DE4317621C1 - Processing a component by means of ultrasound - Google Patents

Processing a component by means of ultrasound

Info

Publication number
DE4317621C1
DE4317621C1 DE19934317621 DE4317621A DE4317621C1 DE 4317621 C1 DE4317621 C1 DE 4317621C1 DE 19934317621 DE19934317621 DE 19934317621 DE 4317621 A DE4317621 A DE 4317621A DE 4317621 C1 DE4317621 C1 DE 4317621C1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
sonotrode
welding
ultrasound
control unit
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Revoked
Application number
DE19934317621
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Thomas Dipl Ing Wagner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority to DE19934317621 priority Critical patent/DE4317621C1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE4317621C1 publication Critical patent/DE4317621C1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
    • B23K20/10—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81427—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth
    • B29C66/81429—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined comprising a single ridge, e.g. for making a weakening line; comprising a single tooth comprising a single tooth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/92311—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools with special measurement means or methods
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/924—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9261—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by controlling or regulating the displacement of the joining tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/929—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges
    • B29C66/9292—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. pressure diagrams
    • B29C66/92921—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools characterized by specific pressure, force, mechanical power or displacement values or ranges in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. pressure diagrams in specific relation to time, e.g. pressure-time diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/932—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by measuring the speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/861—Hand-held tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/863—Robotised, e.g. mounted on a robot arm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9221—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force or the mechanical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/942—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time by measuring the time
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9512—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by controlling their vibration frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/951—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools
    • B29C66/9516—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 by measuring or controlling the vibration frequency and/or the vibration amplitude of vibrating joining tools, e.g. of ultrasonic welding tools by controlling their vibration amplitude
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/95—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94
    • B29C66/959—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables
    • B29C66/9592—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling specific variables not covered by groups B29C66/91 - B29C66/94 characterised by specific values or ranges of said specific variables in explicit relation to another variable, e.g. X-Y diagrams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/737—Articles provided with holes, e.g. grids, sieves

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Appts. (1) for processing a component of joining two components (3,4) by means of ultrasound incorporates an ultrasonic welding unit (5) with a converter (6) and a sonotrode (7).The appts. is provided with a position measuring unit (11) which determines the distance of the sonotrode from the component (3) and is connected to the control unit of the ultrasound generator.The welding parameters for the sonotrode (7) are set by the ultrasound generator (via the converter (6) dependent on the signals from the control unit supplied with data from the position measuring unit (11).The position measuring unit (11) is contactless measuring system (e.g. an optical or acoustic measuring system). Alternatively, it is a contacting system such as, for example, a line potentiometer or a mechanical probe.The appts. (1) is a standard press, a special machine, a hand-held gun, a robot-operated tool, etc..The control unit (which incorporates a personal computer) produces signals for welding parameter such as welding energy, duration, path, feed rate, amplitude, frequency and/or beginning and end of sound application.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten eines Bauteils bzw. zum Verbinden zweier Bauteile mittels Ultraschall, mit einem Ultraschallerzeuger und einer Ultraschallanlage, wobei die Ultraschallanlage eine Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung mit einem Konverter und einer Sonotrode aufweist. Außerdem betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Verbinden zweier Bauteile mittels Ultraschall, bei dem ein Ultraschallerzeuger eine Sonotrode über einen Konverter in Schwingung versetzt. The invention relates to a device for processing a Component or for connecting two components by means of Ultrasound, with an ultrasound generator and one Ultrasound system, the ultrasound system being a Ultrasonic welding device with a converter and one Has sonotrode. The invention also relates to a Method for connecting two components using ultrasound, in which an ultrasound generator has a sonotrode over a Converter vibrated.  

Das Bearbeiten eines Bauteils bzw. das Verbindung von Bauteilen mittels Ultraschall wird in neuzeitigen Fertigungsverfahren immer häufiger verwendet. Mittels dieses Verfahrens werden unter anderem Punkt-, Naht- und Stumpfschweißungen erzielt, indem die Energie von Ultraschallschwingungen konzentriert und dadurch die Schweißstelle plastifiziert und die Materialien miteinander verbunden werden. Die Schwingungen werden über die Sonotrode senkrecht zur Spannkraft der Bauteile übertragen, welche an der Schweißstelle erwärmt werden. Dabei werden Oxydhäute aufgerissen, Rauigkeiten eingeebnet und eine Verschweißung der beiden Bauteile erreicht. Mit dem Schweißverfahren werden vor allem dünne Bleche und Drähte mit dickeren Unterlagen verschweißt, wobei Metalle, wie Aluminium, Kupfer, Messing, Silber, Gold, Titan, Tantal und Molybdän, und insbesondere thermoplastische Kunststoffe jeweils miteinander verbunden werden. Das Ultraschallschweißen hat den Vorteil, daß auch relativ große Bauteile mit relativ kleinen Bauteilen problemlos und sicher miteinander verbindbar sind.The processing of a component or the connection of Components using ultrasound are used in modern times Manufacturing processes are increasingly used. By means of this Procedures include point, seam and Butt welds achieved by the energy of Concentrated ultrasonic vibrations and thereby the Plasticized weld and the materials together get connected. The vibrations are over the sonotrode transmitted perpendicular to the clamping force of the components the welding point. This will be oxide skins torn open, roughness leveled and a weld of the two components. With the welding process mainly thin sheets and wires with thicker ones Underlays welded, whereby metals, such as aluminum, Copper, brass, silver, gold, titanium, tantalum and molybdenum, and in particular thermoplastics be connected to each other. The ultrasonic welding has the advantage that relatively large components with relative small components easily and safely with each other are connectable.

