DE4318065A1 - Motor car equipped with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor - Google Patents

Motor car equipped with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor

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Publication number
DE4318065A1
DE4318065A1 DE4318065A DE4318065A DE4318065A1 DE 4318065 A1 DE4318065 A1 DE 4318065A1 DE 4318065 A DE4318065 A DE 4318065A DE 4318065 A DE4318065 A DE 4318065A DE 4318065 A1 DE4318065 A1 DE 4318065A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
motor
drive
engine
generator
energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
DE4318065A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Hermann Dr Ing Klaue
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DE4318065A priority Critical patent/DE4318065A1/en
Publication of DE4318065A1 publication Critical patent/DE4318065A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/02—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels
    • H02K7/025—Additional mass for increasing inertia, e.g. flywheels for power storage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G15/00—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type
    • B60G15/02—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring
    • B60G15/06—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper
    • B60G15/067—Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or type of combined spring and vibration damper, e.g. telescopic type having mechanical spring and fluid damper characterised by the mounting on the vehicle body or chassis of the spring and damper unit
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G3/00—Resilient suspensions for a single wheel
    • B60G3/18—Resilient suspensions for a single wheel with two or more pivoted arms, e.g. parallelogram
    • B60G3/20—Resilient suspensions for a single wheel with two or more pivoted arms, e.g. parallelogram all arms being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/001—Suspension arms, e.g. constructional features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
    • F16F15/30—Flywheels
    • F16F15/31—Flywheels characterised by means for varying the moment of inertia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60G2300/13—Small sized city motor vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2300/00—Indexing codes relating to the type of vehicle
    • B60G2300/50—Electric vehicles; Hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K16/00—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind
    • B60K2016/003—Arrangements in connection with power supply of propulsion units in vehicles from forces of nature, e.g. sun or wind solar power driven
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/28—Four wheel or all wheel drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
    • Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/90—Energy harvesting concepts as power supply for auxiliaries' energy consumption, e.g. photovoltaic sun-roof

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The motor car according to the invention, which is equipped with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor, is intended primarily for commuting, being fitted with two to three seats and consuming a minimum of fuel. The driving diesel engine operates on the two-stroke cycle with direct injection and secondary expansion and the electric drive has an energy accumulator which operates at high rotational speed and which absorbs the deceleration energy during braking when stopping and on slopes. The energy accumulator can additionally be charged up by solar energy, when the car is parked in the open in a carpark, for example allowing the return journey from work to be accomplished entirely or in part with power drawn from the energy accumulator. To absorb the solar energy, the car's roof canopy, which is produced from high-strength glass, is, for example, coated with tellurite for converting it to electrical energy which is fed to the energy accumulator. When the outside temperature is high, it is possible by this means to control the temperature in the car. <IMAGE>

Description

Bedenklich zunehmend schädigen von Kraftwagenmotoren ausge­ stoßene Stickoxide, Schwefeldioxide, Kohlenmonoxide sowie enorme Mengen Kohlendioxide die Weltatmosphäre.Seriously increasing damage from motor vehicle engines collided nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide as well enormous amounts of carbon dioxide the world atmosphere.

Politiker rechneten damit, durch Empfehlung des Einsatzes von Batterie-Vollelektrik- sowie Hybridfahrzeugen die Zunahme der Umweltschäden durch Kraftwagen verhindern zu können. Die Be­ kanntgabe der Untersuchungsergebnisse des Berliner Umwelt­ bundesamtes bestätigten die Meinung der Fachingenieure: Bei Verwendung von Elektroantrieben mit Batterien als Energie­ speicher wird die Umweltverschmutzung lediglich auf die, die Batterieaufladung vornehmenden Kraftwerke verschoben, so daß die relative Verschmutzung der Atmosphäre bei Verwendung von Elektro-Speicherenergie infolge der längeren Energiekette zunehmen würde.Politicians expected this by recommending the use of Battery fully electric and hybrid vehicles the increase in To be able to prevent environmental damage caused by motor vehicles. The Be Announcement of the research results of the Berlin environment federal office confirmed the opinion of the specialist engineers: At Use of electric drives with batteries as energy Pollution is only saved to those who Power plants carrying out battery charging moved so that the relative pollution of the atmosphere when using Electrical storage energy due to the longer energy chain would increase.

Die schlechte Abgasbilanz ist nicht der einzige Nachteil des mit Elektrospeicherenergie betriebenen Automobils. Ein derar­ tiger Kraftwagen trägt die doppelte Nutzlast, denn die Batte­ rie wiegt so viel wie die Passagiere. Bekanntermaßen sind die neuen auf 300 bis 350° gehaltenen Na/S- bzw. Na/NiCl₂-Batterien nicht nur bei Zusammenstößen, sondern auch im Normaleinsatz gefährlich für die Fahrzeuginsassen.The poor exhaust balance is not the only disadvantage of the automobile powered by electrical storage energy. A derar tiger motor vehicle carries twice the payload because the battery rie weighs as much as the passengers. As is well known, they are new Na / S or Na / NiCl₂ batteries kept at 300 to 350 ° not only in collisions, but also in normal use dangerous for the vehicle occupants.

