DE4309716C2 - Process for the separation of waste mixtures - Google Patents

Process for the separation of waste mixtures

Info

Publication number
DE4309716C2
DE4309716C2 DE19934309716 DE4309716A DE4309716C2 DE 4309716 C2 DE4309716 C2 DE 4309716C2 DE 19934309716 DE19934309716 DE 19934309716 DE 4309716 A DE4309716 A DE 4309716A DE 4309716 C2 DE4309716 C2 DE 4309716C2
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
separation
density
mixtures
separating
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
DE19934309716
Other languages
German (de)
Other versions
DE4309716A1 (en
Inventor
Manfred Jost
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baker Hughes Deutschland GmbH
Original Assignee
Deutz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutz AG filed Critical Deutz AG
Priority to DE19934309716 priority Critical patent/DE4309716C2/en
Publication of DE4309716A1 publication Critical patent/DE4309716A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE4309716C2 publication Critical patent/DE4309716C2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B5/00—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating
    • B03B5/28—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation
    • B03B5/30—Washing granular, powdered or lumpy materials; Wet separating by sink-float separation using heavy liquids or suspensions
    • B03B5/44—Application of particular media therefor
    • B03B5/442—Application of particular media therefor composition of heavy media
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0203—Separating plastics from plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0217—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor
    • B29B2017/0237—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference
    • B29B2017/0244—Mechanical separating techniques; devices therefor using density difference in liquids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation Of Solids By Using Liquids Or Pneumatic Power (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung ist auf ein Verfahren zur Trennung von Abfallgemischen, insbesondere Gemische aus Kunst­ stoffen, Verbundstoffen und Metallen, nach ihrer Dichte in einer Trennflüssigkeit mit einer Dichte von größer 1 g/cm3, deren Dichte so gewählt ist, daß sie zwischen den Dichten der zu trennenden Feststoffen liegt, so daß ein Schwimmgut und ein Sinkgut erhalten wird, gerich­ tet.The invention is based on a process for the separation of waste mixtures, in particular mixtures of plastics, composites and metals, according to their density in a separation liquid with a density of greater than 1 g / cm 3 , the density of which is chosen so that it is between the densities of the solids to be separated, so that a floating material and a sinking material is obtained, tet.

Verfahren zur Trennung von Abfallgemischen nach ihrer Dichte sind bekannt. So wird in der DE- PS 29 00 666 über die Trennung von Kunststoffabfällen unterschiedlicher Dichte und Form mit Teilchen von max. 20 mm Kantenlänge in Hydrozyklonen berichtet. In dieser Patentschrift wird vorgeschlagen, für Dichten oberhalb von 1 g/m3 als Trennflüssigkeit eine Mischung aus Wasser und NaCl (Kochsalz) oder CaCl2 zu verwen­ den.Methods for separating waste mixtures according to their density are known. So in DE-PS 29 00 666 on the separation of plastic waste of different density and shape with particles of max. 20 mm edge length reported in hydrocyclones. In this patent it is proposed to use a mixture of water and NaCl (sodium chloride) or CaCl 2 for densities above 1 g / m 3 as the separating liquid.

Nach erfolgter Trennung der Feststoffe müssen nach­ teilig die Feststoffe in einem weiteren Verfahrensschritt mit Wasser abgebraust werden, um anhaftende Trenn­ flüssigkeit zu entfernen, da andernfalls insbesondere das störende Chlor als Verunreinigung in den Feststoffen verbleibt (auch bei sorgfältiger Waschung können bei bekannten Verfahren geringe verbleibende Anteile an NaCl und/oder CaCl2 in den Kunststofffraktionen nicht ausgeschlossen werden und dadurch unerwünschtes Chlor in den nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritt gelan­ gen).After the solids have been separated, the solids must be partially rinsed off with water in a further process step in order to remove adhering separating liquid, since otherwise the disruptive chlorine in particular remains as an impurity in the solids (even with careful washing, small amounts can remain in known processes of NaCl and / or CaCl 2 in the plastic fractions cannot be ruled out and undesirable chlorine is thus obtained in the subsequent process step).

