DE4313581A1 - Economical CFC-free air conditioning plant - Google Patents
Economical CFC-free air conditioning plantInfo
- Publication number
- DE4313581A1 DE4313581A1 DE4313581A DE4313581A DE4313581A1 DE 4313581 A1 DE4313581 A1 DE 4313581A1 DE 4313581 A DE4313581 A DE 4313581A DE 4313581 A DE4313581 A DE 4313581A DE 4313581 A1 DE4313581 A1 DE 4313581A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- air
- recuperative
- cooling
- expansion
- air conditioning
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/044—Systems in which all treatment is given in the central station, i.e. all-air systems
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
- B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
- B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F2003/144—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
- F24F2203/02—System or Device comprising a heat pump as a subsystem, e.g. combined with humidification/dehumidification, heating, natural energy or with hybrid system
- F24F2203/021—Compression cycle
- F24F2203/023—Compression cycle with turbine used for expansion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
- F24F2221/56—Cooling being a secondary aspect
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F6/00—Air-humidification, e.g. cooling by humidification
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Klimaanlagen, besonders von großen Handels- und Passagierschiffen werden für einen sehr großen Leistungsbereich ausgelegt, da sie in der Regel weltweit operieren und die verschiedenen Klimazonen durchqueren. Die Auslegungsdaten und Frischluftanteil dieser Anlagen werden von den zuständigen Behörden vorgeschrieben. Für Klimaanlagen auf deutschen Schiffen z. B. ist die Verwendung von 100% Frischluft vorgeschrieben, d. h. es darf keine Rückluft beigemischt werden.Air conditioning systems, especially from large commercial and passenger ships are designed for a very wide range of performance as they usually operate worldwide and the different climate zones traverse. The design data and fresh air percentage of these Installations are prescribed by the responsible authorities. For Air conditioning systems on German ships e.g. B. is the use of 100% fresh air required, d. H. there must be no return air be added.
Bei herkömmlichen Anlagen erfolgt die Einstellung der Luftfeuchte durch eine Lufttrocknung mit Hilfe der Temperaturabsenkung mit Taupunktunterschreitung. Dabei wird ein Teil der Luftfeuchte abgegeben, anschließend erfolgt eine gezielte Befeuchtung und Nacherwärmung auf die gewünschte Temperatur (1).In conventional systems, the air humidity is set by air drying with the help of temperature reduction Falling below the dew point. Part of the air humidity released, then a targeted moistening and Reheat to the desired temperature (1).
Zur Erwärmung/Abkühlung der Luft werden häufig Luft-Luft-Wärme- Tauscher eingesetzt, um einen Teil der Abluftenergie (Wärme/Kälte) zurückzugewinnen (2). Diese Art der Klimatisierung ist sehr energieintensiv und erfolgt mit Anwendung von Kompressionskältemaschinen mit FCKW-haltigen Kältemitteln.Air-air-heat are often used to heat / cool the air. Exchanger used to part of the exhaust air energy To recover (heat / cold) (2). This type of air conditioning is very energy intensive and is made using Compression chillers with CFC-containing refrigerants.
Die im Patentanspruch 1 angegebene Erfindung benötigt weniger Primärenergie und keine FCKW-haltigen Kühlmittel (besonders im Kühlmodus), nutzt im Heizmodus die auf Schiffen ausreichend zur Verfügung stehende Abwärme (Dampf, Kühlwasser) und wendet mit der KombinationThe invention specified in claim 1 requires less Primary energy and no CFC-containing coolants (especially in Cooling mode), in heating mode uses the sufficient on ships Available waste heat (steam, cooling water) and turns with the combination
- - Energierückgewinnung- energy recovery
- - Luftkältemaschine und- air chiller and
- - Verdunstungskühlung drei umweltfreundliche und ökonomische Verfahren an.- Evaporative cooling three environmentally friendly and economical Procedure.
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Klimaanlage zur Einstellung der Lufttemperatur und der relativen Luftfeuchte, umfassend mindestensThe invention relates to an air conditioning system for adjustment the air temperature and the relative air humidity, comprising at least
- - zwei Wärmetauscher zur Energierückgewinnung- two heat exchangers for energy recovery
- - einen Trockner und eine- a dryer and one
- - Luftkältemaschine zur Kälteerzeugung, wobei die Luftkältemaschine ein Radialventilator mit geringer Geräuschemission sein kann und im Verhältnis zu Kolbenverdichtern einen niedrigen Verschleiß aufweist.- Air chiller for refrigeration, the air chiller a centrifugal fan with low noise emissions can and a low in relation to piston compressors Shows wear.
Es ist bekannt, zur Kälteerzeugung Luftkältemaschinen einzusetzen, die aus einem Luftverdichter, einem Rückkühler und einem Luftexpansionsventil bestehen. Die bei der Luftexpansion frei werdende Kälte wird dabei ausgenutzt.It is known to use air chillers to generate refrigeration, that of an air compressor, a recooler and one Air expansion valve exist. The one that becomes free during air expansion Cold is used here.
Es ist bei fortschrittlichen ökonomischen Klimaanlagen bekannt, Luft-Luftwärmetauscher einzusetzen, ebenso ist der Einsatz von Abwärme zur Luftheizung bekannt. It’s known in advanced economic air conditioners, To use air-air heat exchangers, as is the use of Waste heat known for air heating.