Für hochwertige Schweißverbindungen ist es unbedingt erforderlich, daß stets gleiche Arbeitsbedingungen für die Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung vorliegen. Außerdem sollen weder die miteinander zu verbindenden Bauteile noch die Schweißeinrichtung beschädigt werden. In der Regel werden die einzelnen Schweißparameter empirisch ermittelt und vor Beginn der Verschweißung der Bauteile am Ultraschallerzeuger bzw. an der Ultraschalleinrichtung eingestellt. Ändert sich jedoch zum Beispiel die Dicke des Bauteils, so nimmt in der Regel die Anpreßkraft zu, was eine Temperaturerhöhung der Schweißstelle nach sich zieht.It is essential for high quality welded joints required that always the same working conditions for the Ultrasonic welding device are available. In addition, should neither the components to be joined together nor the The welding device may be damaged. Usually will the individual welding parameters are determined empirically and before  Start of welding the components on the ultrasonic generator or set on the ultrasound device. Changes however, for example the thickness of the component, so increases in the Regulate the contact pressure, which is an increase in temperature Welding point entails.

Aus der EP 421 019 A1 und der DE 39 21 653 A1 ist bekannt, daß die Hubgeschwindigkeit der pneumatischen Vorschubeinrichtung der Sonotrode in Abhängigkeit der Anpreßkraft gesteuert wird. Ferner ist bekannt, daß die Auslösung und Beendigung der Schallabgabe in Abhängigkeit des Hubs oder der Anpreßkraft oder der in das Werkstück eingebrachten Energie gesteuert wird. Bei anderen Anlagen wird die Regelung des Fügevorganges kraftgesteuert oder temperaturgesteuert. Bei diesen Anlagen muß jedoch stets während des Schweißbetriebes die Schweißstelle kontrolliert werden bzw. müssen nach erfolgter Schweißung die einzelnen Schweißstellen stichprobenartigen Kontrollen unterzogen werden, um Fehlschweißung aufzufinden und weitere Fehlschweißungen zu vermeiden, indem der Ultraschallerzeuger und/oder die Schweißeinrichtungen neu eingestellt bzw. justiert werden. Diese Vorgehensweise ist nicht nur umständlich und zeitaufwendig, sie gewährleistet auch keine gleichbleibende Qualität bei der Verschweißung zweier Bauteile. EP 421 019 A1 and DE 39 21 653 A1 disclose that the lifting speed of the pneumatic Feeding device of the sonotrode depending on the Contact pressure is controlled. It is also known that the Triggering and termination of sound emission depending of the stroke or the contact pressure or into the workpiece introduced energy is controlled. With other systems the control of the joining process is force-controlled or temperature controlled. With these systems, however, must always checks the welding point during the welding operation after welding, the individual Spot welds subjected to random checks to find mis-welds and more Avoid mis welds by the ultrasonic generator and / or the welding devices reset or be adjusted. This approach is not only cumbersome and time-consuming, it does not guarantee any consistent quality when welding two Components.  

Aus der EP 208 310 A1 ist ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Regeln des Prozeßverlaufes beim Ultraschallschweißen von Werkstücken bekannt geworden, bei der für die Prozeßvariable für die Regelung die Schweißzeit, Schweißenergie oder Schweißleistung oder die Verformung der zu verschweißenden Werkstücke als Parameter erfaßt werden. Insbesondere bei der Ermittlung der Verformung der Werkstücke können extreme Schwankungen in der Qualität der Schweißstellen auftreten, da das ganze Regelsystem außerordentlich träge ist.EP 208 310 A1 describes a method and a device to regulate the course of the process in ultrasonic welding of Workpieces become known for the process variable for regulation the welding time, welding energy or Welding performance or the deformation of the welded Workpieces can be recorded as parameters. Especially with the Determining the deformation of the work pieces can be extreme Fluctuations in the quality of the welds occur because the whole control system is extremely sluggish.

Ausgehend von einem Stand der Technik gemäß der EP 208 310 A1 liegt der Erfindung daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art derart weiterzubilden, daß mit diesen die Qualitätsschwankungen der Schweißstelle zweier Bauteile wesentlich verringert werden.Starting from a state of the art according to EP 208 310 A1 is therefore the object of the invention, a Device and a method of the type mentioned to develop in such a way that with these Fluctuations in the quality of the weld between two components be significantly reduced.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Ultraschallanlage mit einer Positionsmeßeinheit versehen ist, welche die Position, insbesondere den Abstand der Sonotrode in bezug auf das Bauteil erfaßt, und daß die Positionsmeßeinheit mit einer den Ultraschallerzeuger ansteuernden Steuereinheit verbunden ist.This task is the beginning of a device mentioned type according to the invention solved in that the Provide the ultrasound system with a position measuring unit which is the position, especially the distance of the Sonotrode detected in relation to the component, and that the Position measuring unit with an ultrasound generator driving control unit is connected.