Das bei dem Waschvorgang anfallende, die Salze CaCl2 oder NaCl enthaltende Waschwasser kann nur teilweise zur Bereitung von neuer Trennflüssigkeit ver­ wendet werden (und zwar nur so viel, wie durch anhaf­ tende Trennflüssigkeit aus dem System entfernt wird), während der überwiegende Teil separat entsorgt wer­ den muß, was nachteilig mit Kosten verbunden ist.The wash water obtained during the washing process, which contains the salts CaCl 2 or NaCl, can only be partially used to prepare new separation liquid (and only as much as is removed from the system by adhering separation liquid), while the vast majority is disposed of separately who must, which is disadvantageously associated with costs.

Nachteilig ist weiterhin, daß die Chlor-Ionen enthal­ tenden Trennflüssigkeiten ausgesprochen korrosiv auf alle mit ihnen in Berührung kommenden Anlagenteile wirken, so daß diese aus entsprechend teuren, korro­ sionsfesten Materialien gefertigt werden müssen.Another disadvantage is that the chlorine ions contain separating liquids are extremely corrosive all parts of the system that come into contact with them act, so that these from correspondingly expensive, corro sion-resistant materials must be manufactured.

Schließlich sind mit NaCl bzw. CaCl2 keine Trennflüs­ sigkeitsdichten über 1,4 g/cm3 erreichbar, gewisse Kunststoffsorten, insbesondere Verbundstoffe, benöti­ gen jedoch zu ihrer Trennung Trennflüssigkeitsdichten bis zu 1,5 g/cm3.Finally, with NaCl or CaCl 2, no liquid separation densities above 1.4 g / cm 3 can be achieved, but certain types of plastic, especially composites, require separation liquid densities of up to 1.5 g / cm 3 to separate them .

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bekannte Verfahren zur Trennung von Feststoffgemischen, die insbesondere Kunststoffgemische enthalten, durch entsprechende Wahl der Trennflüssigkeit in einfacher Weise so zu ver­ bessern, daß eine Waschung nach erfolgter Trennung nicht mehr erforderlich wird (die in den Feststoffen ver­ bleibenden Restmengen sind nicht mehr störend) und die eine Trennung bei einer Trenndichte von bis zu 1,5 g/cm3 ermöglichen und ohne besondere Maßnah­ men in vorhandene Anlagen eingesetzt werden können.The object of the invention is to improve known methods for the separation of solid mixtures, which in particular contain plastic mixtures, by appropriate choice of the separating liquid in a simple manner so that washing after separation is no longer required (the residual amounts remaining in the solids are ver no longer disturbing) and which enable separation at a separation density of up to 1.5 g / cm 3 and can be used in existing systems without any special measures.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird mit den Maßnahmen des Kennzeichnungsteils des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The task is carried out with the measures of Labeling part of claim 1 solved.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are shown in specified in the subclaims.

Durch die Maßnahme der Erfindung, als Trennflüssig­ keit eine Mischung aus Wasser und einem Alkalikarbo­ nat, vorzugsweise Natriumkarbonat oder Kaliumkarbo­ nat zu verwenden, werden die durch das Trennverfah­ ren gewonnenen Kunststofffraktionen durch anhaften­ de Trennflüssigkeit nur mit für weitere Verfahrens­ schritte "verträglichen" Stoffen verunreinigt, so daß eine aufwendige Waschung entfallen kann.By the measure of the invention, as a separation liquid a mixture of water and an alkali carbo nat, preferably sodium carbonate or potassium carbo to be used nat, the by the separation process plastic fractions obtained by adhering de Separating liquid only for further processes steps contaminated "compatible" substances, so that a elaborate washing can be omitted.