Bezüglich Gewichtsaufwand sind Hybridfahrzeuge, also solche, die mit Elektrospeicherenergie betrieben werden und zusätzlich einen Verbrennungsmotor aufweisen, noch nachteiliger als solche mit reinem Elektroantrieb. Laut mot Nr. 22/1992 soll ein sol­ ches Fahrzeug in Kleinwagenabmessung dreimal so viel kosten wie ein Mittelklasseautomobil mit Normalantrieb, wobei letzte­ rer umweltschonender betrieben werden kann (s. o.).In terms of weight, hybrid vehicles, i.e. those which are operated with electrical storage energy and in addition have an internal combustion engine, even more disadvantageous than such with pure electric drive. According to mot no. 22/1992, a sol car in small car dimensions cost three times as much like a mid-range car with normal drive, the last one rer can be operated more environmentally friendly (see above).

Eine Hybridfahrzeug-Lösung ist bekannt, bei der der Elektroan­ trieb zwischen Verbrennungsmotor und Drehmomentwandler, getrennt durch jeweils eine Schaltkupplung, angeordnet ist. Bei zur Umweltschonung stillgesetztem Verbrennungsmotor kann an einem Halt, beispielsweise einer Straßenkreuzung der dabei frei umlau­ fende Teil des mit Verbrennungsmotordrehzahl bewegten E-Motors den Verbrennungsmotor wieder in Gang setzen. Für die gedachte Rekuperation der Verzögerungsenergie kann die E-Motor-Masse da­ für praktisch nicht zur Verfügung stehen. Da sie zwischen den beiden Kupplungen angeordnet ist, läuft sie mit Motordrehzahl um, besitzt also keinen Drehzahlbereich zum Rekuperieren einer Verzögerungsenergie. Dies soll durch Aufladen der Batterie er­ folgen. Letztere jedoch bei Bremsvorgängen dazu zu verwenden, scheitert an dem begrenzten Batterieladevermögen. Gegenüber Bleibatterien wurde dieser Wert bei den o.a. modernen Batterien in der Größenordnung 30 h auf 15 h für die Aufladung verbessert. Jedoch reicht auch diese Ladeleistungsdimension nicht annähernd aus, beispielsweise die bei einer Bremsung auftretende Verzöge­ rungsenergie speichern zu können.A hybrid vehicle solution is known in which the Elektroan drive between the internal combustion engine and torque converter, separated is arranged by a clutch. At the Environmentally friendly internal combustion engine can be at one  Stop, for example a street intersection, which is freely umlau Part of the electric motor moving at internal combustion engine speed start the internal combustion engine again. For the intended Recuperation of the deceleration energy can cause the electric motor mass for being virtually unavailable. Since they are between the both clutches is arranged, it runs at engine speed um, so has no speed range to recuperate one Delay energy. This is done by charging the battery consequences. However, to use the latter when braking, fails due to the limited battery capacity. Across from Lead batteries this value was in the above modern batteries improved in the order of 30 h to 15 h for charging. However, this dimension of charging power is also not nearly sufficient off, for example the decelerations occurring during braking energy storage.

Inzwischen ist eine Hybrid-Kraftfahrzeugantriebs-Lösung bekannt geworden, bei der ein Antrieb mit Elektrospeicherenergie (NiCd 350°, 350 kg), gepaart mit einem Verbrennungsturbinenantrieb er­ folgt. Hierfür gilt die für Hybridantriebe mit Kolben-Verbren­ nungsmotor gemachte Aussage mit dem Zusatz, daß der NOx-Ausstoß einer Verbrennungsturbine den eines Kolben-Verbrennungsmotors mehrfach übertrifft.In the meantime, a hybrid motor vehicle drive solution has become known, in which a drive with electrical storage energy (NiCd 350 °, 350 kg), paired with a combustion turbine drive, follows it. For this, the statement made for hybrid drives with piston combustion engine applies with the addition that the NO x emissions of a combustion turbine exceeds that of a piston internal combustion engine several times.

Die Erfindung hat sich zur Aufgabe gesetzt, einen besonders für den Berufsverkehr geeigneten, mit automatisch geregeltem Antrieb ausgerüsteten Kraftwagen zu schaffen, welcher bezogen auf seine Transportleistung mit geringstmöglichem Kraftstoffverbrauch aus­ kommt, dazu die im Verkehr auftretenden Verzögerungsenergien me­ chanisch speichert und diese für anschließende Beschleunigungs­ vorgänge zur Verfügung stellt, um ein Minimum an Umweltbelas­ tung auftreten zu lassen. Damit diese auf ein Mindestmaß be­ schränkt wird, werden Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen, den Verbrennungs­ motor bei schiebendem und stehendem Fahrzeug stets stillzusetzen. The invention has set itself the task, especially for suitable for rush hour traffic, with automatically controlled drive equipped motor vehicles to create, which related to his Transport performance with the lowest possible fuel consumption comes, plus the deceleration energies occurring in traffic me and saves them for subsequent acceleration operations provides to a minimum of environmental pollution to occur. So that this is to a minimum measures are proposed, the combustion Always stop the engine when the vehicle is pushing and stationary.  

