DE436857C - Device for measuring the specific fuel consumption - Google Patents

Description

Device for measuring the specific fuel consumption. object of the present invention is a device for measuring the distance on a unit of travel, a unit of time or a number of revolutions related to fuel consumption in vehicles and prime movers that run on liquid or liquefied fuels will. It can also be used for other operating fluids in liquid form possible. The subject of the invention is mainly suitable for use in motor vehicles, without being limited to this.

There are devices for measuring these quantities are known in which the consumer the fuel for example by a pump with variable Hub is supplied. Depending on the pump from an odometer (wagon wheel) or one When the timer (clockwork) is operated, the fuel is metered proportionally the way or proportional to the time. If the stroke of the pump is now transferred to the Fuel flow switched on vessel with float according to the instantaneous value If the need changes, the position of the swimmer provides a measure for the instantaneous Requirement in the path etc. unit. Suitable organs known per se can be used the respective position of the float on a pointer mechanism without any particular difficulty or another suitable display device.

As simple and functional as this facility may seem at first, it offers great difficulties for a permanently reliable and precise execution. On the one hand, it is practically impossible in this way to measure the exact dosage Achieve very small amounts of fuel, as the pumps are very small and sensitive and, secondly, the small forces available are practically sufficient feasible regulating organs, especially the float, are nowhere near enough to be a bring about safe and precise change in the pump delivery. Furthermore, play as a result of the circumstances mentioned, the influences of friction, vibrations, etc. my unfavorable role.

According to the present invention is not that of the proportional working Funded amount changed, but it will depend on the maximum consumption dimensioned accordingly. Delivery rate the respective required quantity through a with the Float-related deflector separated, but the excess returned. For this purpose, the conveyed flow of liquid is used for spatial expansion brought what can be done in various ways. First is a spread in the free jet in ribbon form or as a row of drops or by flowing over a fixed or moving base possible. In each case known devices for evenly distributing the amount of fuel, z. B. grooves, nozzles and the like., Added. With regard to the way the The regulating organ described below is thereby the spreading fuel flow Spatially arranged so that the partial funding is the same at every point.

For a more detailed explanation, the new arrangement is exemplified on one Embodiment described in Fig. I. The fuel is pumped here according to the invention by a roller a, which z. B. from the wheel b of a vehicle is driven in a known manner. This roller a is immersed in a vessel c, in which by mediation of the nozzle d according to known processes, a constant liquid level is obtained. During the rotation of the roller a in which can be seen from the side view Thus, this takes a layer of fuel, evenly distributed over its length with, which is partly deflected by the adjacent scraper e and into the collecting vessel f is passed, which in turn feeds the float vessel g. The swimmer h now regulates the fuel supply in the following way: occurs in the specific If the consumer fed by the connector i needs a change, e.g. Legs Increase, a, so the level in the float vessel g sinks, and that directly on the Wiper e float acting through the cord and roller pulls it so far to the right, until the additional output promoted as a result equals the additional output demanded by the consumer is. The arrangement and constructional means of Fig. I are only of schematic value and are not decisive for the practical implementation.

As can be easily seen, one has in the movement of the swimmer or the scraper a means for direct reading of the measured variable, which is indicated by pointer and scale k happens in a known manner. Will be such a roller used to spread the fuel, it becomes expedient in that direction the lowest possible slope, d. H. across the direction of travel, attached and according to the invention on its surface with organs for uniform retention of the Fuel, e.g. B. with grooves, bristles, absorbent bodies, etc., provided. By such Organs is advantageously counteracted the adverse effect of centrifugal force, whose influence can still be expedient by the choice of the number of revolutions and the dimensions will decrease.

In the described type of use of a roller is advantageous Assign the organ used to convey the fuel as an organ in good time its spatial distribution is used.

In order to be able to supply fuel to it for longer periods of time when the car is stationary but the engine is working, the fuel container c is connected to your float vessel g by a line l. Through a shut-off device located in this line l in. This means that the required amount of fuel can be supplied to the consumer by hand even when the car is at a standstill.