Die Erfindung wird im nachfolgenden Text anhand der Zeichnung als Übersicht beschrieben. In der Zeichnung sind dabei die Komponenten der KlimaanlageThe invention is described in the text below with reference to the drawing Overview described. The components are in the drawing the air conditioning
- - 4 Wärmetauscher- 4 heat exchangers
- - Luftkältemaschine- Air chiller
- - Befeuchter und- humidifier and
- - Wasserabscheider dargestellt.- Water separator shown.
Die Wärmetauscher haben die Aufgabe, die Abluftenergie auszunutzen (WT1) und die verdichtete Luft der Luftkältemaschine abzukühlen (WT2 und WT3). Dabei sind zwei Betriebsfälle zu unterscheiden, Heizen und Kühlen.The heat exchangers have the task of extract air energy exploit (WT1) and the compressed air of the air chiller cool down (WT2 and WT3). There are two operating cases distinguish between heating and cooling.
Beim Heizen wird kalte Frischluft aus der Umgebung vom Zulüfter angesaugt, im WT1 erwärmt und in die Trocken-/Mischkammer gegeben. Hiernach erfolgt mit dem WT4 die Nacherhitzung auf die Solltemperatur. Beim Heizbetrieb ist die Luft hier trocken und es erfolgt eine Befeuchtung im Befeuchter, die vom Befeuchtungsregler abhängig von der Feuchte der Zuluft hinter der Mischkammer eingestellt wird. Die Temperatureinstellung erfolgt in dem mit Kühlwasser beheizten Nachwärmetauscher (WT4). Die Luftkältemaschine ist nicht in Betrieb.When heating, cold fresh air from the surroundings is supplied by the supply fan sucked in, warmed in WT1 and into the drying / mixing chamber given. The WT4 is then used to reheat the Target temperature. In heating mode, the air is dry here and there humidification takes place in the humidifier Humidification controller depending on the humidity of the supply air behind the Mixing chamber is set. The temperature is adjusted in the after-heat exchanger (WT4) heated with cooling water. The Air chiller is not in operation.
Beim Kühlbetrieb wird die warme Frischluft aus der Umgebung angesaugt, im WT1 abgekühlt und im Tropfenabscheider 1 wird die Feuchtigkeit abgeschieden. Jetzt befindet sich die Sprüheinrichtung im rekuperativen Luft-Luft-WT in Betrieb, die der Luftkühlung der Abluft und damit auch der Zuluft dient. Dabei wird der Verdampfungseffekt ausgenutzt. Die kalte Luft dient außerdem zur Rückkühlung der verdichteten Luft im WT1 und wird dann über den Wasserabscheider nach außen geführt.In cooling mode, the warm fresh air is drawn in from the surroundings, cooled in the WT1 and the moisture is separated in the droplet separator 1 . The spray device in the recuperative air-air-WT is now in operation, which serves to cool the exhaust air and thus also the supply air. The evaporation effect is exploited. The cold air also serves to recool the compressed air in the WT1 and is then led outside via the water separator.
Die im Luft-Luft-WT rückgekühlte Frischluft wird mit Hilfe eines Dreiwegeventils aufgeteilt in zwei Volumenströme. Volumenstrom 1 fließt in die Trocken-/Mischkammer und der Volumenstrom 2 strömt dem Radialventilator zu. Hierin erfolgt eine Verdichtung und danach eine Abkühlung im WT1 und WT3. Der Anteil der durch WT3 fließende verdichtete Luft ist abhängig von der Solltemperatur der Frischluft, d. h. der WT3 dient im Kühlbetrieb als Nacherhitzer. Das Wasser, welches im Bereich der Trocken-/Mischkammer und des Befeuchters steht, dient gleichzeitig als Energiespeicher und verbessert die Regelung. Der Befeuchter, Tropfenabscheider und Nacherhitzer werden im Kühlbetrieb nicht benötigt.The fresh air recooled in the air-air-WT is Three-way valve divided into two volume flows. Volume flow 1 flows into the drying / mixing chamber and the volume flow 2 flows the centrifugal fan. This is a compression and then a cooling in WT1 and WT3. The percentage of through WT3 flowing compressed air depends on the target temperature the fresh air, d. H. the WT3 serves as a reheater in cooling mode. The water in the area of the drying / mixing chamber and the humidifier is standing, also serves as an energy store and improves the scheme. The humidifier, droplet separator and reheaters are not required in cooling mode.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4313581A DE4313581A1 (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1993-04-26 | Economical CFC-free air conditioning plant |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4313581A DE4313581A1 (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1993-04-26 | Economical CFC-free air conditioning plant |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE4313581A1 true DE4313581A1 (en) | 1994-10-27 |
Family
ID=6486369
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE4313581A Withdrawn DE4313581A1 (en) | 1993-04-26 | 1993-04-26 | Economical CFC-free air conditioning plant |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE4313581A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0916575A3 (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 2001-08-01 | Koja Marine | Air conditioning system for ships |
-
1993
- 1993-04-26 DE DE4313581A patent/DE4313581A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0916575A3 (en) * | 1997-11-13 | 2001-08-01 | Koja Marine | Air conditioning system for ships |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
8139 | Disposal/non-payment of the annual fee |