Die der Erfindung zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. In weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung wird der Antriebsmotor mit einer trommelförmigen Kurbelwelle ausgerüstet, welche von einer mit einer Kupplung verbundenen Welle durchdrungen ist, welche die direkte Verbindung zum, an der Frontseite des Mo­ tors angeordneten Elektrogenerator/motor oder über Stirnzahn­ räder zu einer seitlich am Motor gelagerten E-Maschine her­ stellt.The object underlying the invention is achieved by characterizing features of claim 1 solved. In a further embodiment of the invention, the drive motor equipped with a drum-shaped crankshaft, which from a shaft connected to a clutch is penetrated, which is the direct connection to the front of the Mo tors arranged electric generator / motor or over front tooth wheels to an electric machine mounted on the side of the motor poses.

In noch weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung wird ein elektro­ mechanischer Schwungmassenspeicher getrennt vom Verbrennungs­ motor oder mit seinem Gehäuse an letzteren angeflanscht vorge­ sehen, der Bremsenergie speichert und diese allein oder zu­ sammen mit dem Verbrennungsmotor dem Fahrzeugantrieb zur Ver­ fügung stellen kann.In still another embodiment of the invention, an electro mechanical flywheel mass storage separate from combustion engine or with its housing flanged to the latter see who stores braking energy and this alone or too together with the internal combustion engine to drive the vehicle can provide.

In noch weiterer Ausbildung der Erfindung ist der Schwungmas­ senspeicher in Fortsetzung der Kurbelwelle des Verbrennungs­ motors, elektrisch angetrieben, untergebracht.In a further development of the invention is the flywheel sensor memory in continuation of the crankshaft of the combustion motors, electrically powered, housed.

In den Abbildungen sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dar­ gestellt. In Fig. 1 ist ein zweisitziger, besonders für den Be­ rufsverkehr dienender Kraftwagen in der Seitenansicht, in Fig. 2 oberhalb des Antriebs parallel zur Fahrebene geschnitten im Grundriß und schließlich in Fig. 3 in der Vorderansicht mit im Schnitt dargestellter rechter Antriebsseite und gestrichelt dar­ gestelltem Motor mit Schwungmassenspeicher wiedergegeben. Fig. 4 zeigt einen für den Hybridantrieb eingerichteten Antriebsmotor im Längs- und in Fig. 5 im Querschnitt. Fig. 6 gibt einen Quer­ schnitt durch einen Schwungmassenspeicher und Fig. 7 den Längs­ schnitt durch eine am Vorderachsantrieb angeordnete elektrische Antriebsvariante wieder. In the figures, embodiments of the invention are shown. In Fig. 1 is a two-seater, particularly for professional traffic Be car in side view, in Fig. 2 above the drive parallel to the driving plane cut in plan and finally in Fig. 3 in front view with the right drive side shown in section and dashed lines engine with flywheel memory. Fig. 4 shows a drive motor set up for the hybrid drive in the longitudinal and in Fig. 5 in cross section. Fig. 6 shows a cross section through a flywheel storage and Fig. 7 shows the longitudinal section through an electric drive arranged on the front axle drive again.

In Fig. 8 ist der Längsschnitt durch den automatisch schalten­ den Drehmomentwandler dargestellt. Schließlich gibt Fig. 9 den Längsschnitt durch den Antriebsmotor mit an seiner Frontseite angeordneter Rekuperationseinrichtung wieder. Der in den Abbildungen Fig. 1 bis 3 dargestellte Wagen ist in Fig. 1 in Seitenansicht mit punktiert angegebenem Antrieb, in Fig. 2 im Schnitt oberhalb des Antriebs im Grundriß und in Fig. 3 in Vorderansicht mit geschnittenem rechten Vorderradantrieb wiedergegeben. Der vierradangetriebene, vorwiegend für den Be­ rufs- und Nahverkehr konzipierte Kraftwagen besitzt einen Zwei­ zylinder-Zweitakt-Dieselmotor in Scheibenbauform mit Rechteck­ kolben, Schwingkolbenaufladung und Schwingkolbenzweitdehnung.In Fig. 8 the longitudinal section through the automatically switch the torque converter is shown. Finally, FIG. 9 shows the longitudinal section through the drive motor with a recuperation device arranged on its front side. The carriage shown in the figures Fig. 1 to 3 is shown in Fig. 1 in side view with dotted specified drive, in Fig. 2 in the section above the actuator in plan view and in Fig. 3 in front view with cut right front wheel drive. The four-wheel drive, primarily designed for professional and local traffic, has a two-cylinder, two-stroke disc-shaped diesel engine with rectangular pistons, oscillating piston supercharging and oscillating piston expansion.

