly at Accelerating vehicles. Occurs in the vehicle transmission then clearly the so-called acceleration rattle. These systems cannot simultaneously suffer from these disadvantages be solved. If these systems are not exactly balanced,  what is complicated increases the bearing wear drastically, the own noises increase and it comes to Vibrations and loss of comfort. Every new engine Gearbox-vehicle mass combination demands a new one Poll. Are the dual mass flywheels with additional ones hydraulic torsion damping principles there is a risk of leakage. Besides, that is Damping fluid temperature dependent on its viscosity. A Leakage can create a fire hazard for the vehicle, too Odor nuisance and environmental contamination. Furthermore, the relatively high price, a weight of up to to 20 kg, the complex structure with many parts and the required space disadvantageously.

This leads to the fact that even modern gearboxes still rattle and rattling, which is bothersome on the one hand, and the other individual components of the transmission can wear out earlier. Other reasons for the rattling and rattling of the loose parts within the gearbox are in the excitation of the gearbox by the natural vibrations of the flanged motor, the Sideshafts or the cardan shaft and the chassis and the Road bumps seen. Individual aggregates like that Alternator, the pump for steering or braking aid can certain speeds develop natural vibrations that the Gearboxes translational in all three coordinate directions accelerate. This leads to the loose parts inside of their game limits begin to swing. In particular that in  recently emerging modern Engine management to control emissions and Fuel consumption leads to irregular running of the Motors, which further causes the rattling and rattling be reinforced by the individual, associated with each other Components of the gearbox as part of your manufacturing or function-related game.

Methods have become known (GB 591 285; DE-PS 8 51 884; EP 44 905 A1; Patent abstracts of Japan M-1270, Vol-16, No. 284) in which the individual components assigned to one another are attracted by magnetic force so that they are permanent, i.e. H. even in a no-load condition. This will hitting each other and in this way rattling and rattling avoided, but this is done by a Bought deterioration in the efficiency of the gearbox because friction and squeezing moments increase.

The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a transmission in which in a simple manner without Loss of efficiency the rattling and rattling phenomena of Lots are reduced.

This object is achieved in that at least one of the mutually assigned component pairs of Fixed and / or loose parts have magnetization and Parts are repelled by magnetic force.  

The invention provides that the associated no-load components, e.g. B. the tooth flanks of a fixed and one The loose wheel is constantly repelled by magnetic force become. The tooth flanks are only on these components then when there is a power transmission, d. H. in the switched state. When not switched, in which the components circulate loosely, they are replaced by the Magnetic force arranged so that the tooth flanks are constantly at a distance from each other. This will achieved the following advantages: Because the components are not touch, no structure-borne noise can be ignited and none Structure-borne noise can be transmitted. It also reduces it Squeezing moment because there is less oil between the tooth flanks must be squeezed out. Wear is reduced due to the reduced touch and the reduced Frequency of strikes. Also arise, especially at helical gears, less or none Axial vibrations. Besides, that will Synchronization behavior improved. Finally, can be found that the efficiency of a transmission with such component pairings is higher and the service life increases. With a different pair of motor-gearbox variants no new coordination takes place, which is the case with Mass flywheels would be required because of the magnetic effect the rattle and rattle problem far outside of the Stimulus shifts. Otherwise, only those are  Component pairs to be equipped with the magnetic effect, the Cause noise.

Through this repulsion principle according to the invention, for. B. the tooth play of two components are increased again. Today's backlash is at operating temperature in the Of the order of 0.2 mm. This is only with expensive ones Manufacturing process possible. At temperatures below -10 ° c clamp such gears. Due to high friction when starting they warm up and expand. This is common today Solution naturally leads to higher wear.

The invention is not limited to that only intermeshing gears equipped according to the invention are so that their flanks repel each other. The invention is intended also all others that perform relative movements to each other Components that are not necessarily in a gearbox must be arranged, but z. B. also in the engine, one Coupling or another unit can be arranged with include. Such components can, for. B. synchronizer rings, Sliding or shift sleeves, clutch plates, etc.

The repulsive effect of the components is simple achieved in that they are at least sectionally the same Have polarity. So z. B. the tooth flanks or Areas of the tooth flanks should be provided with the same polarity.  

Are preferred to generate the magnetic force permanent magnetic components and / or electrical components intended. So z. B. a solenoid in the manufacturing process straight into the plastic gear or into the top component poured, injected or integrated in a similar way become. The power supply to the solenoid can, for. B. as in a generator operation by rolling the idler gear as a rotor be induced on a shaft as a stator. This leads the coil turns to energy through self-induction. Depending on The magnetic force can either anticipate the vibrations to be expected be made available by a permanent magnet or z. B. by a magnetic coil, the permanent magnets Have the advantage that they have the magnetic force without the supply of energy provide so that gear with permanent magnets find a wide range of applications. Magnetic coils have the advantage on that with them the magnetic force in a simple way Can be controlled or regulated depending on operating conditions is.

