DE4304195A1 - Switching device for integrated-service and specific-service networks - Google Patents

Abstract

A switching device which can be used in specific-service and integrated-service networks has at least one exchange-network monitoring component (ZNKK) and a narrowband switching component (SVK), the narrowband switching component (SVK) having a network interface device (NSS), a switching network and channel unit device (KF-KA) and an adaptation device (ANP). A first transmission system (ÜSS1) connects the adaptation device (ANP) to the exchange-network monitoring component (ZNKK) and to first inputs and outputs of units of the switching network and channel unit device (KF-KA), and a second transmission system (ÜSS2) connects the network interface device (NSS) to the exchange-network monitoring component (ZNKK) and to second inputs and outputs of the units of the switching network and channel unit devices (KF-KA). <IMAGE>

Description

In addition to a number of existing service-specific networks, such as Telephone network, line and packet switching data networks, Analog cellular networks are new networks, like digital ones Mobile radio networks but also an integrated narrowband Network, the N-ISDN, in introduction and operation. Next to it but also planned broadband networks, such as the B-ISDN, Narrowband services, such as telephone connections, lead and to offer. Cooperation between the existing and the new networks and thereby the transition between the networks and end-to-end service connections between them becomes Prerequisite for the acceptance and economy of the new networks. Cooperation between the different Networks and in particular the continuous placement of individuals Connections over different networks can be made through Mediation facilities, which are for mediation if possible, all services from service-specific and integrated service networks can be achieved. In addition to the transitions between the networks, these must be Switching also connecting both service-specific also enable integrated terminals for participants.

The invention has for its object a Switching device to specify that both in service-specific as well as integrated service networks can be used to mediate compatible services enabled between these networks and as far as possible and allowed transitions for initially incompatible services between the networks.  

According to the invention, this object is achieved through the features of Claim 1 solved. Practical embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

The modular devices and assemblies of the invention allow the switching device to be very flexible expand and expand and also for only one network type or create a limited number of specific networks. Standardized and / or standard components and devices are used. Based on some shown in the drawing Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be explained in more detail. It shows

Fig. 1 shows the structure of a switching device,

Fig. 2 shows the structure of a central network control component,

Fig. 3 shows the structure of a network interface device,

Fig. 4 shows the structure of an external bus driver unit,

Fig. 5 shows the structure of a connecting bus driver unit,

Fig. 6 shows the structure of the control of a unit,

Fig. 7 shows the receive block for a path,

Fig. 8 the receiver to a next external or interconnect bus or ring line,

Fig. 9 shows the transmitter module for a path,

Fig. 10 shows the transmitter in a continuous external or connecting bus or ring line,

Fig. 11 shows the function-specific block of a coupler unit,

Fig. 12 shows the structure of a channel unit,

Fig. 13 shows the function-specific block of a channel unit of the first type for the direct connection of terminals,

Fig. 14 shows the function-specific block of a channel unit of the second type for the connection of radio terminals via radio fixed stations,

Fig. 15 shows the structure of a matching unit and the function of specific blocks,

Fig. 16, the compounds in a single-stage switching network with narrowband directly connected terminals,

Fig. 17, the compounds in a single-stage switching network with narrowband connected via subscriber-equipment terminal,

Fig. 18 compounds in a multi-level narrow-band switching network,

Fig. 19 redundancy arrangement of connection paths.

FIG. 1 is given the structure of a switching device. A central network control component ZNKK is connected to a narrowband switching component SVK by means of a first and a second transmission system ÜSS1, ÜSS2 and by means of a further transmission system ÜSB to a broadband switching component BVK. Structures and embodiments of the broadband switching component have already been specified in German patent applications P 4121057.3 and P 4227118.5. The structure of the narrowband switching component SVK has a network interface device NSS, a switching matrix and channel unit device KF-KA and an adapter device ANP. The facilities accommodate devices and units and assign them a location address PAdr. The location addresses serve as addresses in communication processes between the central network control component ZNKK and the devices and the controllers ST of the units. A first transmission system ÜSS1 connects the adapter device ANP to the central network control component ZNKK and first inputs and outputs of units of the switching matrix and channel unit device KF-KA and a second transmission system ÜSS2 connects the network interface device NSS with the central network control component ZNKK and second inputs and outputs of the units of the switching matrix and channel unit device KF-KA. The transmission systems in turn consist of bus or ring lines of several categories. Terminals for narrowband services TES can be connected directly to the narrowband switching component SVK, indirectly via narrowband concentrators SB-KONZ and subscriber-related devices such as terminal branches TAZ. Furthermore, it allows the connection of terminals TEF for fixed or mobile, ie mobile radio services via radio fixed stations FFS. The devices in the network interface device NSS connect the narrowband switching component SVK to private branch exchanges, narrowband concentrators SB-KONZ and the broadband switching component BVK, to other narrowband switches using narrowband trunk lines TRUNKS.