Der Verbrennungsmotor ist elektromotorisch mit einem Schwung­ massenspeicher verbunden, welcher Verzögerungsenergie speichert und diese für Zusatzleistung bei erwünscht erhöhter Beschleuni­ gung oder für einen Elektroantrieb verfügbar hält. Hierzu ist der Dieselmotor mit einer zweiten Schaltkupplung ausgerüstet, über die eine, den Motor durchdringende Welle über Zahnräder den Dieselmotor mit dem E-Motor/Generator verbindet.The internal combustion engine is electromotive with one swing mass storage connected, which stores delay energy and this for additional performance with increased acceleration desired supply or for an electric drive. This is the diesel engine is equipped with a second clutch, via the one shaft penetrating the motor via gearwheels connects the diesel engine to the electric motor / generator.

In Fig. 1 ist die Seitenansicht des Kraftwagens mit der den Dach­ aufbau 30 tragenden, einschließlich den Radhäusern gegossenen Fahrzeugwanne 31 dargestellt. Hinter den Sitzen ist zur Verstei­ fung des Karosserieaufbaus der an den hinteren Radhäusern befes­ tigte Spant 32 angebracht. Der in der Mitte der Wanne elastisch gelagerte Antriebsblock besteht aus dem Zweizylinder-Zweitakt- Dieselmotor 1 mit angeflanschtem den Schwungradspeicher aufneh­ menden Gehäuse 12, dem vorderen Achsantrieb 10₁ und dem Dreh­ momentwandler 3. Der Hinterachsantrieb 10₂ steht mit dem Vorder­ achsantrieb über die Silikonkupplung 35 mit der Antriebswelle 31 in Verbindung. Die Dachglocke 33 ist aus einem hochfesten Glas hergestellt und ist außen mit Tellurid beschichtet, um als Solar­ stromquelle zu dienen. Diese Stromquelle kann auch beim Par­ kieren den Schwungradspeicher auf Nenndrehzahl halten. Unter der Glasglocke ist ein verschiebbarer Blendschutz angeordnet. Durch den Solarstrom kann direkt auch die Klimaanlage des Wagens be­ dient werden. In Fig. 1, the side view of the motor vehicle with the roof structure 30 supporting, including the wheel house cast vehicle pan 31 is shown. Behind the seats, the frame 32 attached to the rear wheel arches is attached to reinforce the body structure. The in the middle of the tub mounted elastically drive block consists of the two-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine 1 with flanged the flywheel storage housing 12 , the front axle drive 10 ₁ and the torque converter 3rd The rear axle drive 10 ₂ is connected to the front axle drive via the silicone coupling 35 with the drive shaft 31 . The roof bell 33 is made of a high-strength glass and is coated on the outside with telluride to serve as a solar power source. This current source can also keep the flywheel storage at nominal speed when paring. A sliding glare protection is arranged under the glass bell. The car's air conditioning system can also be operated directly using the solar power.

Das Reserverad 37 ist zugleich als Aufprallschutz bei einem Auffahrtunfall über dem Antriebsblock untergebracht. Außerdem bleibt dadurch das gesamte Wagenheck für Kindersitze und Gepäck verfügbar.The spare wheel 37 is also housed as impact protection in the event of a collision with the drive block. This also means that the entire rear of the car remains available for child seats and luggage.

Im Grundriß Fig. 2, bei dem auch die in Fig. 1 angeordnet sind, ist zusätzlich der Kühler 38 mit seinem Luftzufuhrkanal 39 kennt­ lich gemacht. Neben dem Schwungradspeicher 12 ist die normale Kraftwagenbatterie 40 untergebracht.In the plan in FIG. 2, in which the ones in FIG. 1 are also arranged, the cooler 38 with its air supply duct 39 is also made familiar. In addition to the flywheel storage 12 , the normal motor vehicle battery 40 is accommodated.

In der Vorderansicht Fig. 3 ist in dem Teilschnitt durch das rechte Vorderrad mit Federung und Antrieb die Radaufhängung ver­ deutlicht. Hierzu sind an der Fahrzeugwanne nach oben offene Rohrfortsätze 31₁ an die Radhäuser angegossen, an denen der obe­ re Radlenker 43 aufgehängt ist und die Radlast auf ein Rohr über­ trägt, welches durch die Feder 41, in deren Zentrum der Stoß­ dämpfer sitzt, abgestützt wird. Federung und Stoßdämpfung sind dadurch gekapselt untergebracht.In the front view of Fig. 3, the wheel suspension is clearly shown in the partial section through the right front wheel with suspension and drive. For this purpose, tubular extensions 31 ₁ are cast on to the wheel wells on which the obe re wheel control arm 43 is suspended and the wheel load is borne on the tube, which is supported by the spring 41 , in the center of which the shock absorber is supported . Suspension and shock absorption are encapsulated.

An den Achsantrieben sitzen die Vollscheibenbremsen 10₃. Die An­ triebs- und Bremskräfte werden durch die Welle 10₄ und das Ge­ lenk 10₅ auf das unten am langen Lenker 44 aufgehängte Fahrzeug­ rad übertragen.The solid disc brakes 10 ₃ sit on the axle drives. The drive and braking forces are transmitted through the shaft 10 ₄ and the Ge joint 10 ₅ to the vehicle wheel suspended below on the long link 44 .

