DE4310552A1 - Colpitts oscillator - Google Patents

Colpitts oscillator

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Publication number
DE4310552A1
DE4310552A1 DE4310552A DE4310552A DE4310552A1 DE 4310552 A1 DE4310552 A1 DE 4310552A1 DE 4310552 A DE4310552 A DE 4310552A DE 4310552 A DE4310552 A DE 4310552A DE 4310552 A1 DE4310552 A1 DE 4310552A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
emitter
oscillator according
transistor
logic element
collpits
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
DE4310552A
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE4310552C2 (en
Inventor
Reinhardt Dr Liebold
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to DE4310552A priority Critical patent/DE4310552C2/en
Publication of DE4310552A1 publication Critical patent/DE4310552A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE4310552C2 publication Critical patent/DE4310552C2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/027—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback
    • H03K3/03—Astable circuits
    • H03K3/0307—Stabilisation of output, e.g. using crystal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/30—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator
    • H03B5/32—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator
    • H03B5/36—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator active element in amplifier being semiconductor device
    • H03B5/362—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator active element in amplifier being semiconductor device the amplifier being a single transistor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K3/00—Circuits for generating electric pulses; Monostable, bistable or multistable circuits
    • H03K3/02—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses
    • H03K3/027—Generators characterised by the type of circuit or by the means used for producing pulses by the use of logic circuits, with internal or external positive feedback
    • H03K3/03—Astable circuits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
    • H03B2200/0002—Types of oscillators
    • H03B2200/0008—Colpitts oscillator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of oscillators covered by H03B
    • H03B2200/003—Circuit elements of oscillators
    • H03B2200/0034—Circuit elements of oscillators including a buffer amplifier

Abstract

The Colpitts oscillator has a common-collector transistor (TR) and an emitter resistor (RE) and a parallel tuned circuit (Q, C1, C2, C3), which is connected to the base and has two series-connected capacitors (C1, C2). An emitter signal (UE) is fed back to their junction (P1). The emitter signal (UE) is likewise fed to an inverting logic element (N1), the output signal (UA) of which is fed back via a feedback resistor (R3) to the base of the transistor (TR). By this means, a rectangular-wave (square-wave) output signal (UA) having a pulse duty factor of 1:1 is obtained, which signal already has the logic level. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Collpits-Oszillator nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a collpits oscillator according to the Preamble of claim 1.

Aus dem ELV journal 4/91, Seite 64 ist ein Collpits-Oszilla­ tor mit einem Transistor in Kollektorschaltung bekannt, bei dem eine Emitter-Rückkopplung verwendet wird. Weitere Schal­ tungsausführungen sind aus dem Telefunken-Laborbuch, Band 3, 1964, Seite 269 bekannt. Der Schwingkreis enthält zumindest zwei in Serie geschaltete Kapazitäten sowie eine Induktivität oder einen Quarz an deren Stelle. Je nach Schaltungsausfüh­ rung können weitere Kapazitäten als Ziehkondensator oder zur galvanischen Trennung im Schwinkkreis enthalten sein. Zur genauen Frequenzeinstellung kann natürlich auch eine zusätz­ liche Induktivität verwendet werden.A Collpits Oszilla is from ELV journal 4/91, page 64 gate known with a transistor in collector circuit, at which uses an emitter feedback. More scarf versions are from the Telefunken laboratory book, Volume 3, 1964, page 269 known. The resonant circuit contains at least two capacitors connected in series and one inductor or a quartz in their place. Depending on the circuit design tion can be used as a pulling capacitor or for galvanic isolation can be included in the oscillating circuit. For exact frequency setting can of course also an additional inductance.