Durch das Anbringen einer Positionsmeßeinheit an der Ultraschallanlage kann die exakte Position der Sonotrode zum Beispiel in bezug auf das Bauteil, d. h. der Abstand der Sonotrode vom Bauteil, erfaßt werden. Aus diesem Abstand bzw. aus der Position bezüglich des Bauteils können Informationen zur Ansteuerung des Ultraschallerzeugers gewonnen werden, wodurch die Güte der Schweißverbindung verbessert werden kann. So kann z. B. exakt bestimmt werden, wann die Sonotrodenspitze auf das Bauteil aufsetzt und wann die gewünschte Eindringtiefe bzw. der gewünschte Vorschub erreicht ist. Auf diese Weise kann z. B. der Beginn der Schallabgabe exakt festgelegt und z. B. der Vorschub von Schnellauf auf Langsamlauf umgestellt werden. Bei Erreichen des Vorschubendes wird dann die Schallabgabe mit oder ohne einer gewissen Haltezeit beendet. Auf diese Weise ist eine hohe Qualität der Schweißverbindung gewährleistet und die Schweißeinrichtung kann auf Veränderungen der Abmessungen der Bauteile, z. B. auf Dickenänderungen usw., unmittelbar reagieren. Änderungen in den Abmessungen der Bauteile bewirken somit keine Qualitätsveränderungen, insbesondere Qualitätseinbußen der Schweißverbindung. Die Steuerung des Ultraschallerzeugers über den Abstand der Sonotrode vom Bauteil hat außerdem den Vorteil, daß die Standzeit der Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung erhöht werden kann, insbesondere kann ein Bruch der Sonotrode aufgrund von Überlastung, falscher Zustellung usw. vermieden werden. Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist vorgesehen, daß die Positionsmeßeinheit als berührungsloses Meßsystem, z. B. als optisches oder akustisches Meßsystem, wie Lasertriangulator oder dergleichen ausgebildet ist. Berührungslose Meßsysteme weisen den Vorteil auf, daß durch den Meßvorgang die Schweißstelle selbst nicht beeinflußt wird und daher eine kontinuierliche Messung erfolgen kann. Außerdem weisen berührungslose Meßsysteme den Vorteil auf, daß sie verschleißfrei arbeiten.By attaching a position measuring unit to the Ultrasound system can determine the exact position of the sonotrode  Example related to the component, i. H. the distance of the Sonotrode of the component can be detected. From this distance or from the position with respect to the component Information on controlling the ultrasound generator be obtained, thereby reducing the quality of the welded joint can be improved. So z. B. be determined exactly when the sonotrode tip touches the component and when the desired depth of penetration or the desired feed is reached. In this way, e.g. B. the beginning of Sound emission exactly defined and z. B. the feed of Fast to slow speed. When reached the feed end is then the sound output with or without a certain hold time ended. That way is one ensures high quality of the welded joint and the Welding device can respond to changes in dimensions the components, e.g. B. on changes in thickness, etc., immediately react. Changes in the dimensions of the components thus do not cause quality changes, in particular Loss of quality of the welded joint. The control of the Ultrasound generator on the distance of the sonotrode from Component also has the advantage that the service life of Ultrasonic welding device can be increased in particular, the sonotrode may break due to Overloading, incorrect delivery, etc. can be avoided. In a preferred embodiment, that the position measuring unit as a non-contact measuring system,  e.g. B. as an optical or acoustic measuring system, such as Laser triangulator or the like is formed. Non-contact measuring systems have the advantage that the welding process itself does not affect the measuring process and therefore a continuous measurement can take place. In addition, non-contact measuring systems have the advantage that they work wear-free.

Bei einem anderen Ausführungsbeispiel ist vorgesehen, daß die Positionsmeßeinheit als berührendes Meßsystem, z. B. als Längenpotentiometer, mechanischer Taster oder dergleichen, ausgebildet ist. Dieses Meßsystem hat den Vorteil, daß es einen einfachen Aufbau aufweist und relativ preiswert ist.In another embodiment it is provided that the position measuring unit as a touching measuring system, e.g. B. as Length potentiometer, mechanical button or the like, is trained. This measuring system has the advantage that it has a simple structure and is relatively inexpensive.

Bei einer Weiterbildung ist vorgesehen, daß die Ultraschallanlage als Standardpresse, Sondermaschine, Handpistole, Roboterwerkzeug oder dergleichen ausgebildet ist. Die Ultraschallanlage ist nicht auf einen speziellen Anlagetyp beschränkt, sondern kann in jeder Fügestation einer Fertigungslinie vorgesehen sein, in der Bauteile mittels Ultraschall miteinander verbunden, insbesondere verschweißt werden.In a further training it is provided that the Ultrasonic system as a standard press, special machine, Hand gun, robot tool or the like is formed is. The ultrasound system is not special System type limited, but can be in any joining station a production line can be provided in the components connected to one another by means of ultrasound, in particular be welded.

Eine besondere einfache Verarbeitung der Meßwerte in der Steuereinheit wird dadurch erzielt, daß diese mit einer Datenverarbeitungsanlage verbunden ist, insbesondere einen Personal-Computer (PC) aufweist. Mittels dieses PC′s können Positionsdaten mit Sollwerten verglichen werden und bei einer Abweichung können entsprechende Steuersignale an den Ultraschallerzeuger ausgegeben werden. Ferner können die Positionswerte gespeichert werden, um sie für einen späteren Vergleich mit anderen aktuellen Positionsmeßwerten heranziehen zu können.A particularly simple processing of the measured values in the Control unit is achieved in that this with a Data processing system is connected, in particular a Has personal computer (PC). Using this PC's can  Position data are compared with target values and at a deviation can corresponding control signals to the Ultrasound generator are issued. Furthermore, the Position values are saved to them for later Comparison with other current position measurements to be able to use.