In Fig. 4 und 5 ist der Zweitakt-Dieselmotor, welcher für den Antrieb des Kraftwagens der Erfindung besonders geeignet ist, im Längs- und Querschnitt dargestellt. Es ist ein aus fünf Scheiben 1₃ bis 1₇ zusammengesetzter Motor mit Rechteckarbeitskolben und Schwingkolben, welche auf der einen Motorlängsseite die Spül­ luft, auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite bei geschlossenen Einlaß­ schlitzen zusammen mit dem Arbeitskolben eine Zweitdehnung der Arbeitsgase vornehmen, wodurch der Gesamtwirkungsgrad des Motors auf über 50% angehoben wird. Das noch wertvollere Merkmal dieses Motors schafft die mit ihm erreichbare Abgasqualität, welche kein Viertaktdieselmotor und natürlich kein Ottomotor bieten kann. Infolge seiner Frischgas-Abgasberührung beim Spülvorgang wird der NOx-Ausstoß erfahrungsgemäß auf ein Minimum reduziert und ein Rußminimum wird durch die bei einem Ventilzylinderkopf nicht verwendbare lange und enge intensiv bewirbelte Brennkammer gewähr­ leistet. In Figs. 4 and 5, the two-stroke diesel engine which is particularly suitable for the driving of the motor vehicle of the invention, shown in a longitudinal and cross section. It is a composed of five disks 1 ₃ to 1 ₇ engine with rectangular working pistons and oscillating pistons, which on one longitudinal side of the engine air flushing, on the opposite side with closed inlet slit together with the working piston make a second expansion of the working gases, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of the engine is raised to over 50%. The even more valuable feature of this engine is the exhaust gas quality that can be achieved with it, which no four-stroke diesel engine and of course no gasoline engine can offer. Experience has shown that NO x emissions are reduced to a minimum as a result of its fresh gas exhaust gas contact during the purging process, and a soot minimum is ensured by the long and narrow intensely swirled combustion chamber which cannot be used with a valve cylinder head.

Die Hybridlösung des Fahrzeugantriebs wird dadurch erreicht, daß im Motorschwungrad 14 zwei gleich ausgebildete, elektro­ magnetisch betätigte Kupplungen 4 und 5 angeordnet sind, von denen nur die Kupplungsglocke der Kupplung 4 mit dem Schwung­ rad 1₄ verbunden ist und im eingekuppelten Zustand das Motor­ drehmoment auf die Antriebswelle 3₁ des Drehmomentwandlers über­ trägt. Bei der Kupplung 5 steht, lediglich die Lamelle mit der Antriebswelle 3₁ in Verbindung. Angetrieben wird die Kupplung 5 bei elektrischem Einzel- oder Zusatz-Fahrzeugantrieb von der, die hohle Kurbelwelle 1₁ des Motors durchdringende Welle 1₂, welche auf der Motorstirnseite das Zahnrad 1₃ aufweist, welches über ein in Fig. 5 dargestelltes Zwischenrad 1₄ mit dem Zahnrad 1₅ der E-Maschine 9 kämmt.The hybrid solution of the vehicle drive is achieved in that in the engine flywheel 14 two identically designed, electro-magnetically actuated clutches 4 and 5 are arranged, of which only the clutch bell of the clutch 4 is connected to the flywheel 1 ₄ and in the engaged state the engine torque the drive shaft 3 ₁ of the torque converter carries over. When the clutch 5 is, only the plate with the drive shaft 3 ₁ in connection. The clutch 5 is driven by an electric single or additional vehicle drive from the shaft 1 ₂ penetrating the hollow crankshaft 1 ₁ of the engine, which has the gear 1 ₃ on the front side of the engine, which has an intermediate gear 1 ₄ shown in FIG the gear 1 ₅ of the electric machine 9 combs.

Der in Fig. 6 dargestellte Schwungradspeicher 12 weist einen Motor/Generator 14, der mit dem Motor-/Generator 9 verbunden ist, zum Antrieb und zur Stromerzeugung auf. Der Schwungradgenerator besteht aus den gekapselt umlaufenden Speichermassen 12₆ und 12₇, deren Gegenläufigkeit durch die auf, mit der in Umfangsrichtung festen Achse 12₁ verbundenem Kreuzzapfen 12₂ gelagerten Kegel­ ritzel 12₄ und 12₅ hergestellt ist. Die Ritzel wälzen sich auf den Kegelrädern 12₃ und 12₄ ab, wobei das mit der Innensonne 12₈ des Planetengetriebes verbundene Kegelrad 12₅ An- und Abtriebs­ kräfte des Motor/Generators 14 über das Planetengetriebe 12₈ bis 12₁₁ überträgt. Der Anker 14₁ des Motor/Generators ist dazu mit dem Steg 12₁₁ verbunden, dessen Planetenräder 12₁₀ sich in der in Umfangsrichtung festen Glocke abstützen.The flywheel storage 12 shown in FIG. 6 has a motor / generator 14 , which is connected to the motor / generator 9 , for driving and for generating electricity. The flywheel generator consists of the encapsulated rotating storage masses 12 ₆ and 12 ₇, the opposite movement of which is made on the cone pinion 12 ₄ and 12 ₅ mounted on the cross pin 12 ₂ connected to the fixed axis 12 ₁ in the circumferential direction. The pinions roll on the bevel gears 12 ₃ and 12 ₄, the bevel gear connected to the inner sun 12 Inn of the planetary gear 12 ₅ driving and output forces of the motor / generator 14 via the planetary gear 12 ₈ to 12 ₁₁ transmits. The armature 14 ₁ of the motor / generator is connected to the web 12 ₁₁, the planet gears 12 ₁₀ are supported in the circumferential fixed bell.