The structure of the central network control component ZNKK is shown in FIG. 2. It is constructed in the form of a local data network, a so-called Local Area Network LAN, consisting of workstations AST with input and output devices I / O, servers SVS, SVB, ESV and a central clock / time stamp generator ZTG. The servers SVS are with the first and second transmission system ÜSS1, ÜSS2 of the narrowband switching component SVK, the servers SVB with the transmission system ÜSB of the broadband switching component BVK and the input / output server ESV with external networks, in particular those for central signaling. Channels ZZK, or external devices ExG, possibly connected to an operations and maintenance center, the Operation, Administration and Maintenance Center OAM. Connections to devices or networks for billing, to higher-level facilities such as databases for storing subscriber authorizations and / or the current location of mobile terminals, authentication data, etc. are also established via the server ESV. The servers are connected to each other, to the workstations AST and the central clock and time stamp generator ZTG by means of an internal, redundant transmission system ÜSint. The internal, redundant transmission system ÜSint can be incorporated into the transmission systems ÜSS1, ÜSS2 and ÜSB via a connector V and made available to the narrowband and broadband switching component SVK, BVK.

The central clock and time stamp generator ZTG has one Connection for an external clock / frequency standard and supplied both switching components SVK and BVK using redundant Clock bus in the transmission systems ÜSS1, ÜSS2 and ÜSB with the required clock and time stamp signals.

A central office consisting of workstations and servers Network control component ZNKK can be built modularly Expand needs at any time and that Also modernize slightly according to technical progress. In particular, all functions are duplicated Distribution of two identical software packages each at least two workstations or servers and access of these devices on double or double guided bus or Ring lines in the transmission systems ÜSS1, ÜSS2 and ÜSB possible.

The structure of a network interface device NSS is shown in FIG. 3. It contains, in one part, external bus driver units BTRE for external, bus or ring lines 2BE of the second transmission system ÜSS2, and in a part on the network side line terminals LE, digital signal multiplex devices DSMX-2M with channel units including interfaces to analog networks, to data networks and private branch exchanges, other devices with interface and signal adaptation circuits for external connections, as well as converter devices IWU for connections to a broadband switching component BVK. Each unit or device in the network-side part is connected to at least one changeover switch UAB and each changeover switch to two external bus driver units BTRE, one belonging to a first redundancy system A and the other to a second redundancy system B. Line terminals LE, digital signal multiplex devices DSMX-2M with channel units including interfaces to analogue networks, data networks and signal adaptation circuits for external connections are largely marketable devices. Devices with interface circuits to private branch exchanges and other networks are also commercially available. Converter devices IWU for connections to a broadband switching component BVK must convert user channels from the asynchronous transmission mode, as introduced in broadband networks, to the synchronous transmission mode of the narrowband switching component SVK, and vice versa. Signaling channels between the two switching components are processed by the central network control component ZNKK and, if necessary, converted.