Durch die von Alkalikarbonaten in wäßrigen Lösun­ gen hervorgerufene Hydrolyse des Wassers stellt eine solche wäßrige Lösung infolge ihrer Alkalität zusätzlich auch ein Reinigungsmittel dar, so daß bei der Verwen­ dung dieser Lösung als Trennflüssigkeit gemäß der Er­ findung gleichzeitig der positive Nebeneffekt erhalten wird, daß die an den Kunststoffteilchen anhaftenden Verschmutzungen leichter entfernt werden können, oder bei turbulent arbeitenden Verfahren selbsttätig entfernt werden.Because of the alkali carbonates in aqueous solutions The hydrolysis of the water causes a such aqueous solution additionally due to its alkalinity also represents a cleaning agent, so that when used This solution as a separation liquid according to the Er the positive side effect is that the adhering to the plastic particles Soiling can be removed more easily, or automatically in turbulent processes be removed.

Trennflüssigkeiten, die gemäß der Erfindung aus Wasser und Alkalikarbonaten bestehen, stellen ungifti­ ge, die Kunststoffe nicht angreifende Flüssigkeiten dar, die problemlos in großtechnischem Maßstab eingesetzt werden können.Separating liquids made according to the invention Water and alkali carbonates exist, are non-toxic liquids that do not attack the plastics, which are easily used on an industrial scale can be.

Trennflüssigkeiten mit hohen Dichten, die nur mit ei­ ner hohen Konzentration an Alkallkarbonat erreichbar sind - beispielsweise hat eine wäßrige 50%ige Kalium­ karbonatlösung bei 20°C eine Dichte von 1,52 g/cm3 - haben durch die hohe Karbonatkonzentration auch eine erhöhte Viskosität, was sich insbesondere bei statischen Sink-Schwimmverfahren wegen der verringerten Sink­ geschwindigkeit nachteilig auswirkt. Bei Trennverfah­ ren im Fliehkraftfeld, beispielsweise einer Zentrifuge, ist aufgrund der auf die Feststoffteilchen einwirkenden ho­ hen Absetzkräfte der nachteilige Einfluß der erhöhten Viskosität unerheblich, so daß sich insbesondere derarti­ ge Verfahren für die Trennung bei hohen Trenndichten empfehlen.Separating liquids with high densities that can only be achieved with a high concentration of alkali carbonate - for example, an aqueous 50% potassium carbonate solution at 20 ° C has a density of 1.52 g / cm 3 - also have an increased viscosity due to the high carbonate concentration , which has a disadvantageous effect, particularly in the case of static sink-swimming processes, because of the reduced sinking speed. In separation processes in the centrifugal force field, for example a centrifuge, the adverse influence of the increased viscosity is negligible due to the high settling forces acting on the solid particles, so that, in particular, such methods are recommended for separation at high separation densities.

Claims (3)

1. Verfahren zur Trennung von Abfallgemischen, insbesondere Gemische aus Kunststoffen, Ver­ bundstoffen und Metallen, nach ihrer Dichte in ei­ ner Trennflüssigkeit mit einer Dichte von größer 1 g/cm3, deren Dichte so gewählt ist, daß sie zwi­ schen den Dichten der zu trennenden Feststoffe liegt, so daß ein Schwimmgut und ein Sinkgut erhal­ ten wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Trenn­ flüssigkeit aus einer Mischung aus Wasser und ei­ nem Alkalikarbonat gebildet wird.1. Process for the separation of waste mixtures, in particular mixtures of plastics, composite materials and metals, according to their density in a separating liquid with a density of greater than 1 g / cm 3 , the density of which is chosen so that it is between the densities of the separating solids, so that a float and a sink is obtained th, characterized in that the separating liquid is formed from a mixture of water and egg nem alkali carbonate. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß das Alkalikarbonat ein Natriumkar­ bonat ist.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized records that the alkali carbonate is a sodium car is bonat. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß das Alkalikarbonat ein Kaliumkarbo­ nat ist.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized records that the alkali carbonate is a potassium carbo is natural.
DE19934309716 1993-03-25 1993-03-25 Process for the separation of waste mixtures Expired - Fee Related DE4309716C2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19934309716 DE4309716C2 (en) 1993-03-25 1993-03-25 Process for the separation of waste mixtures