In Fig. 7 ist eine Antriebslösung dargestellt, bei der der Motor/ Generator des Hybridantriebes 8 am Vorderachsantriebsgehäuse an­ geflanscht ist und über eine Zahnradübersetzung mit der Kupplung 7 verbunden ist, deren Lamelle ebenso wie die Kupplungslamelle 6 der die Verbindung zwischen Verbrennungsmotor 1 und Drehmoment­ wandler 3 herstellenden Kupplung den Drehmomentwandler allein oder gemeinsam antreiben kann. In Fig. 7, a drive solution is shown in which the motor / generator of the hybrid drive 8 is flanged to the front axle drive housing and is connected via a gear ratio to the clutch 7 , the plate of which, like the clutch plate 6, converts the connection between the internal combustion engine 1 and the torque converter 3 manufacturing clutch can drive the torque converter alone or together.

Beim Aufbau des mechanischen Drehmomentwandlers Fig. 8 gemäß DE-OS 41 36 142 und 42 02 737 wurde der Grundsatz befolgt, daß vielschichtige mechanische bzw. hydraulisch-mechanische Lösun­ gen von Automobilgeräten nicht nur erheblich aufwendiger sind als einfache, dieselbe Aufgabe erfüllende, mechanische Lösungen mit komplexer Elektronik, sondern auch störungsfreier. Das bei dem vorliegenden Kraftwagenaufbau angewendete, in Fig. 8 dargestellte sechsstufige Schaltgetriebe ist dieser Maxime fol­ gend gestaltet. Bei jeder Übersetzungsstufe gibt es nur einen Zahn­ eingriff und die Klauenschaltung erfolgt ohne mechanische Syn­ chronisiereinrichtungen mit durch Elektromagnete (3₅ bis 3₁₀) in Zusammenwirken mit einer elektrischen, vom Motorkennfeld programmierten Prozessor gesteuerten Synchronisierbremse bzw. -beschleuniger 3₁₁.When building the mechanical torque converter Fig. 8 according to DE-OS 41 36 142 and 42 02 737, the principle was followed that multilayered mechanical or hydraulic-mechanical solutions of automotive devices are not only considerably more complex than simple mechanical solutions that perform the same task with complex electronics, but also more trouble-free. The applied in the present motor vehicle structure, shown in Fig. 8 six-speed manual transmission is designed this maxim fol lowing. At each gear ratio there is only one tooth engagement and the claw switching is carried out without mechanical syn chronizing devices with electromagnets ( 3 ₅ to 3 ₁₀) in cooperation with an electrical synchronizing brake or accelerator 3 ₁₁ which is programmed by the engine map.

In Fig. 9 Ist im Längsschnitt der Motor dargestellt, welcher an seiner Frontseite eine komplette elektrische Rekuperations­ einrichtung aufweist.In Fig. 9, the motor is shown in longitudinal section, which has a complete electrical recuperation device on its front.