Die bekannten Collpits-Oszillatoren liefern lediglich geringe Ausgangsspannungen, so daß zur Ansteuerung von digitalen Schaltungen zusätzlich ein Trigger oder ein Verstärkungsele­ ment erforderlich ist. Bei höheren Oszillatorfrequenzen wer­ den entsprechende Anforderungen an die Grenzfrequenz des Ver­ stärkerelements gestellt, um ausreichend steile Signalflanken zu erhalten. Außerdem soll ein temperaturunabhängiges Aus­ gangssignal mit konstantem 1:1-Tastverhältnis abgegeben wer­ den.The well-known Collpits oscillators only deliver a small number Output voltages so that to control digital Circuits additionally a trigger or a gain element ment is required. At higher oscillator frequencies who the corresponding requirements for the cutoff frequency of Ver stronger element to provide sufficiently steep signal edges to obtain. In addition, a temperature-independent off output signal with a constant 1: 1 duty cycle the.

Der im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung liegt das Problem zugrunde, einen Oszillator hoher Stabilität mit einer einfach zu realisierenden Schaltungsanordnung anzugeben, der eine Rechteckspannung mit konstantem Tastverhältnis liefert.The invention specified in claim 1 is the problem based on an oscillator of high stability with a simple specify circuit arrangement to be realized, the one Supplies square wave voltage with constant duty cycle.

Vorteilhaft ist die minimale Anzahl von benötigten Bauelemen­ ten. Durch die Ausführung als Collpits-Oszillator wird eine hohe Stabilität erzielt. Die Rückkopplung vom Ausgang des invertierenden Logikelements steuert den Arbeitspunkt des Transistors stets so, daß ein Ausgangssignal mit 1:1-Tastver­ hältnis mit den gewünschten Logikpegeln abgegeben wird.The minimum number of components required is advantageous The design as a collpits oscillator results in a  achieved high stability. The feedback from the output of the inverting logic element controls the operating point of the Transistors always so that an output signal with 1: 1 Tastver ratio is delivered with the desired logic levels.

Besonders einfach wird die Schaltungsanordnung, wenn die Rückkopplung direkt vom Emitter aus erfolgt und auch der Signaleingang des invertierenden Logikelements an dem Emitter angeschaltet ist.The circuit arrangement becomes particularly simple if the Feedback takes place directly from the emitter and also the Signal input of the inverting logic element on the emitter is switched on.

Ziehkondensatoren, auch als Kapazitätsdioden ausgebildet, können in an sich bekannter Weise im Schwingkreis angeordnet werden.Pulling capacitors, also designed as capacitance diodes, can be arranged in a known manner in the resonant circuit become.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand einer Figur erläutert.An embodiment of the invention is based on a figure explained.

Der in der Figur dargestellte Collpits-Oszillator enthält einen in Kollektorschaltung angeordneten Transistor TR, des­ sen Emitter über einen Emitterwiderstand RE, der auch als Spannungsteiler ausgebildet sein kann, an ein Bezugspotential (Masse) geschaltet ist. Zwischen dem Basisanschluß des Tran­ sistors TR und dem Bezugspotential (wechselspannungsmäßig) liegt ein Parallelschwingkreis, der eine Reihenschaltung zweier Kondensatoren C1 und C2 sowie einem Schwingquarz Q so­ wie einen zur Potentialtrennung und/oder zum Frequenzabgleich dienenden Kondensator C3 enthält. Der Emitter des Transis­ tors TR ist an den Verbindungspunkt P1 der Kondensatoren C1 und C2 sowie an den Signaleingang eines invertierenden Logik­ elements N1 geführt, dessen Ausgang A über einen Rückkopp­ lungswiderstand R3 mit der Basis des Transistors verbunden ist. Der Rückkopplungswiderstand kann in einem großen Bereich schwanken. Bei Logikelementen in TTL-Technik sind Werte zwi­ schen 3,3 und 56 kΩ zweckmäßig.The collpits oscillator shown in the figure contains a transistor TR arranged in the collector circuit, the sen emitter via an emitter resistor RE, which is also called Voltage divider can be formed at a reference potential (Ground) is switched. Between the base connection of the Tran sistor TR and the reference potential (in terms of AC voltage) is a parallel resonant circuit, which is a series connection two capacitors C1 and C2 and a quartz crystal Q so like one for electrical isolation and / or for frequency adjustment serving capacitor C3 contains. The emitter of the transis tors TR is at the connection point P1 of the capacitors C1 and C2 as well as to the signal input of an inverting logic elements N1 guided, the output A via a feedback tion resistor R3 connected to the base of the transistor is. The feedback resistance can be in a wide range vary. For logic elements in TTL technology, values between 3.3 and 56 kΩ appropriate.