Compared to known arrangements are with the same available force of the regulating member for actuating the appropriately balanced deflecting member forces required small. The setting of the device is therefore always safe and exactly. It is, however, possible according to the invention, the necessary adjusting force, especially in the case of small designs, reduce it even further by reducing the distribution of the fuel by one with holes or nozzles or other appropriately chosen A pipe or vessel provided with openings creates a kind of rain or veil with the properties listed above (even distribution, etc.), under which the deflecting element, which acts in an analogous manner, is moved.

An exemplary embodiment is shown schematically in FIG shown.

The letters e, f, g, k here again denote the same organs as in Fig.r. The pump x or another suitable conveying element, which is driven in the manner indicated above, conveys the fuel through a line of any length to a distributor o, here for example in the form of a pipe, which is at regular intervals with a number of holes or nozzles under which the deflector e is equipped. The fuel can be conveyed continuously or intermittently. The execution of the distributor o in the form of a tube and in a straight line is only an example. The nozzles or holes, that is to say generally the outflow organs, can be located on a container of any shape depending on the requirements, and the distribution element can in turn, according to the invention, have the outflow organs in a straight, curved or spiral arrangement, depending on one with regard to the type The required type of movement of the deflecting organ is to be assumed for the display. This enables the device to be adapted to the requirements of special types of installation of the measuring device.

The amount of fuel hitting the deflector e is as above the float vessel g supplied to the consumer, while the excess amount of the The vessel p is collected and returned through a line to the storage container q will.

The suction of the conveyor element ii from your storage container takes place through the intermediary of the pipe r. In order to make it impossible for q to run out due to the siphon effect when r breaks, the pump is set so high according to the invention that its suction nozzle is above the highest level of fuel in the storage container and, on the other hand, to prevent the suction column from tearing off and to make it easier the conveying work at high speeds of one leg of the suction pipe from the conveying organ arranged rising.

To enable fuel to be supplied when the vehicle is stationary, is also according to the invention a means of freewheeling optionally on the pump et Acting drive s provided, which the float vessel and connected to it Filling rooms with fuel is permitted.

With continuous delivery of the pump n, the fuel flows out the bores of the distributor o in the form of drops or jets, depending on the speed the delivery, which in turn depends on the speed of the pump, d. H. of the vehicle, depends. The same goes for the case where the pump injects the fuel promotes. Due to these differences in funding, now, albeit small, Differences in the spatial distribution of fuel arise. According to the invention these disadvantages are eliminated by the fact that in intermittent, discontinuous Promotion, the number of games in the unit of time with the vehicle speed changes, the actual funding period is chosen to be small compared to the duration of a Game at the highest vehicle speed. This requirement can come in handy as a result be sufficient that, for example, the Suction stroke of the conveyor organ a transmission element connected to a wheel of the vehicle happens while the pressure or. Delivery stroke takes place by a spring tensioned during the suction stroke. It should be particularly noted that, according to the invention, the size or variability the outflow numbers of the distribution organs without affecting the mode of action or Accuracy of the arrangement is. The discontinuous fuel delivery brings also has an important practical advantage. As mentioned above, the amounts of liquid to be moved are relatively small, so that in the considerable difficulties oppose constructive training of the conveyor organ. These difficulties are now in a simple and effective manner according to the Invention overcome that in discontinuous promotion the number who chooses funding cycles smaller than the number of withdrawal cycles of the consumer, based on the same delivery rate. This increases the pump delivery per stroke in Ratio of the game numbers larger and can always be chosen so large that the Sources of error occurring in pumps for the smallest delivery have no influence. If the consumer's fuel is withdrawn continuously or approximately continuously, so the promotion takes place expediently also in so large partial delivery rates that a favorable dimensioning of the funding organ becomes possible.

Such an arrangement of the fuel delivery now allows in a particularly advantageous manner the avoidance of the mechanical drive of the pump, which always tends to malfunction, by virtue of the fact that it is electromagnetically, eg. B. by an electromagnet actuating the suction stroke. In the exemplary arrangement in Fig. 3, the current coming from the battery or the electrical system of the vehicle first passes through the solenoid a and then, after flowing through the contact b attached to a wheel or other suitable structural part, closes the circuit. The contact b is expediently designed as a so-called snap contact in order to prevent a permanent, useless current draw when the contactor is at a standstill and in an accidental switched-on position. In parallel to the contactor, which can of course also be actuated as a function of time or number of revolutions, a switch c, which can be operated arbitrarily by hand, is also arranged. With the help of this switch it is possible, also z. B. to put the pump intermittently into operation when the vehicle is at a standstill and thus replenish fuel. In Fig. 3, d is the pump piston, e is the piston rod pulled into the solenoid a , f is the return or compression spring and g is the pump cylinder with valves. The mode of operation of the arrangement can also be seen from Fig. 3 without further explanations. The switch drive can also be used optionally as an organ of the optional mechanical pump drive.