A preferred embodiment provides that permanent magnetic component a plastic bonded magnet is where the magnetic or magnetizable particles are embedded in a plastic matrix. The magnetic or magnetizable material is e.g. B. a neodymium-iron-boron Compound or a samarium-cobalt compound or a other, especially sintered material. The magnetic or magnetizable material as a support z. B. in  Form a disc with or without tooth profile on the components upset. This is done e.g. B. by spraying, riveting, snap on or stick on. The pad can be detachable or be permanently attached. For gears, the support can be provided on one or both sides, whereby the gear gets a sandwich structure. They will be advantageous magnetizable particles only immediately before final assembly of the unit magnetized so that there is no ferromagnetic Foreign objects can collect at the magnetic points. The Pad also dampens the components in your Structure-borne noise behavior. Pole disks can be targeted in this way bring the component that metallic Point mass accumulations result in an additional one Effect structure-borne noise. So this doesn't just apply to Rattling and rattling but also for others Gearing noises as a result of engagement impacts, Tooth pitch errors and howling and whistling.

In one embodiment it is provided that the support on components that are already on the market, e.g. B. in In the course of retrofitting, can be applied. In this way can e.g. B. gearboxes that are already in use, converted which can lower their noise level.

The low weight of the pad, which is only advantageous weighs a few grams. In addition, the minor Cost of circulation remarkable. Other benefits will be  seen in that the edition and the associated component are separable from each other, thereby recycling old parts is facilitated. In addition, the permanent magnetic or the plastic-bound material in plastic existing components, in the load-transmitting flank area be provided. The magnetic material from Component material must be covered. For plastic-bound Magnetic particles can be targeted to the spraying process desired site to be injected.

The support preferably has the cross section of the component, d. H. for a gear a tooth profile. The edition can be on its outer edge flush with the component, one Have a distance to or protrude from it. Depending on The optimal shape is chosen for the conditions of use.

With a contour of the component or outstanding section, the outstanding section can be considered elastic element, e.g. B. be designed as a spring element. In this way, peak loads can be reduced by forces are also absorbed by the spring elements by abutting them before they become one The tooth flanks come into contact.

Another embodiment provides that the component, for. B. the gear is made of plastic and the magnetic or partially magnetizable material in each other  assigned areas is arranged distributed. But it can also recesses, e.g. B. holes in the end faces of the Teeth are provided, in which then individual magnets are accommodated. Such gears can also be retrofitted.

In embodiments it can be provided that the Hub area of the components uniformly with one polarization is polarized and that the component designed as a loose part bearing wave has the same polarity. In this way become radial vibrations of the loose part on the shaft minimized.

A concentration of the field lines or a bundling of the Stray fields are achieved in that the magnet from a Is surrounded. The effect can be achieved through the pole disk the magnetic force can be increased up to a factor of 20.

The pole disk advantageously has one of the teeth of the component corresponding or significantly larger number of pole pieces on that with the help of sensors for speed and / or Acceleration detection is used from zero speed can. ABS, ASR, ONBOARD or tachograph need such finely resolved rotary motion signals. You can also the pole disc or the support as a carrier for others Components z. B. shaft seals or the like. So z. B. a Radial shaft sealing ring in the manufacturing process of the edition to get integrated. The edition thus fulfills the function of  Sealing, an active encoder for speed sensors and magnetic repulsion of engaged loose parts with play, e.g. B. in gear pumps. With corresponding sealing elements is an end Sealing on the top or hub side possible. To this In this way, the clean-bearing principle can be used, in which the bearings, e.g. B. the loose wheels one of the gear oil significantly increase the independent lifespan of the bearing. In addition, a higher drag torque in the hub area can be achieved, which in turn benefits the anti-rattling effect is coming. It turns out to be favorable that the oil level in the Transmission can be further reduced in terms of cost and weight saves. At the same time, that decreases Total drag torque and transmission efficiency increases.

Further details, advantages and features of the invention result from the following description, in which under Preferred embodiments with reference to the drawing are described in detail. Show:

Figure 1 shows a section of two intermeshing gears, each with a magnetic pad on their end faces.

Figure 2 shows a tooth of a gear wheel with support in side view.

Figures 3a to 3c show three embodiments of a tooth of a toothed wheel with support and pole disk in section.