Der Collpits-Oszillator arbeitet in bekannter Weise aufgrund der Rückkopplung des Emittersignals UE und der kapazitiven Spannungsteilung durch die Kondensataren C1 und C2. Durch die Rückkopplung vom Ausgang des invertierenden Logikelements N1 wird jedoch der Arbeitspunkt des Transistors so geregelt, daß am Ausgang A eine rechteckförmige Signalspannung mit 1 : 1- Tastverhältnis abgegeben wird.The collpits oscillator operates in a known manner the feedback of the emitter signal UE and the capacitive  Voltage division through the capacitors C1 and C2. Through the Feedback from the output of the inverting logic element N1 However, the operating point of the transistor is controlled so that a rectangular signal voltage of 1: 1- at output A Duty cycle is given.

Es kann dasselbe Versorgungspotential VCC sowohl für den Transistor TR als auch für das invertierende Logikelement N1 verwendet werden; selbstverständlich sind auch getrennte Ver­ sorgungsspannungen möglich.The same supply potential V CC can be used both for the transistor TR and for the inverting logic element N1; separate supply voltages are of course also possible.

Der Schwingquarz Q ist in Fig. 1 zur Potentialtrennung in Serie mit einem Kondensator C3 geschaltet, der auch als Zieh­ kondensator ausgebildet sein kann. Der Schwingkreis kann beliebig ausgeführt werden. Ebenso kann der Schwingquarz durch eine Induktivität L ersetzt werden.The quartz crystal Q is connected in Fig. 1 for electrical isolation in series with a capacitor C3, which can also be designed as a pulling capacitor. The resonant circuit can be designed as required. The quartz crystal can also be replaced by an inductance L.

Claims (7)