The structure of an external bus driver unit BTRE shows

Fig. 4. It generates the structure of signal frames on external bus or ring lines 2BE in the second transmission system ÜSS2 and packs the information coming from outside via a changeover switch into time slots of an coming external bus or ring line 2BEk and takes the outside information from assigned outgoing external bus or ring lines 2BEg. Each external bus driver unit BTRE is divided into areas for incoming signals BTREk, areas for outgoing signals BTREg and a controller ST / BTRE. An area for incoming signals BTREk has at least one receiver EV for a connecting line to a changeover switch UAB. Each EV receiver is connected to the ST / BTRE control. It compiles the bits received octets, can receive external test signals and send internal ones. All receivers EV of an area for incoming signals BTREk forward their octets to a memory with multiplexer SPM. They remain stored there until they are called up by the coming head-end transmitter KS-2BEk for the coming bus or ring line 2BEk and sent serially in time slots of octet size. For this purpose, the coming head-end transmitter KS-2BEk generates a pulse frame, the frame duration of which is 125 microseconds and contains p × q octets, where p and q are integers, p is preferably equal to 24 or 32 and q is an even number, preferably in the range 2 to 64. A frame start character is inserted in the first octet of each frame. The memory and multiplexer SPM carries out all compensation measures that are necessary in the case of non-synchronous external and internal clock. Each incoming bus or ring line 2BEk ends with an incoming KE-2BEk headend receiver and downstream monitoring ÜB, which is connected to the ST / BTRE control. An area for outgoing signals BTREg contains an outgoing head-end transmitter KS-2BEg for the outgoing bus or ring line 2BEg. It generates a pulse frame of the same structure as the coming head-end transmitter KS-2BEk formats for the incoming bus or ring line. Except for the start of frame in the first time slot, however, all others are without information content. The end of each outgoing bus or ring line 2BEg ends with an outgoing head-end receiver KE-2BEg. This receives the octets transmitted into the time slots by other units and passes them on to a demultiplexer DEMUX. This distributes them to the transmitters for connecting lines SV connected to it and thus to the switches UAB connected to it. All SV transmitters are connected to the ST / BTRE controller, can receive internal test signals and send external ones. The demultiplexer DEMUX is also connected to the controller and carries out all the necessary compensatory measures when the internal and external clock is not synchronous. The control ST / BTRE is connected to the central network control component ZNKK via two redundant control bus or ring lines 2BK / a, 2BK / b and via redundant clock, bus or ring lines 2BT / a, 2BT / b . It supplies all circuits of a BTRE bus driver unit with all the required clock and time stamp signals. It takes over the assigned location address from the network interface device NSS and, using the location address, conveys all setting, testing and monitoring information of the assigned areas for incoming and outgoing signals BTREk, BTREg of the external bus driver unit BTRE from and the central network control component ZNKK.

The switching matrix and channel unit device KF-KA takes primarily coupler units KO and channel units KA. There these units for user channels only via connection, bus or Ring lines are interconnected, it makes sense also the connection, bus driver units BTRV the Assign switching matrix and channel unit equipment KF-KA.

FIG. 5 shows the structure of a connection bus driver unit BTRV for connection, bus or ring lines 1BV, 2BV in the first and second transmission system ÜSS1, ÜSS2. Each connection bus driver unit BTRV is divided into areas for outgoing signals BTRVg, areas for incoming signals BTRVk and a controller ST / BTRV. An area for outgoing signals BTRVg has an outgoing head-end station KS-1BVg for an outgoing connection bus or ring line 1BVg in the first transmission system ÜSS1. On instruction and with the help of time stamps, it can generate pulse frames of different duration and structure, divide them into time slots and provide the first time slot with a frame start character. However, it can also be programmed as an outgoing head-end station transmitter KS-2BVg for an outgoing connecting bus or ring line 2BVg in the second transmission system ÜSS2 and has a pulse frame like the head-end station transmitter KS-2BEg, KS-2BEk of an external bus driver unit BTRE for external, bus or ring lines 2BE of the second transmission system ÜSS2. Except for the start of frame in the first time slot, however, all others are without information content. The end of each outgoing connection bus or ring line 1BVg, or 2BVg ends with an outgoing head-end receiver KE-BVg. This forwards the time slots occupied by other units with information to a first monitoring unit UB1, which checks them and reports faults to the control unit ST / BTRV. The received and checked signals continue with an unchanged frame structure to an incoming head-end transmitter KS-BVk for the incoming connecting bus or ring line 1BVk or 2BVk. This sends them like a clocked amplifier. The information in the time slots cannot be read by other units in a destructive manner. Each incoming 1BVk or 2BVk connecting bus or ring line ends with an incoming KE-BVk headend receiver. It forwards the received signals to a second monitoring system ÜB2, which checks them for faults and for compliance with the signals passed on by the first monitoring system, and reports faults to the ST / BTRV control system. The ST / BTRV control is via two redundant control, bus or ring lines 1BK / a, 1BK / b or 2BK / a, 2BK / b and via redundant clock, bus or ring lines 1BT / a, 1BT / b or 2BT / a, 2BT / b connected to the central network control component ZNKK. It supplies all circuits of a BTRV bus driver unit with all the required clock and time stamp signals. It takes over the assigned location address from the switching matrix and channel unit device KF-KA and, using the location address, conveys all setting, testing and monitoring information of the areas assigned to it for incoming and outgoing signals BTRVk, BTRVg of the connection bus drivers Unit BTRV from and to the central network control component ZNKK.