Bei einer Weiterbildung ist vorgesehen, daß die Steuereinheit mit einem Zeitmeßglied und/oder einer Kraftmeßdose verbunden ist. Über das Zeitmeßglied kann vorteilhaft die Geschwindigkeit der Sonotrode bestimmt werden. Wird nun die Sonotrode in Richtung auf ein Bauteil verfahren und sitzt die Sonotrode auf dem Bauteil auf, dann ändert sich die Zustellgeschwindigkeit der Sonotrode, was augenblicklich über die Steuereinheit erfaßt wird und entsprechende Steuerdaten an den Ultraschallerzeuger ausgegeben werden. Eine andere Ausführungsform sieht vor, daß über eine Kraftmeßdose erfaßt werden kann, wann die Sonotrode auf dem Bauteil aufsitzt.In a further training it is provided that the Control unit with a timer and / or Load cell is connected. Via the timer advantageously determines the speed of the sonotrode become. Now the sonotrode is directed towards a component move and the sonotrode sits on the component, then the feed rate of the sonotrode changes what is instantaneously detected via the control unit and corresponding control data to the ultrasound generator be issued. Another embodiment provides that can be detected via a load cell when the Sonotrode sits on the component.

Die oben genannte Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Positionen, insbesondere der Abstand der Sonotrode in bezug auf das Bauteil gemessen und der Meßwert einer Steuereinheit zugeleitet und in der Steuereinheit zu Steuersignalen verarbeitet wird, und daß der Ultraschallerzeuger in Abhängigkeit dieser Steuersignale Schweißparameter für die Sonotrode einstellt.The above task is carried out in a method of initially mentioned type solved according to the invention in that the positions, especially the distance of the sonotrode in measured with respect to the component and the measured value of a Control unit fed and in the control unit too Control signals is processed, and that the  Ultrasound generator depending on these control signals Sets welding parameters for the sonotrode.

In Abhängigkeit der Position der Sonotrode, z. B. der Abstand der Sonotrode vom Bauteil, wird also z. B. die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit der Sonotrode verändert, die Schallabgabe ein- bzw. ausgeschaltet usw. und dadurch gezielt auf die Schweißverbindung eingewirkt.Depending on the position of the sonotrode, e.g. B. the distance the sonotrode of the component, so z. B. the Feed rate of the sonotrode changed that Sound emission switched on or off etc. and thereby acted specifically on the welded joint.

Dadurch, daß neben der Position der Sonotrode in bezug auf das Bauteil der Zeitablauf gemessen und/oder die Anpreßkraft der Sonotrode erfaßt wird, können z. B. durch die Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit der Sonotrode weitere Steuerdaten erzeugt werden, durch die ebenfalls Einfluß auf die Schweißverbindung genommen werden kann.The fact that next to the position of the sonotrode in relation to the component measured over time and / or the contact pressure the sonotrode is detected, z. B. by determination the speed of the sonotrode further control data are generated, which also influence the Weld connection can be made.

Bevorzugt stellt die Steuereinheit die Schweißparameter mit Hilfe eines oder mehrerer Kennfelder ein. Kennfelder sind z. B. bereits aus modernen Zündanlagen für Kraftfahrzeuge bekannt, wo ebenfalls mehrere Fahrzeugdaten zueinander in Beziehung gesetzt und die entsprechenden Zündparameter bestimmt werden. Anhand des bzw. der Kennfelder können somit nicht nur einzelne Schweißparameter, wie Amplitude oder Anpreßkraft, eingestellt werden, sondern es können eine Vielzahl von Schweißparametern gleichzeitig oder nacheinander verändert werden. So können z. B. die Schweißenergie, die Schweißzeit, die Haltezeit, der Schweißweg, der Hub, die Hubgeschwindigkeit, die Anpreßkraft, die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit, die Amplitude, die Frequenz, der Beginn bzw. das Ende der Schallabgabe usw. geregelt werden. Diese Aufzählung soll nicht abschließend verstanden werden.The control unit preferably provides the welding parameters Using one or more maps. Maps are e.g. B. already from modern ignition systems for motor vehicles known where also several vehicle data to each other in Relationship set and the corresponding ignition parameters be determined. Based on the map (s) you can not just individual welding parameters such as amplitude or Contact pressure, can be set, but it can be Large number of welding parameters at the same time or can be changed one after the other. So z. B. the Welding energy, the welding time, the holding time, the  Welding path, the stroke, the stroke speed, the Contact pressure, the feed rate, the amplitude, the Frequency, the start or end of sound emission, etc. be managed. This list is not intended to be exhaustive be understood.

Bevorzugt werden die Meßwerte mit einem Toleranzfeld verglichen. Auf diese Weise kann die Güte der Schweißverbindung innerhalb gewisser Toleranzen gehalten werden. Bei Abweichungen der Meßwerte aus dem Toleranzfeld werden die Steuersignale für die Schweißparameter so geändert, daß die Meßwerte wieder zurück in das Toleranzfeld wandern. Durch diese Regelung, was über Kennfelder erfolgen kann, wird eine optimale Qualitätssicherung erzielt.The measured values with a tolerance field are preferred compared. In this way, the goodness of the Welded connection kept within certain tolerances become. If the measured values deviate from the tolerance range the control signals for the welding parameters are like this changed that the measured values back into the tolerance field hike. Through this regulation, what is done via maps optimal quality assurance is achieved.