Der Normalantrieb des Kraftwagens erfolgt auch bei dieser Lösung durch den Zweizylinder-Zweitakt-Dieselmotor mit Schwingkolben­ aufladung und -zweitdehnung von der trommelförmigen Kurbelwelle 1₁ aus über die elektrisch zu öffnende Kupplung 4, den Drehmoment­ wandler 3 auf die Achsantriebe 10₁ und 10₂. Die wie die Kupplung 4 aufgebaute Kupplung 5, deren Reibungslamellen mit der Antriebs­ welle 3₁ des Drehmomentwandlers verbunden sind, ist mit ihrer Glocke 3₁ an die den Motor durchdringende Welle 1₂ mit dem Anker 2₁ der Wechselstrommaschine mit Ständer 2₂ angeschlossen. Der auf einem Fortsatz 1₃ der Kurbelwelle 1₂ über ein Wälzlager abge­ stützte, als Schwungmasse ausgebildete Anker 11₁, welcher konzen­ trisch zum Ständer 2₂ im Ständer 11₂ mit hoher Drehzahl umläuft, dient als Energiespeicher bei Verzögerungsvorgängen und gibt seine Speicherenergie bei Beschleunigungsvorgängen über seinen mit dem Ständer 11₂ elektrisch verbundenen Ständer 2₂ und von dort über den Anker 2₁ und die Kupplung 4 an den Fahrzeugantrieb ab und kann allein auch zeitlich begrenzt das Fahrzeug bei abge­ schaltetem Verbrennungsmotor antreiben.The normal drive of the motor vehicle is also in this solution by the two-cylinder two-stroke diesel engine with oscillating piston supercharging and expansion from the drum-shaped crankshaft 1 ₁ via the electrically open clutch 4 , the torque converter 3 to the axle drives 10 ₁ and 10 ₂. Which, like the coupling 4 built up clutch 5, the friction lamellae shaft with the drive 3 ₁ of the torque converter are connected is, to the engine penetrating shaft 1 ₂ connected with its bell 3 ₁ with the armature 2 ₁ of the alternator with stator 2 ₂. The supported on an extension 1 ₃ of the crankshaft 1 ₂ via a roller bearing, designed as a flywheel armature 11 ₁, which concentrically rotates to the stator 2 ₂ in the stator 11 ₂ at high speed, serves as an energy store for deceleration processes and gives its storage energy during acceleration processes via its stand 11 ₂ electrically connected to the stand 2 ₂ and from there via the armature 2 ₁ and the coupling 4 to the vehicle drive and can also drive the vehicle for a limited time only when the internal combustion engine is switched off.

Claims (4)

1. Mit Verbrennungs- und Elektromotor ausgerüsteter Kraftwagen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der den Motoren (1, 2, 8, 9) nachgeschaltete Drehmomentwandler (3) an seinem Eingang zwei hintereinander angeordnete Schaltkupplungen (4, 5, 6, 7) aufweist, von denen die eine Kupplung (4) den Verbren­ nungsmotor (1) und die zweite Kupplung (5, 7) den auch als Generator betriebenen Elektromotor (2, 8, 9) über den Dreh­ momentwandler (3) mit dem Achsantrieb (10₁, 10₂) verbindet, wodurch sowohl ein Antrieb des Kraftwagens vom Verbrennungs­ motor (1) als auch vom Elektromotor (2; 8; 9) allein sowie von beiden gemeinsam und andererseits ein Antrieb der als Generatoren wirkenden Elektromotoren (2; 8; 9) vom Achsan­ trieb (10₁, 10₂) aus erfolgen kann.1. Combustion and electric motor equipped motor vehicle, characterized in that the motors ( 1 , 2 , 8 , 9 ) downstream torque converter ( 3 ) has two switching clutches ( 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ) arranged one behind the other at its input which the one clutch ( 4 ) the combus- tion engine ( 1 ) and the second clutch ( 5 , 7 ) also the electric motor operated as a generator ( 2 , 8 , 9 ) via the torque converter ( 3 ) with the final drive ( 10 ₁, 10 ₂) connects, whereby both a drive of the motor vehicle from the internal combustion engine ( 1 ) and from the electric motor ( 2 ; 8 ; 9 ) alone and from both together and on the other hand a drive of the electric motors acting as generators ( 2 ; 8 ; 9 ) from the axle drive ( 10 ₁, 10 ₂) can be made. 2. Kraftwagen nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine, die als gegossener Hohlkörper ausgebildete Kurbelwelle (1₁) im Zentrum bis zur Motorfront durchdringende Welle (1₂), welche die Verbindung zwischen Kupplung (5) und Anker (2₁) des Motorgenerators (2) direkt oder über Zahnräder (1₃ bis 1₅) mit dem Anker des Motorgenerators (9) herstellt.2. Motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized by a, designed as a cast hollow body crankshaft ( 1 ₁) in the center to the engine front penetrating shaft ( 1 ₂), which connects the coupling ( 5 ) and armature ( 2 ₁) of the motor generator ( 2 ) directly or via gears ( 1 ₃ to 1 ₅) with the armature of the motor generator ( 9 ). 3. Kraftwagen nach Anspruch 1 und 2, gekennzeichnet durch einen mit Motorgenerator (14) ausgerüstetem Schwungmassen­ speicher (12), der vom Motorblock getrennt im Fahrzeug un­ tergebracht oder dessen Gehäuse an das Kurbelgehäuse des Motors (1) angeflanscht ist und dessen mit gegenüber dem Motor (1) vervielfachten Drehzahl gegenläufig rotierende Schwungmassen (12₆, 12₇) ihre bei Verzögerungsvorgängen - mit stillgesetztem oder auf Leerlauf gestelltem Motor (1) - über den Motorgenerator (14) gelieferte Energie bei an­ schließendem Beschleunigungsvorgang über den als Motor wirkenden Generator (2; 9) sowie Kupplung (5) und Drehmo­ mentwandler (3) beisteuern.3. Motor vehicle according to claim 1 and 2, characterized by a motor generator ( 14 ) equipped flywheel memory ( 12 ) which is housed separately from the engine block in the vehicle un or whose housing is flanged to the crankcase of the engine ( 1 ) and whose opposite to Motor ( 1 ) multiplies the speed of the counter rotating rotating masses ( 12 ₆, 12 ₇) their energy delivered during the deceleration processes - with the motor stopped or idling ( 1 ) - via the motor generator ( 14 ) with subsequent acceleration via the generator acting as motor ( 2 ; 9 ) as well as clutch ( 5 ) and torque converter ( 3 ). 4. Kraftwagen nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der aus Anker (2₁) und Ständer (2₂) bestehende, an der Frontseite des Motors (1) angebrachte Motorgenerator von einem, auf dem Kurbelwellenfortsatz (1₁₀) gelagerten, auf seinem Außenumfang mit einer Kurzschlußwicklung ausgerüs­ teten Schwungrad (11₁) umgeben ist, welches als Anker eines im Deckel (1₁₁) angebrachten Stators (11₂) dient, wobei bei einer Fahrzeugverzögerung das als Anker ausgebildete Schwungrad (11₁) mit Strom aus dem Motorgenerator (2₁; 2₂) beschleu­ nigt wird und zum Beschleunigen des Fahrzeugs nach dem Bremsvorgang der vom schneller laufenden Schwungrad (11₁) in dem Stator (11₂) induzierte Strom zum Antrieb des Motorgenera­ tors (2₁, 2₂) verwendet wird.4. Motor vehicle according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the armature ( 2 ₁) and stand ( 2 ₂), on the front of the engine ( 1 ) attached motor generator from one, mounted on the crankshaft extension ( 1 ₁₀), is surrounded on its outer circumference with a short-circuit winding ausgerüs ended flywheel (11 ₁), which serves as an anchor of a mounted in the lid (1 ₁₁) stator (11 ₂) being made at a vehicle deceleration which is designed as armature flywheel (11 ₁) with electricity the motor generator ( 2 ₁; 2 ₂) is accelerated and to accelerate the vehicle after braking, the current induced by the faster running flywheel ( 11 ₁) in the stator ( 11 ₂) to drive the motor generator ( 2 ₁, 2 ₂) is used.
DE4318065A 1993-06-01 1993-06-01 Motor car equipped with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor Ceased DE4318065A1 (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19804204A1 (en) * 1998-02-03 1999-08-12 Tax Technical Consultancy Gmbh Vehicle for moving loads
DE102004037181A1 (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-03-23 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Drive for electric vehicle has electric motor(s) with drive connection to drive wheel(s) exclusively via regulated frictional clutch integrated into drive train or hydrodynamic torque converter with regulated bridging clutch
DE102007004172A1 (en) * 2007-01-27 2008-07-31 Volkswagen Ag Motor vehicle e.g. zero emission vehicle, has generator activated and/or deactivated in parking condition of vehicle and started after activation of drive, where disconnection of drive of generator is carried out after deactivation
DE102009010095A1 (en) 2009-02-24 2010-08-26 Walter Paulsen Hybrid vehicle for electrical and/or thermal power supply of building, has connections formed as external interface to object for electrical and/or thermal power supply of object in standstill condition of vehicle
DE102009046366A1 (en) * 2009-11-04 2011-05-05 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Hybrid vehicle transmission
ITMI20092054A1 (en) * 2009-11-23 2011-05-24 Piaggio & C Spa FOUR WHEEL VEHICLE
CN110271400A (en) * 2019-06-10 2019-09-24 钟炽昌 Motor inputs the dual-purpose Permanent magnet DC structure engine of electronic output power generation and starting operation method