The structure of the control unit ST of a unit is shown in FIG. 6. It contains a clock and time stamp controller TZK and a communication controller KOK. The clock and time stamp controller TZK is via two receivers ET with a downstream switch UAB with two redundant clock, bus or ring lines 1BT / a, 1BT / b or 2BT / a, 2BT / b in the first or second transmission system ÜSS1 or ÜSS2 connected. When supplying the clocks to the controls, make sure that there are no significant differences in runtime. The incoming clock and time stamp signal arrives on the one hand at a clock regenerator TR for generating all required clock frequencies and on the other hand at a time stamp processing ZMV for generating all time-discrete and cyclically structured time stamp and / or frame signals. Both types of signals are fed to the function-specific components of the respective unit. This also ensures that headend transmitters transmit the frame start character at the same time with the same structured frame.

The communication controller KOK has a processor PR / SP memory, which on the one hand has two transmitter-receiver Combinations of SEK with two redundant control, bus or Ring lines 1BK / a, 1BK / b or 2BK / a, 2BK / b is connected and on the other hand with an output signal distributor ASV as well an input buffer and multiplexer EPM for takeover and Handover of all to / from the function-specific modules transmitting setting, addressing, testing and monitoring Information STan, STab, as well as information for Signaling channels SIGan, SIGab and for those of the Place address to be taken over by the respective institution PAdr. The control, bus or ring lines 1BK / a, 1BK / b or 2BK / a, 2BK / b are expediently like bus or Loop lines from local data processing networks with the access methods customary there. About you the controls communicate using standardized Protocols with the central network control component ZNKK. Instructions from her are cached and in  Setting, address and test signals for the modules of the mentioned paths implemented. On the other hand Monitoring messages and receipts evaluated and if necessary, reported to the central network control component ZNKK. When signaling information is transmitted in usually a data preprocessing from the controller performed. Between the central network control component ZNKK and the controls in all units exist through the Control, bus or ring lines 1BK / a, 1BK / b or 2BK / a, 2BK / b a redundant, local data network for everyone Control processes and at least in part for Signaling information for connections of user channels.

All units, with the exception of the bus driver units, which have head-end transmitters and receivers, write information for channel connections into them and read them non-destructively from the time slots of external and connecting bus or ring lines 2BE, 1BV and 2BV. To do this, they use transmitter and receiver modules for a path SPF, EPF. FIGS. 7 and 8 show the structure of a receiver block for a path SEN and a receiver E1B or E2B and FIGS. 9 and 10 the structure of a transmitter device for a path of a transmitter and SPF S1B or S2B.

A receiver block for a path EPF is with two Receivers E1B or E2B and an upcoming switch UABk, a transmitter module for a path SPF is with two transmitters S1B or S2B and an outgoing switch UABg. Each receiver has one of two redundant, coming bus or ring lines 2BEk or 1BVk or 2BVk a transmission system ÜSS1, or ÜSS2 in connection. Similarly, each transmitter has one of two redundant, outgoing bus or ring lines 2BEg or 1BVg or 2BVg of a transmission system ÜSS1, or ÜSS2 in Connection. Using serial-parallel converter SEPA and  Synchronization and address comparator AVG synchronize Receiver and transmitter on the sequence of the start of the frame and count the sequence of in the frame on the bus or Ring line transmitted time slots with. The current Time slot number LZN and the transmission clock ÜT is from Synchronization and address comparator AVG via the switch also to the path-specific circuit PSS connected to it given. If the over the switch of the Control assigned addressed time slot number AZN with the current time slot number LZN is the takeover or Transfer of the information by means of transmission clock ÜT or caused in the addressed time slot. For this purpose, each recipient has an information transfer Register IÜN with downstream buffer memory PUk and everyone Sender with an information transfer register IÜG upstream buffer memory PUg. The current Time slot number LZN, the transmission clock ÜT and the addressed time slot numbers AZN are also used as transfer Control signals called TSS.