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19934309716 DE4309716C2 (en) 1993-03-25 1993-03-25 Process for the separation of waste mixtures

Publications (2)

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DE4309716A1 DE4309716A1 (en) 1994-09-29
DE4309716C2 true DE4309716C2 (en) 2000-06-15

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2860994B1 (en) 2003-10-15 2007-07-13 Galloo Plastics PROCESS FOR THE SELECTIVE SEPARATION OF FRAGMENTED-USE ORGANIC MATERIALS USING DENSED AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3023280A1 (en) * 1980-06-21 1982-01-14 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR THE EXTRACTION OF SPECIAL PLASTICS FROM THE WASTE MATERIAL INCLUDED IN THE PROCESSING OF WASTE ACCUMULATORS
DE3210972C2 (en) * 1982-03-25 1986-08-07 Alu Plast Aluminium-Plastik Recycling GmbH, 5440 Mayen Sink separator for plastic mixtures
DE3717847A1 (en) * 1986-05-28 1987-12-03 Andritz Ag Maschf METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SEPARATING LIGHTNING MATERIALS FROM SUBSTRATE MIXTURES
US4830188A (en) * 1987-09-30 1989-05-16 Rutgers, The State University Plastics separation and recycling methods
DE3800204A1 (en) * 1988-01-07 1989-07-20 Reiner Landreh Method and apparatus for sorting plastic refuse
WO1991013684A1 (en) * 1988-08-28 1991-09-19 Jay Jerry L Sr Process and apparatus for separating plastics from contaminants
DE4033701A1 (en) * 1990-10-19 1992-04-23 Molkerei Hoyerswerda Gmbh I A Complete sepn. of metal-coated plastics and paper - by treatment at above 35 deg. C with soln. of strong electrolyte, pref. calcium chloride, followed by sink-float sepn. in same liq.

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3023280A1 (en) * 1980-06-21 1982-01-14 Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz AG, 5000 Köln METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR THE EXTRACTION OF SPECIAL PLASTICS FROM THE WASTE MATERIAL INCLUDED IN THE PROCESSING OF WASTE ACCUMULATORS
DE3210972C2 (en) * 1982-03-25 1986-08-07 Alu Plast Aluminium-Plastik Recycling GmbH, 5440 Mayen Sink separator for plastic mixtures
DE3717847A1 (en) * 1986-05-28 1987-12-03 Andritz Ag Maschf METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR SEPARATING LIGHTNING MATERIALS FROM SUBSTRATE MIXTURES
US4830188A (en) * 1987-09-30 1989-05-16 Rutgers, The State University Plastics separation and recycling methods
DE3800204A1 (en) * 1988-01-07 1989-07-20 Reiner Landreh Method and apparatus for sorting plastic refuse
WO1991013684A1 (en) * 1988-08-28 1991-09-19 Jay Jerry L Sr Process and apparatus for separating plastics from contaminants
DE4033701A1 (en) * 1990-10-19 1992-04-23 Molkerei Hoyerswerda Gmbh I A Complete sepn. of metal-coated plastics and paper - by treatment at above 35 deg. C with soln. of strong electrolyte, pref. calcium chloride, followed by sink-float sepn. in same liq.

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
KIRCHBERG, Helmut: Aufbereitung bergbaulicher Rohstoffe,Bd.I, Wilhelm Gronau Verlag Jena, 1953, S.195-196 *
Ulllmanns Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 4.Aufl.,Bd.6: Umweltschutz und Arbeitssicherheit, 1981, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, S.545 *
Ullmanns Encyklopädie der technischen Chemie, 4.Aufl., Bd.15: Korrosion bis Lacke, Verlag ChemieWeinheim, S.414-415 *

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Owner name: DEUTZ AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, 51063 KOELN, DE

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Owner name: BAKER HUGHES (DEUTSCHLAND) GMBH, 29221 CELLE, DE

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