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19804204A1 (en) * 1998-02-03 1999-08-12 Tax Technical Consultancy Gmbh Vehicle for moving loads
DE19804204C2 (en) * 1998-02-03 2001-03-22 Tax Technical Consultancy Gmbh Vehicle for moving loads
DE102004037181A1 (en) * 2004-07-30 2006-03-23 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Drive for electric vehicle has electric motor(s) with drive connection to drive wheel(s) exclusively via regulated frictional clutch integrated into drive train or hydrodynamic torque converter with regulated bridging clutch
DE102007004172A1 (en) * 2007-01-27 2008-07-31 Volkswagen Ag Motor vehicle e.g. zero emission vehicle, has generator activated and/or deactivated in parking condition of vehicle and started after activation of drive, where disconnection of drive of generator is carried out after deactivation
DE102009010095A1 (en) 2009-02-24 2010-08-26 Walter Paulsen Hybrid vehicle for electrical and/or thermal power supply of building, has connections formed as external interface to object for electrical and/or thermal power supply of object in standstill condition of vehicle
DE102009046366A1 (en) * 2009-11-04 2011-05-05 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Hybrid vehicle transmission
US8480525B2 (en) 2009-11-04 2013-07-09 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Hybrid vehicle transmission
ITMI20092054A1 (en) * 2009-11-23 2011-05-24 Piaggio & C Spa FOUR WHEEL VEHICLE
CN110271400A (en) * 2019-06-10 2019-09-24 钟炽昌 Motor inputs the dual-purpose Permanent magnet DC structure engine of electronic output power generation and starting operation method

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