Eine vorteilhafte Verwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bzw. des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird im Abschweißen von Nieten, Punktschweißen oder Einbetten von Metallteilen gesehen.An advantageous use of the invention Device and the inventive method is in Welding rivets, spot welding or embedding Seen metal parts.

Weitere Vorteile, Merkmale und Einzelheiten der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, in der unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele im einzelnen beschrieben sind. Dabei ist in der Zeichnung der Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung lediglich prinzipiell wiedergegeben. Es zeigen: Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description, in which particularly preferred with reference to the drawing Embodiments are described in detail. Here is in the drawing the structure of the invention Device only reproduced in principle. Show it:  

Fig. 1 eine Seitenansicht einer Ultraschallanlage; Fig. 1 is a side view of an ultrasonic system;

Fig. 2 die Sonotrodenspitze mit einer anderen Meßeinheit; Fig. 2, the horn tip with another unit;

Fig. 3 die Sonotrodenspitze mit einer dritten Meßeinheit; und Fig. 3, the sonotrode tip having a third measuring unit; and

Fig. 4 ein Diagramm, den Abstand der Sonotrode in Bezug auf das Bauteil über der Zeit zeigend. Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the distance of the sonotrode with respect to the component over time.

In der Fig. 1 ist insgesamt mit 1 eine Ultraschallanlage bezeichnet, die zum Beispiel als Schweißpresse, Mehrkopfautomat, Roboterwerkzeug, Handpistole oder dergleichen ausgeführt sein kann. Dabei ist in der Zeichnung diese Ultraschallanlage 1 lediglich schematisch wiedergegeben, und es sind nur die zum Verständnis der Erfindung erforderlichen Elemente gezeigt. Die Ultraschallanlage 1 ist mit einer nicht dargestellten Steuereinheit wie einem Ultraschallerzeuger verbunden.In FIG. 1, an ultrasound system is denoted overall by 1 , which can be designed, for example, as a welding press, multi-head machine, robot tool, hand gun or the like. This ultrasound system 1 is shown only schematically in the drawing, and only the elements necessary for understanding the invention are shown. The ultrasound system 1 is connected to a control unit, not shown, such as an ultrasound generator.

Die Ultraschallanlage 1 ist oberhalb eines nur schematisch wiedergegeben Schallreflektors 2 angeordnet, auf dem die miteinander zu verbindenden Werkstücke bzw. Bauteile 3 und 4 aufliegen und gegebenenfalls eingespannt sind. Bei dem in der Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Bauteil 4 als Niet ausgebildet, welches das Bauteil 3 durchdringt und zum Abschweißen vorgesehen ist. Oberhalb der Bauteile 3 und 4 befindet sich eine Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung 5, die an ihrem oberen Ende mit einem Konverter 6 und an ihrem unteren Ende mit einer Sonotrode 7 versehen ist. Zwischen dem Konverter 6 und der Sonotrode 7 kann ein Booster 8 vorgesehen sein. Über einen Linearantrieb 9 kann die Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung 5 angehoben bzw. auf die Bauteile 3 und 4 abgesenkt werden, so daß sie mit einer bestimmten Anpreßkraft auf diesen aufliegt.The ultrasound system 1 is arranged above a sound reflector 2, which is only shown schematically, on which the workpieces or components 3 and 4 to be connected rest and are optionally clamped. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the component 4 is designed as a rivet which penetrates the component 3 and is provided for welding. Above components 3 and 4 there is an ultrasonic welding device 5 , which is provided with a converter 6 at its upper end and with a sonotrode 7 at its lower end. A booster 8 can be provided between the converter 6 and the sonotrode 7 . The ultrasonic welding device 5 can be raised or lowered onto the components 3 and 4 via a linear drive 9 , so that it rests on them with a certain contact pressure.

In unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zur Sonotrodenspitze 10 ist eine Positionsmeßeinheit 11 vorgesehen, die berührungslos die Position der Sonotrode 7 in bezug auf das Bauteil 3 mißt. Die Positionsmeßeinheit ist als optisches Meßsystem, z. B. als Lasertriangulator, ausgeführt. Mit dieser Positionsmeßeinheit kann eine Kennlinie ermittelt werden, wie sie z. B. in Fig. 4 dargestellt ist.A position measuring unit 11 is provided in the immediate vicinity of the sonotrode tip 10 and measures the position of the sonotrode 7 in relation to the component 3 without contact. The position measuring unit is used as an optical measuring system, e.g. B. executed as a laser triangulator. With this position measuring unit, a characteristic curve can be determined as it is e.g. B. is shown in Fig. 4.