The digital channels are switched in the switching matrix, which is made up of coupler units KO. Each coupler Unit KO consists of one or more function-specific modules for coupler units FSB / KO and a control ST / KO. Single-stage switching networks exist from function-specific not connected in series Modules for FSB / KO coupler units. With multi-stage Coupling fields are the outputs of the first stage with the Inputs of the next level by means of connection bus or Ring lines 2BV according to the principles of space switching fields connected. Everyone communicates function-specific Module for coupler units FSB / KO for itself after the Principle of a space-time multiple. By the use of Bus or ring lines in connection technology are not only the problems of run times on the connecting lines  mastered, rather any function-specific building block for a FSB / KO coupler unit, a second, redundant one can be connected in parallel.

Fig. 11 shows the function-specific block of a coupler unit FSB / KO. It has n branches, each branch containing a receiver module for a path EPFk. The addresses of the time slots for the octets to be transferred and the redundancy system are communicated to them by a transfer address memory ÜNAx. The bits adopted by the receiver module for a path EPFk are transferred octet-wise into a buffer memory PUx. It is used in particular to compensate for different run times on the coming bus or ring lines 2BE, 2BV. From all n buffer memories PU1 to PUn, the octets of the same time slot number stored there are successively transmitted octet-wise on the bus of the coupler unit BUSKO within one octet transmission time on the bus or ring lines 2BE, 2BV. Each octet is transferred under control of the n write address memories and control registers SAS1 to SASn within the octet time to one or more of the n input memory registers ESPR1 to ESPRn and in the frame memories RSP1 to RSPn assigned to the input memory registers under the stored by the respective write address memory and control register SAS1 to SASn memory address. Distribution services are also made possible by storing octets in more than one memory. The switching of the octets via the bus of the coupler unit BUSKO forms the room level and the frame memories RSP1 to RSPn, each of which can store at least as many octets as a frame of a bus or ring line 2BE or 2BV time slots, form the time level of the function-specific module a coupler unit FSB / KO. An additional bit for each octet stored indicates whether a memory cell is occupied by a valid octet. A frame memory RSPx is subsequently used to synchronize the outgoing bus or ring line 2BEg / a, or 2BVg / a or 2BEg / b, or 2BVg / b, or 2BVg / b with the frame of the outgoing bus or ring line connected to the frame memory RSPx via the outgoing transmitter module for the path SPFg , controlled by the assigned read, address memory and memory control circuit LASx, all cells are cyclically read from the memory and deleted in the memory. However, only the contents of the cells that contain the additional bit are transferred to the outgoing transmitter module for the path SPFg. He writes them in time into the time slots of the outgoing bus or ring line that are the same as the memory.

If the switching device as a final or combined End and transit switching are used for direct Connection of terminals or subscriber terminals or their connection via participant-related devices or facilities Channel units KA used. Due to the possibility of Cooperation between the exchange and various Networks, the variety of terminals and the differences in the Connection areas for the terminals but also for special ones Switching functions become different channel units KA-X required. A distinction is made between channel units a first type for the direct connection of Subscriber terminals, from channel units of a second Type for connecting subscriber terminals via Devices or devices near the subscriber and from the canal Units of a third type for the preparation of Signaling channels, for announcements, audible tones, dialing and other mediation functions.