Figure 4 shows a tooth of a toothed wheel with support and pole disk, in side view.

Fig. 5 is a tooth of a gear with the tooth flanks superior support;

Fig. 6 is a tooth of a toothed wheel with support and the tooth flanks superior pole disk; and

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of a section of a gear with a permanent magnet embedded in the tooth.

Fig. 1 shows a side view of the meshing region of two standing under load gear wheels 1 and 2 as a detail, one of a fixed wheel and a loose wheel 1 2. Here, a countershaft with several gears can also be viewed as an idler gear. These gears 1 and 2 can be made of metal or plastic and are mounted on shafts 3 and 4 . In the position shown in Fig. 1, the teeth 5 to 7 are engaged. If the arrangement is in the engaged state, the tooth flanks 8 and 9 abut one another.

The tooth flanks 10 and 11 of the teeth 6 and 7 are at a distance from one another.

On the end faces 12 and 13 of the two gears 1 and 2 , a plastic pad 14 and 15 is sprayed on. These have a contour corresponding to the contour of the gears 1 and 2 , but the tooth profile of the two supports 14 and 15 does not end flush with the profile of the gears 1 and 2 . The distance can be fractions with a positive or negative sign of one millimeter. In embodiments that are not shown, the support can also be flush with the tooth profile of the gear or the support of one gear can protrude from it and the support of the other gear can be at a distance from the tooth profile of the gear.

In Fig. 1 it can also be seen that the support 14 or 15 magnetic poles, in the case shown north poles (N). For this purpose, magnetic or magnetizable particles are integrated into the plastic matrix, the polarity of which is oriented as shown. The tooth flanks of the gear wheels 1 and 2 and the hub regions 16 and 17 preferably have the same poles.

If the two gears 1 and 2 are in the no-load or disengaged state, then the teeth 5 to 7 in engagement align themselves in a central position in which the tooth flanks 8 to 11 are without mutual contact. This is because they repel each other due to the same polarity of pads 14 and 15 . This also applies to the hub areas 16 and 17 of the two gear wheels 1 and 2 if the shafts 3 and 4 carrying them also have the same poles. The component is then preferably permanently magnetized in the tooth flank area and in the hub area and in one piece. Radial and axial vibrations are effectively reduced in this way.

Since the tooth flanks 8 to 11 repel each other, structure-borne noise build-up and transmission and wear are reduced. Even with the most modern gears, axial play of neighboring components is required, this play leading to axial vibrations of the components. By repelling the tooth flanks 8 to 11 , a reduction of this axial vibration can also be achieved. In addition, the pinching torque to be applied for the oil adhering to the tooth flanks 8 to 11 is reduced. The repulsion thus increases the efficiency of the gear pair and their service life.

Another advantage of the invention is that only the problems, d. H. Noises and vibrations causing components, such as gears of the upper gears, the Reverse gear and, if applicable, the additional gear, etc., can be magnetized.  

Finally, it has been shown that at a distance from each other standing tooth flanks permanently an oil film between them is located, which on the one hand has a dampening effect, on the other hand the wear during the transition to the switched Condition of the gears diminishes.

In Fig. 1 it can also be seen that the two end faces 12 and 13 of the two gears 1 and 2 are each partially covered with a pole disk 18 and 19 . These pole disks 18 and 19 cover the south poles of pads 14 and 15 .

FIG. 2 shows an embodiment in which the support 15 is brought up to the edge of the tooth 6 . So it has the thickness of the tooth 6 . In this embodiment, higher repulsive forces are achieved.

A section through a gear wheel 22 is shown in Fig. 3a, which also shows an example of the arrangement of the support 23 . This is located in a recess 24 so that there is no short circuit of the magnetic field line on the hub side and a maximum magnetic repulsive effect is achieved in the tooth flank region. In the example shown, it is flush with the flank profile 21 of the gear 22 and has a north and a south pole. On the side facing away from the gear 22 , the support 23 is overlapped by a pole disk 25 , which reduces the scatter of the field lines. This pole disk 25 also ends flush with the flank profile 21 of the gear wheel 22 . The dimensions of this sandwich structure are exaggerated. The thickness of the support 23 and the pole disk 25 is only 1 to a few millimeters. The material of the gear 22 can be selected as desired and can be a metal or a plastic.

FIG. 3b shows a variant for the arrangement of the pole disk 25th The pole disk 25 only covers the south pole, which is not visible in FIG. 3b. The arrangement of the pole disk 25 can be seen in the embodiment of FIG. 1. In the area of the support 23 , a permanent magnet 30 is embedded in the shaft 29 , which reduces axial and radial vibrations.