Die in der Fig. 4 gezeigte Kennlinie 12 stellt den Abstand a der Positionsmeßeinheit 11 von der Oberfläche des Bauteils 3 über der Zeit t dar. Im Arbeitspunkt 13 zur Zeit t = 0 wird die Sonotrode 7 über den Linearantrieb 9 in Richtung auf das Bauteil 3 verschoben. Dabei ändert sich der Abstand der Sonotrode gemäß dem Ast 14 der Kennlinie 12 bis zum Knickpunkt 15, wo die Sonotrodenspitze 10 auf der Oberfläche des Bauteils 4 aufsitzt. Die Anpreßkraft des Linearantriebs 9 ist so bemessen, daß sie nicht ausreicht, die Sonotrode weiterzubewegen. Die Sonotrode 7 verharrt also durch Anlage am Bauteil 4 in dieser Position. Nach Ablauf einer kurzen Zeitspanne wird im Arbeitspunkt 16 die Ultraschallabgabe eingeschaltet und gegebenenfalls der Anpreßdruck erhöht. Durch Materialerweichung und gegebenenfalls durch den höheren Anpreßdruck verringert der Abstand von Sonotrodenspitze 10 und Bauteil 3 gemäß dem Ast 17 der Kennlinie 12. Im Arbeitspunkt 18 hat die Sonotrodenspitze ihren maximalen Vorschub erreicht und wird angehalten. Die Sonotrodenspitze verharrt in diesem Abstand eine gewisse Zeit und wird ab dem Arbeitspunkt 19 bis zum Arbeitspunkt 20 in die Ausgangsstellung zurückgefahren.The characteristic curve 12 shown in FIG. 4 represents the distance a of the position measuring unit 11 from the surface of the component 3 over the time t. At the operating point 13 at the time t = 0, the sonotrode 7 is moved via the linear drive 9 in the direction of the component 3 postponed. The distance of the sonotrode changes according to the branch 14 of the characteristic curve 12 to the break point 15 , where the sonotrode tip 10 is seated on the surface of the component 4 . The contact pressure of the linear drive 9 is such that it is not sufficient to move the sonotrode further. The sonotrode 7 thus remains in this position by contact with the component 4 . After a short period of time, the ultrasound delivery is switched on at operating point 16 and the contact pressure is increased if necessary. Due to material softening and possibly due to the higher contact pressure, the distance between the sonotrode tip 10 and the component 3 is reduced according to the branch 17 of the characteristic curve 12 . At working point 18 , the tip of the sonotrode has reached its maximum feed and is stopped. The sonotrode tip remains at this distance for a certain time and is moved back to the starting position from the working point 19 to the working point 20 .

In Fig. 4 ist erkennbar, daß der Ast 17 der Kennlinie 12 ein Toleranzfeld 21 durchläuft. Solange der Ast 17 nicht seitlich aus dem Toleranzfeld 21 ausbricht, läuft der Schweißvorgang innerhalb festgesetzter Toleranzwerte ab. Ist jedoch die Schallabgabe zu groß bzw. der Anpreßdruck der Sonotrode 7 auf das Bauteil 4 zu hoch, dann läuft die Kennlinie aus dem Toleranzfeld 21 heraus, was andeutungsweise mit dem Ast 22 dargestellt ist. Entsprechendes gilt bei zu geringer Schallabgabe bzw. bei zu geringem Anpreßdruck, wo die Kennlinie nach oben aus dem Toleranzfeld 21 herausläuft, wie andeutungsweise mit dem Ast 23 dargestellt. Sollte dies der Fall sein, wird durch entsprechende Veränderung der Parameter für die Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung 5 der Verlauf der Kennlinie 12 korrigiert, so daß sie innerhalb des Toleranzfeldes 21 bleibt.In FIG. 4, it is seen that the branch 17 of the characteristic curve 12, a tolerance zone 21 passes. As long as the branch 17 does not laterally break out of the tolerance zone 21 , the welding process takes place within fixed tolerance values. However, if the sound output is too great or the contact pressure of the sonotrode 7 on the component 4 is too high, the characteristic curve runs out of the tolerance field 21 , which is indicated by the branch 22 . The same applies correspondingly if the sound emission is too low or if the contact pressure is too low, where the characteristic curve runs out of the tolerance field 21 , as indicated by the branch 23 . If this is the case, the course of the characteristic curve 12 is corrected by changing the parameters for the ultrasonic welding device 5 accordingly, so that it remains within the tolerance range 21 .

Durch eine Zeiterfassung neben der Messung der Position der Sonotrodenspitze bezüglich der Bauteile 3 bzw. 4 kann die Geschwindigkeit der Sonotrode 7 ermittelt werden. Ferner kann über eine Kraftmeßdose parallel der Anpreßdruck ermittelt und zur Steuerung verarbeitet werden.The speed of the sonotrode 7 can be determined by a time recording in addition to the measurement of the position of the sonotrode tip with respect to the components 3 or 4 . Furthermore, the contact pressure can be determined in parallel via a load cell and processed for control.

Die Fig. 2 und 3 zeigen Ausführungsbeispiele der Positionsmeßeinheit 11, die in der Fig. 2 als Längenpotentiometer bzw. in der Fig. 3 als mechanischer Taster ausgeführt ist. Werden zum Beispiel mehrere Taster gemäß Fig. 3 angeordnet, können über diese Taster verschiedene Arbeitspunkte abgetastet werden. Figs. 2 and 3 show embodiments of the position measurement unit 11, which is executed in the FIG. 2 as Längenpotentiometer or in Fig. 3 as a mechanical switch. If, for example, several push buttons are arranged according to FIG. 3, different operating points can be scanned using these push buttons.