Fig. 12 shows the structure of a channel unit KA. Each channel unit has one or more function-specific modules for channel units FSB / KA and a controller ST / KA. Each function-specific module for a channel unit FSB / KA has an incoming path PFk and an outgoing path PFg as well as a terminal transmission adaptation TÜA. The incoming path PFk contains a receiver module for an incoming path EPFk which is connected to two redundant, incoming bus or ring lines 2BVk / a, 2BVk / b of the second transmission system ÜSS2. The receiver module passes the received information on to the upcoming path-specific circuit PSSk, which processes it in an application-specific manner. It transfers them either to the terminal transmission adaptation TÜA for direct or indirect forwarding to a terminal or a facility near the terminal, or via a connector Vx to the outgoing path-specific circuit PSSg in the outgoing path PFg. A terminal can be connected directly either via a two-wire connection line AL2 or via an outgoing and an incoming four-wire connection line AL4g, AL4k. The indirect connection of a terminal via a device close to the subscriber takes place via the adapter ANP, which is provided by the channel unit KA via a redundant connecting bus or ring line 1BVg / a or 1BVg / b and 1BVk / a or 1BVk / b in the first transmission system ÜSS1 is achieved. Information that comes directly or indirectly from a terminal to the terminal transmission adaptation TÜA is passed on to the outgoing path-specific circuit PSSg. In general, this performs the inverse functions of the upcoming path-specific circuit PSSk. From there, the information is sent via an outgoing transmitter module for a path SPFg to one of the two redundant outgoing bus or ring lines 2BVg / a or 2BVg / b of the second transmission system ÜSS2 connected to it.

The control of the ST / KA channel unit is via two redundant control, bus or ring lines 1BK / a, 1BK / b or 2BK / a, 2BK / b and clock, bus or ring lines 1BT / a, 1BT / b or 2BT / a, 2BT / b with the central network control ZNKK component and with all function-specific components  FSB / KA in connection. Their circuits supply them with everything required clock and time stamp signals, takes over assigned address from the switching matrix and Channel unit facility KF-KA and mediates all Setting, testing, signaling and monitoring Information from and to the central network control component ZNKK stating the number of the function-specific Building block FSB / KA and using the place address.

Fig. 13 shows the structure and the circuit elements is a function-specific block of a channel unit of the first type for the direct connection of terminals. As long as terminals are still adapted to the special services and properties of different networks, a switching device that wants to serve the different terminals must be adapted to connect such terminals. A function-specific component of a channel unit FSB / KA can either be designed for connections to one or to several different networks. In the following, only directly connected terminals from three networks, the analog telephone network, the narrowband ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network and a circuit-switched data network are dealt with. Such a function-specific module of a channel unit is given the designation FSB / KA-A, I, D. For this purpose, the functions of the circuits in the coming and going path-specific circuit PSSk, PSSg and the terminal transmission adaptation TÜA are described.

The upcoming path-specific circuit PSSk has one coming takeover address memory ÜNAk and several in Flow of information successive coming circuit parts SCH1k to SCH3k. The outgoing path-specific circuit PSSg has the inverse circuit parts ÜGAg, SCH1g to SCH3g. Incoming and outgoing circuit parts of the same number are connected to each other via connectors V1 to V3. The first  upcoming circuit part SCH1k has a buffer two separate areas for the payload. Of the Address memory ÜNAk gives both the sequence of those to be taken over Octets from the connecting bus or ring line 2BVk des second transmission system ÜSS2, as well as the consequence of Storage locations under which the octets are to be stored. The information from the first area of the buffer is coming to the input of the second circuit part SCH2k forwarded and the information from the second Area over the first connector V1 to the inverse operated Buffer in the first outgoing circuit part SCH1g pass the path-specific circuit PSSg. Connections via the first connector V1 are both for digital test loops as well as for the connection of PCM coded announcements or audible tones or if necessary Multi-frequency code dialing used to the calling terminal. Of the coming and going second circuit part SCH2k, SCH2g for the connection of a subscriber terminal for analog Signals has a digital-analog and an analog-digital Converter and the second connector V2 is for the Switching through analog signals, especially for test purposes designed.

For narrowband ISDN channels, the second circuit part contains Implementer, which the respective mediation with 64 kbit / s transmitted D-channel on the end device side Implement 16 kBit / s transmitted D channel and the controller In particular, they give access to the D channel Performs monitoring functions of the connecting line, if necessary, also exchanges data with the terminals. The second contains for the connection of data terminals Circuit part redundancy converter, which the respective, data channel transmitted internally with 64 kbit / s in used its original and end device side Transfer data transfer rate and also the controller Provide access to every data channel that they also have in  in this case for monitoring and signaling purposes used. Activation of one of these parallel paths takes the Control before.