In Fig. 4, a particularly advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of the invention that meets the practical requirements is shown. The whole facility with all organs is arranged axially symmetrically. A nozzle assembly a is provided as the organ of fuel distribution, the distributor nozzles bbb of which all open into the axial bore. The nozzle assembly, which can be screwed into the body d by means of the thread c in such a way that the fuel is supplied through the channel e, is connected to the fuel pump through this axial bore. The lower part of the rotating body d is divided by the tubular partition f into two concentric vessels. The resulting outer vessel forms the float vessel with the float g, the inner vessel the collecting chamber for the unneeded return flow of the pumped fuel, which is returned to the tank through the hole h. The fuel flows from the float tank through the bore i into the carburetor or to the engine. The float g has a cone-shaped roof whose bore l allows the nozzle assembly a to pass through with little play, so that, depending on the position of the float g, the row of nozzles bbb is divided into a part outside and inside the float. Connected to the float g is a deflection pipe -km which has the task of guiding the amount of fuel emerging from the nozzle assembly inside the float into the collecting chamber immediately surrounding the nozzle assembly, from where it flows back to the tank. The swimmer is expediently provided with a weight n at the bottom in order to maintain its stable equilibrium. In the exemplary embodiment, the current position of the float is transmitted mechanically to the display drum p (with return spring) by means of the thread or tape o. It is also any other known per se, e.g. B. an electrical display transmission applicable. The display device is expediently accommodated in a separate attachment q in order to achieve easy accessibility and the ability to replace differently inclined end plates r.

The arrangement described above works in a completely analogous manner to the one above the arrangements described in Figs. i and 3. Their main features are the use the regulating organ as a distribution organ and the concentric arrangement of the main organs: Nozzle holder, deflector, collecting vessel, float and float vessel. From that through The fuel conveyed through the nozzle assembly arrives above the edge l of the float g exiting part over the conical part this into the float vessel and from here to the consumer. As soon as the balance between inflow and outflow in the Float vessel, e.g. B. in the sense of increased consumption, is disturbed, the decreases Float g and thereby releases a larger number of nozzle holes b-b-b. Through this the float vessel is given an increased influx and the swimmer plays into a new equilibrium position. The separation and return of the excess amount of the pumped fuel takes place, as shown in Fig. q. can be seen by, that the jets of liquid lying below the edge Z hit the deflection tube m and through this into the interior, with the tank through the nozzle l2 and conduct a collecting vessel connected to a pipeline. The partition f between the float vessel and the collecting vessel is just high enough that the fuel can then be removed from the float vessel begins to overflow directly over the upper edge of f into the collecting or return vessel, if all nozzles b-b-b only go into that when the float is at its highest level Feed the return vessel. This case can occur z. B. when driving downhill with the engine switched off. This partition also serves another purpose. If the swimmer leaks, as it sometimes happens, it sinks onto it Bottom of the float vessel and thus feeds the by releasing all nozzles Oversized float vessel. By running in the manner described Partition f can now, in this case, too much fuel delivered over the edge flow back from f into the tank, so that a Continued operation of the vehicle is possible without special measures or interventions.

It is also easily possible to use the swimmer, for example on the wall of the float vessel or on the nozzle assembly in such a way that it executes a rotary movement at the same time with the axial, and that appropriately approximately one turn over the entire stroke. This makes the rotary movement easier Wise made visible to the outside and the regulating organ (the float) at the same time be used as an organ of regulation, distribution and display. Through this the greatest simplicity and operational reliability as well as the lowest weight are achieved. In this case there is only a single moving organ with small movement and minimal wear.