Claims (16)

1. Vorrichtung zum Bearbeiten eines Bauteils bzw. zum Verbinden zweier Bauteile (3 und 4) mittels Ultraschall mit einem Ultraschallerzeuger und einer Ultraschallanlage (1), wobei die Ultraschallanlage (1) eine Ultraschallschweißeinrichtung (5) mit einem Konverter (6) und einer Sonotrode (7) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ultraschallanlage (1) mit einer Positionsmeßeinheit (11) versehen ist, welche die Position, insbesondere den Abstand (a), der Sonotrode (7) in bezug auf das Bauteil (3) ermittelt, und daß die Positionsmeßeinheit (11) mit einer den Ultraschallerzeuger ansteuernden Steuereinheit verbunden ist.1. Device for processing a component or for connecting two components ( 3 and 4 ) by means of ultrasound with an ultrasound generator and an ultrasound system ( 1 ), the ultrasound system ( 1 ) being an ultrasound welding device ( 5 ) with a converter ( 6 ) and a sonotrode ( 7 ), characterized in that the ultrasound system ( 1 ) is provided with a position measuring unit ( 11 ) which determines the position, in particular the distance (a), of the sonotrode ( 7 ) with respect to the component ( 3 ), and that the position measuring unit ( 11 ) is connected to a control unit which controls the ultrasound generator. 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Positionsmeßeinheit (11) als berührungsloses Meßsystem, zum Beispiel als optisches oder akustisches Meßsystem, wie Lasertriangulator, ausgebildet ist.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the position measuring unit ( 11 ) is designed as a contactless measuring system, for example as an optical or acoustic measuring system, such as a laser triangulator. 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Positionsmeßeinheit (11) als berührendes Meßsystem, zum Beispiel als Längenpotentiometer, mechanischer Taster oder dergleichen, ausgebildet ist. 3. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the position measuring unit ( 11 ) is designed as a contact measuring system, for example as a length potentiometer, mechanical button or the like. 4. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ultraschallanlage (1) als Standardpresse, Sondermaschine, Handpistole, Roboterwerkzeug ausgebildet ist.4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ultrasound system ( 1 ) is designed as a standard press, special machine, hand gun, robot tool. 5. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuereinheit einen PC aufweist.5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit is a PC having. 6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuereinheit mit einem Zeitmeßglied und/oder einer Kraftmeßdose verbunden ist.6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control unit with a Timepiece and / or a load cell is connected. 7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß durch die Positionsmeßeinheit (11) und das Zeitmeßglied die Geschwindigkeit der Sonotrode (7) erfaßbar ist.7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the speed of the sonotrode ( 7 ) can be detected by the position measuring unit ( 11 ) and the timing element. 8. Verfahren zum Verbinden zweier Bauteile (3 und 4) mittels Ultraschall, insbesondere mit einer Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem ein Ultraschallerzeuger eine Sonotrode (7) über einen Konverter (6) in Schwingungen versetzt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Position, insbesondere der Abstand (a), der Sonotrode (7) in bezug auf das Bauteil (3) gemessen und der Meßwert einer Steuereinheit zugeleitet und in der Steuereinheit zu Steuersignalen verarbeitet wird, und daß der Ultraschallerzeuger in Abhängigkeit dieser Steuersignale die Schweißparameter für die Sonotrode (7) einstellt.8. A method for connecting two components ( 3 and 4 ) by means of ultrasound, in particular with a device according to one of the preceding claims, in which an ultrasound generator vibrates a sonotrode ( 7 ) via a converter ( 6 ), characterized in that the position , in particular the distance (a), the sonotrode ( 7 ) is measured with respect to the component ( 3 ) and the measured value is fed to a control unit and processed into control signals in the control unit, and that the ultrasound generator uses these control signals to determine the welding parameters for the sonotrode ( 7 ) sets. 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuereinheit die Steuersignale für die Schweißparameter mit Hilfe eines oder mehrerer Kennfelder ermittelt.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the control unit the control signals for the Welding parameters using one or more Maps determined. 10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Steuereinheit die Steuersignale für die Schweißparameter, wie Schweißenergie, Schweißzeit, Haltezeit, Schweißweg, Anpreßkraft, Vorschubgeschwindigkeit, Amplitude, Frequenz und/oder Beginn und Ende der Schallabgabe ermittelt.10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized characterized in that the control unit receives the control signals for the welding parameters, such as welding energy, Welding time, holding time, welding distance, contact pressure, Feed rate, amplitude, frequency and / or Start and end of sound emission determined. 11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß neben der Position der Sonotrode (7) in bezug auf das Bauteil (3) der Zeitablauf und/oder die Anpreßkraft der Sonotrode (7) gemessen wird.11. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that in addition to the position of the sonotrode ( 7 ) with respect to the component ( 3 ), the timing and / or the contact pressure of the sonotrode ( 7 ) is measured. 12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Geschwindigkeit der Sonotrode (7) gemessen wird. 12. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the speed of the sonotrode ( 7 ) is measured. 13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schweißvorgang gesteuert oder geregelt wird.13. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized characterized in that the welding process is controlled or is regulated. 14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Meßwerte mit einem Toleranzfeld verglichen werden.14. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized characterized in that the measured values with a tolerance field be compared. 15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Abweichung der Meßwerte aus dem Toleranzfeld die Steuersignale für die Schweißparameter geändert werden.15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that if the measured values deviate from the tolerance range, the Control signals for the welding parameters can be changed. 16. Verwendung einer Vorrichtung gemäß der Ansprüche 1 bis 7 und/oder eines Verfahrens gemäß der Ansprüche 8 bis 15 zum Abschweißen von Nieten, Punktschweißen, Einbetten von Metallteilen, Bahnschweißen, Umformen, Verschweißen von Fügeflächen.16. Use of a device according to claims 1 to 7 and / or a method according to claims 8 to 15 for welding rivets, spot welding, Embedding of metal parts, web welding, forming, Welding of joining surfaces.
DE19934317621 1993-05-27 1993-05-27 Processing a component by means of ultrasound Revoked DE4317621C1 (en)