1. Collpits-Oszillator mit einem Transistor (TR) in Kollek­ torschaltung und einem zwischen Emitter und einem Bezugspo­ tential liegenden Emitterwiderstand (RE) sowie einem zwischen der Basis des Transistors (TR) und dem Bezugspotential lie­ genden Parallelschwingkreis (Q, C1, C2, C3), der zwei in Reihe geschaltete Kondensatoren (C1, C2) aufweist, auf deren Verbindungspunkt (P1) ein Emittersignal (UE) rückgekoppelt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein invertierendes Logikelement (N1) vorgesehen ist, des­ sen Eingang das Emittersignal (UE) zugeführt ist und dessen Ausgangssignal (UA) über einen Rückkopplungswiderstand (R3) auf der Basis des Transistors (TR) rückgekoppelt ist.1. Collpits oscillator with a transistor (TR) in a collector circuit and an emitter resistor (RE) lying between the emitter and a reference potential, and a parallel resonant circuit (Q, C1, C2, between the base of the transistor (TR) and the reference potential) C3), which has two capacitors (C1, C2) connected in series, on the connection point (P1) of which an emitter signal (UE) is fed back, characterized in that an inverting logic element (N1) is provided, the input of which emittersignal (UE ) is fed and the output signal (UA) is fed back via a feedback resistor (R3) based on the transistor (TR). 2. Collpits-Oszillator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein ohmscher Emitterwiderstand (RE) vorgesehen ist.2. Collpits oscillator according to claim 1, characterized, that an ohmic emitter resistor (RE) is provided. 3. Collpits-Oszillator nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Emitter direkt mit dem Verbindungspunkt (P1) der in Reihe geschalteten Kondensatoren (C1, C2) verbunden ist.3. Collpits oscillator according to claim 2, characterized, that the emitter connects directly to the connection point (P1) of the in Series connected capacitors (C1, C2) is connected. 4. Collpits-Oszillator nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Eingang des invertierenden Logikelements (N1) an den Emitter direkt angeschaltet ist.4. Collpits oscillator according to claim 2 or 3, characterized, that the input of the inverting logic element (N1) to the Emitter is turned on directly. 5. Collpits-Oszillator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü­ che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Schwingkreis (Q, C1, C2, C3) ein Schwingquarz (Q) vor­ gesehen ist, der mit der Reihenschaltung der Kondensatoren (C1, C2) einen Parallelschwingkreis bildet. 5. Collpits oscillator according to one of the preceding claims che, characterized, that in the resonant circuit (Q, C1, C2, C3) a quartz crystal (Q) before seen with the series connection of the capacitors (C1, C2) forms a parallel resonant circuit.   6. Collpits-Oszillator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü­ che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Trenn- oder Ziehkondensator (C3) in Reihe mit dem Schwingquarz (Q) geschaltet ist.6. Collpits oscillator according to one of the preceding claims che, characterized, that a separating or pulling capacitor (C3) in series with the Quartz crystal (Q) is switched. 7. Collpits-Oszillator nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprü­ che, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an den Ausgang (A) des invertierenden Logikelementes (N1) ein zweites Logikelement (N2) angeschaltet ist, dessen Aus­ gang (AI) den Schaltungsausgang bildet,7. Collpits oscillator according to one of the preceding claims che, characterized, that at the output (A) of the inverting logic element (N1) a second logic element (N2) is switched on, its off gear (AI) forms the circuit output,
DE4310552A 1993-03-31 1993-03-31 Colpitts oscillator Expired - Fee Related DE4310552C2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4310552A DE4310552C2 (en) 1993-03-31 1993-03-31 Colpitts oscillator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4310552A DE4310552C2 (en) 1993-03-31 1993-03-31 Colpitts oscillator

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE4310552A1 true DE4310552A1 (en) 1994-10-06
DE4310552C2 DE4310552C2 (en) 1995-05-04

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DE4310552A Expired - Fee Related DE4310552C2 (en) 1993-03-31 1993-03-31 Colpitts oscillator

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2608026C2 (en) * 1976-02-27 1978-03-30 Deutsche Itt Industries Gmbh, 7800 Freiburg Monolithic integrated circuit for an RC oscillator
US4587497A (en) * 1984-12-24 1986-05-06 Motorola, Inc. Low-power low-harmonic transistor oscillator
US4710730A (en) * 1987-03-20 1987-12-01 Motorola, Inc. Data clock oscillator having accurate duty cycle
DE3732906A1 (en) * 1987-09-30 1989-04-13 Thomson Brandt Gmbh VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR WITH A CERAMIC SWINGING QUARTZ

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2608026C2 (en) * 1976-02-27 1978-03-30 Deutsche Itt Industries Gmbh, 7800 Freiburg Monolithic integrated circuit for an RC oscillator
US4587497A (en) * 1984-12-24 1986-05-06 Motorola, Inc. Low-power low-harmonic transistor oscillator
US4710730A (en) * 1987-03-20 1987-12-01 Motorola, Inc. Data clock oscillator having accurate duty cycle
DE3732906A1 (en) * 1987-09-30 1989-04-13 Thomson Brandt Gmbh VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR WITH A CERAMIC SWINGING QUARTZ

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DE-Z.: elrad, 1987, H.10, S.38-41 *
ELV journal H.4, 1991, S.64 *
Telefunken-Laborbuch, Bd.3, 1964, S.269 *

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Publication number Publication date
DE4310552C2 (en) 1995-05-04

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