With instruments of the type described, the calibration now offers and Checking the information for correctness always has certain difficulties. It will this has now been eliminated and a simple calibration and control achieved thereby, that with the actual measuring apparatus a registration device is known per se Type (measuring drum, etc.) is connected, but which is proportional to the selected reference value, z. B. the Wagenweg, is driven. This makes an integrating one expedient Instrument, such as odometer, revolution or time counter, depending on the type of selected Reference, connected. The registration instrument now draws z. B. liters per kilometer as a function of the kilometers traveled. Through graphic integration, thereby in a simple manner by comparing the integral value and the measured one Consumption of the apparatus can either be calibrated or checked. It's also technical possible to carry out the integration mechanically continuously and thus a continuous one Indication of the total consumption to be achieved.

This arrangement now gives a way to take control even further expand by, according to the invention, on the recording strip at the same time makes a record of even time intervals. This is done appropriately in such a way that by a clockwork or in special cases by an oscillating one Feather these even time intervals with punctiform marks or a kind of wavy line, the amplitudes of which form the time stamps, a suitable marking device is formed or is operated. From such a diagram, e.g. B. in vehicles, for each point time, place, speed, the specific fuel consumption and the fuel consumption since the start of the journey was easily taken and unmatched extensive control can be exercised.

This universal usability of the subject invention is also further increased by the fact that in the circuit of the fuel, expediently on the pressure side of the conveyor organ, one or more hydrodynamically operated devices for measuring the total amount of fuel for the total distance or speed. This is because of the proportionality between funding and reference value in the subject matter of the invention always possible. One has the advantage here for the display systems over relatively to be able to dispose of great forces, from which great measuring accuracy and the possibility registration without the need for a special funding body.

Claims (12)

PATEN T CLAIMS: i. Device for measuring the specific fuel consumption, especially in motor vehicles, characterized in that the flow of the fuel quantity delivered in a manner known per se proportionally to the selected reference variable (distance or number of revolutions or time) through a distribution element spatially (e.g. in ribbon, drop - Or jet shape) and from this the amount of fuel required by the consumer is divided off by means of a deflector set by the regulating device (e.g. float with float vessel), the rest, however, being returned to the fuel storage container. 2. Apparatus according to claim i, characterized in that the for promoting the Fuel used organ at the same time as organ for its spatial distribution serves. 3. Apparatus according to claim i and 2, characterized in that as an organ the spatial distribution of fuel is driven proportionally to the reference variable Rotary body is used, for. B. by dipping in a fuel vessel, sprinkling and the like, is provided with a uniform fuel coating and its surface with organs for evenly holding the fuel, e.g. B. grooves, bristles, Absorbents and the like., Is provided. . 4. Arrangement according to claim z to 3, characterized characterized in that by an arbitrary and selectively to be actuated organ Excess amount or the contents of an auxiliary container kept filled by this can be wholly or partially passed into the regulating vessel. 5. Arrangement according to Claim i to characterized in that a distribution member with nozzles, holes etc. is used tubular or in some other suitable shape trained container and the nozzles, holes, etc., in a straight line, in a circular or spiral direction according to size and distribution are arranged such that thereby a desired dependency between the delivery rate and the movement of the deflector. 6. Arrangement according to claim i to characterized in that in the case of a deep main fuel tank the F'Zrderorgan above the highest fuel level and also the suction line from the suction port of the conveyor organ is arranged from a little rising. 7. Arrangement according to claim i to h, characterized in that the conveyor member has an optionally usable manual drive for the fuel. B. arrangement according to claim i to characterized in that the proportional to the reference variable the amount of fuel to be pumped in equal sub-amounts measured in this way, promoted in a small time in relation to the duration of a promotion game is that thereby practically usable dimensions of the conveyor organ grow, with With intermittent fuel consumption, the number of cycles of the feed is always smaller is chosen as the number of games to be withdrawn by the consumer. 9. Arrangement according to claim i to, characterized in that the conveyor organ intermittently to electromagnetic Ways operated and the necessary switching element a second optionally by hand controllable in parallel. i o. Arrangement according to claims i to 9, characterized characterized in that the regulating organ is also the organ of fuel distribution and the display is. i i. Arrangement according to claims i to i o, characterized in that that regulating member and distributing member are arranged concentrically to each other and the Movement of the regulating organ in the sense of a shift, twist or spiral movement he follows. 12. The arrangement according to claim i to i i, characterized in that according to A direct overflow occurs when the fuel in the regulating tank reaches a maximum level into the return vessel or the return line.