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WO1996014202A2 (en) * 1994-11-07 1996-05-17 Walter Herrmann Ultraschalltechnik Gmbh Continuous ultrasound machining process and device for webs of material
WO2000041873A1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2000-07-20 Dr. Hielscher Gmbh Method for keeping constant the mean gap width between a sonotrode of an ultrasound system and a tool configured as a counter surface and forming part of an ultrasonic cutting device
DE10301433A1 (en) * 2003-01-16 2004-07-29 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Ultrasonic welding assembly, to weld plastics housings for electrical/electronic sensors, has a light beam from the sonotrode and a position detector at the workpiece holder for relative position correction
DE10301423A1 (en) * 2003-01-16 2004-07-29 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Ultrasonic welding assembly, especially for plastics housing for electrical/electronic sensors, has a sonotrode projecting from a stack with a guide pin to work with a guide drilling at the component holder
DE102006033156A1 (en) * 2006-07-18 2008-01-24 Keiper Gmbh & Co.Kg Structure of a vehicle seat
EP2106899A2 (en) 2008-04-04 2009-10-07 Dukane Corporation Ultrasonic press using servo motor and delayed motion technique
DE102009043200A1 (en) * 2009-09-26 2011-04-21 Continental Automotive Gmbh Method for welding a plastic housing
DE102009043201A1 (en) * 2009-09-26 2011-04-21 Continental Automotive Gmbh Method for welding a plastic housing
DE102009055177A1 (en) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-30 Caradon Stelrad B.V. A method of manufacturing a radiator using ultrasonic welding and a radiator made thereafter
US8052816B2 (en) 2006-05-08 2011-11-08 Dukane Corporation Ultrasonic press using servo motor with delayed motion
DE102010061164A1 (en) * 2010-12-10 2012-06-14 Vorwerk & Co. Interholding Gmbh Method for carrying out plastic-heat riveting, involves heating projecting rivet section and deforming rivet section to rivet head by hot rivet head
DE102011006932A1 (en) * 2011-04-07 2012-10-11 Widmann Maschinen E.K. Apparatus, useful for welding, cutting and/or punching workpieces by ultrasound, comprises ultrasonic sonotrode, and counter tool as well as drive for displacing sonotrode or counter tool independent of ultrasonic welding movement
CN103394802A (en) * 2013-08-08 2013-11-20 金兴汽车内饰股份有限公司 Ultrasonic door panel welding machine
US9144937B2 (en) 2006-05-08 2015-09-29 Dukane Corporation Ultrasonic press using servo motor with delayed motion
WO2015162029A1 (en) * 2014-04-23 2015-10-29 Weber Schraubautomaten Gmbh Device for setting a setting element in a component
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WO2016198545A1 (en) * 2015-06-11 2016-12-15 Woodwelding Ag Anchoring in a lightweight building element
CN106271038A (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-01-04 宁波长晟电子科技有限公司 Automobile door plate ultrasonic wavestrip pre-pressing function Welding head mechanism
US9688017B2 (en) 2013-05-14 2017-06-27 Dukan IAS, LLC Vibration welders with high frequency vibration, position motion control, and delayed weld motion
WO2017160202A1 (en) 2016-03-15 2017-09-21 Ikea Supply Ag Method and device for anchoring an insert in a structure by using a vibration device
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WO1996014202A3 (en) * 1994-11-07 1996-07-04 Walter Herrmann Ultraschalltec Continuous ultrasound machining process and device for webs of material
WO1996014202A2 (en) * 1994-11-07 1996-05-17 Walter Herrmann Ultraschalltechnik Gmbh Continuous ultrasound machining process and device for webs of material
WO2000041873A1 (en) * 1999-01-15 2000-07-20 Dr. Hielscher Gmbh Method for keeping constant the mean gap width between a sonotrode of an ultrasound system and a tool configured as a counter surface and forming part of an ultrasonic cutting device
DE10301433B4 (en) * 2003-01-16 2008-05-29 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Ultrasonic welding machine and method for detecting the position of sonotrodes for component mounting
DE10301433A1 (en) * 2003-01-16 2004-07-29 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Ultrasonic welding assembly, to weld plastics housings for electrical/electronic sensors, has a light beam from the sonotrode and a position detector at the workpiece holder for relative position correction
DE10301423A1 (en) * 2003-01-16 2004-07-29 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Ultrasonic welding assembly, especially for plastics housing for electrical/electronic sensors, has a sonotrode projecting from a stack with a guide pin to work with a guide drilling at the component holder
DE10301423B4 (en) * 2003-01-16 2008-03-27 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Ultrasonic welding machine and method for positioning sonotrodes and component holders
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US9914263B2 (en) 2006-05-08 2018-03-13 Dukane Ias, Llc Ultrasonic press with automatic speed changes in advancing movement of welding stack
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US9849628B2 (en) 2006-05-08 2017-12-26 Dukane Ias, Llc Ultrasonic welding method using delayed motion of welding stack
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DE102010061164A1 (en) * 2010-12-10 2012-06-14 Vorwerk & Co. Interholding Gmbh Method for carrying out plastic-heat riveting, involves heating projecting rivet section and deforming rivet section to rivet head by hot rivet head
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