Another embodiment is shown in Fig. 3c. Here, the pole disk 25 completely overlaps the support 23 and is annular.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the tooth 6 is provided with a support 15 as well as with a pole disk 25 , both, ie support 15 and pole disk 25, having a cross section corresponding to the flank profile 21 of the gear 6 . However, they do not end flush with the tooth flank of tooth 6 but are at a short distance from it.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the support 23 projects slightly beyond the flank profile 21 of the tooth 6 , the projecting section being designed as an elastic element 26 , in the illustrated case as a spring 27 . This structure has the advantage that the maximum magnetic force is available and when this is exceeded, the elastic elements 26 of the intermeshing teeth first come into contact with one another, so that a flank contact of the teeth is essentially prevented. In the case of power transmission with coupled gears, the resilient elements are displaced until the flanks come into contact.

The exemplary embodiment in FIG. 6 likewise has elastic elements 28 , which, however, are formed by the pole disk 25 . Here, too, these elements 28 protrude slightly from the flank profile 21 and serve as a spring, which prevent flank contact.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 7, a permanent magnet 35 is embedded in a gear wheel 31 made of plastic, or in each tooth 32 to 34 . This can be injected during the manufacture of the gear 31 or it can be inserted into a corresponding recess and welded, glued or anchored.

Claims (21)

1. Pairing of components with mutually assigned fixed and / or loose parts such as gears ( 1 , 2 ), synchronizer rings, sliding sleeves, clutch plates and. Like components, characterized in that at least one of the associated pairs of components of fixed and / or loose parts has a magnetization and the parts are repelled by magnetic force. 2. Pair of components according to claim 1, characterized in that that the fixed and / or loose parts are part of a stationary or in mobile use Gears are. 3. Pairing of components according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mutually associated At least pairings of fixed and / or loose parts have the same polarity in sections. 4. component pairing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to generate the magnetic force permanent magnetic, electromagnetic and / or electrical elements are provided.   5. Component pairing according to claim 4, characterized in that the permanent magnetic element with a plastic integrated magnetic or magnetizable Particles. 6. Component pairing according to claim 4 or 5, characterized characterized in that the magnetic or magnetizable Material a samarium-cobalt, neodymium-iron-boron or a corresponding connection with an even higher one Is an energy product. 7. Pair of components according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mutually associated components consist of metal and the magnetic or magnetizable material is provided in a support ( 14 , 15 , 23 ). 8. Pair of components according to claim 7, characterized in that the support ( 14 , 15 , 23 ) is designed as a disc which, for. B. a gear ( 12 ) or the like. 9. Pair of components according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the support ( 14 , 15 , 23 ) glued, sprayed on, riveted, snapped or the like. Detachable or non-detachable. 10. Pairing of components according to one of claims 7-9, characterized in that the support ( 14 , 15 , 23 ) can be applied as a retrofit element on the mutually assigned components. 11. Pair of components according to one of claims 7-10, characterized in that the cross section of the support ( 14 , 15 , 23 ) corresponds to the cross section of the part on which it is attached. 12. Pair of components according to one of claims 7-10, characterized in that the cross section of the support ( 14 , 15 , 23 ) is designed such that there is a small distance to the outer edge or to the contour of the part on which it is attached. 13. Pair of components according to one of claims 7-10, characterized in that the cross section of the support ( 14 , 15 , 23 ) is designed such that it slightly exceeds the contour of the part on which it is arranged. 14. Pair of components according to claim 13, characterized in that the contour of the part projecting portion of the support is designed as an elastic element ( 26 ). 15. Pairing of components according to one of claims 1-6, characterized characterized in that the associated  Component pairs made of plastic and the magnetic or magnetizable material evenly or partially, especially in the area of each other assigned sections, is arranged distributed. 16. Component pairing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mutually assigned component pairings, in particular the areas comprising the magnetic or magnetizable material, are covered by a pole disk ( 25 ). 17. Component pairing according to claim 16, characterized in that the pole disk ( 25 ) is designed as a circular disk or substantially has the cross section of the part. 18. Pair of components according to one of claims 5 to 17, characterized in that the support or pole disc ( 25 ) as a carrier for other components, for. B. a radial shaft seal or the like. Are formed and in particular in one piece with this. 19. Component pairing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetic Component pairings sensors for speed and Acceleration detection are assigned.   20. Pair of components according to claim 19, characterized in that that to increase the resolution a pole shoe with a variety of pole pieces over the magnetic Material is arranged. 21. Component pairing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the magnetization in Flank area of gears is provided.