Coming and going third circuit part SCH3k, SCH3g are on the one hand with the TÜA terminal transmission adaptation on the other hand via the third connector V3 connected. The third connector in particular digital test loops switched.

The TÜA terminal transmission adaptation points for Four-wire connections connecting cable transmitter and receiver SAL, EAL, for two-wire connections to one A subscriber terminal for analog signals is an analog GAB hybrid circuit with connection for terminal supply and for the call signal TSP and circuits for the identification and for license plate reception to / from the terminal equipment and to Conversion of the license plates from / into digital information from / to Control, on. For narrowband ISDN and data channels it has digital hybrid circuits and, if necessary, with Connection to a terminal supply. Here, too Control the activation of the required path.

For connections to terminals that are not directly via Connection lines connected to the switching device can be, for example, fixed and mobile radio stations, but also for new network types in the subscriber access area, for example in the form of ring lines with terminal branches and the possibility of exiting and re-occupying channels, but preferably also for the indirect connection of terminals with bit rates deviating from 64 kbit / s and / or special ones Frame structures, also with special signaling, as with Terminals for packet data networks are channel units of the second type for the indirect connection of terminals intended. Their connections to the terminals are via a connecting bus or ring line 1BV in the first Transmission system ÜSS1 for adapting device ANP and one  Terminal tap TAZ or a radio fixed station FFS guided. Because mobile radio stations in particular are a number special requirements for the functionality of a Setting the channel unit is an example Function-specific component of a channel unit for Radio terminals FSB / KA-F described. In doing so, a digital Cellular network assumes, each with a small number of channels via a radio transmitter / receiver pair in each Time multiple is transmitted. The best known example is the Standard of the Groupe Special Mobile according to the Europe-wide Cellular networks are established.

Future digital mobile radio networks are also expected to be specified according to similar standards. However, it should be emphasized that the chosen structure of the switching device and channel units for radio terminals, which are adapted to new standards, can easily also meet such new standards. The function-specific module of a channel unit of the second type for the connection of radio terminals FSB / KA-F will be described with reference to FIG. 14. The coming path-specific circuit PSSk has an incoming takeover address memory ÜNAk and a plurality of circuit parts SCH1k to SCH4k coming in succession in the information flow. The first coming circuit part SCH1k has an upcoming buffer for the useful information. The address memory ÜNAk specifies both the sequence of the octets to be taken over from the bus or ring line of the second transmission system 2BVk and the sequence of the memory locations under which the octets are to be stored. The upcoming buffer is divided into a first and a second area and can be read cyclically over one or both areas. At the instruction of the controller, the information from the first area is either forwarded via the coming part of an echo compensation circuit or bypassing it to the input of the second coming circuit part SCH2k. The information from the second area is transferred via a first connector V1 to the inversely operating outgoing buffer in the first outgoing circuit part SCH1g of the outgoing path-specific circuit PSSg. The first connector V1 can switch channels as well as receive, evaluate and send test information for connections. A switched connection is used on the one hand for digital test loops and for the activation of PCM-coded announcements or audible tones or, if necessary, multi-frequency code dialing to the calling terminal. On the other hand, it can exist for a connection that exists parallel to the one established to a terminal and is part of a connection that is passed on to another channel unit or to another switching device by a so-called hand-over operation. In the second case, the further connecting parts must be tested by the first connector V1 before they are released. The coming part of the echo cancellation circuit is also connected to the outgoing part via it. The second coming circuit part SCH2k contains the coming parts of a transcoder for speech, a bit rate converter for data channels, which returns the respective data channel transmitted internally at 64 kbit / s to its original data transmission rate and a data modem with an upstream digital / analog converter, which PCM-coded data modem signals converts to digital signals of the original bit rate. The control activates one of the parallel branches and selects it for forwarding the information to the third coming circuit part SCH3k. The coming parts of the transcoder for speech, the bit rate converter and the data modem are connected to the inverse working outgoing parts via a second connector V2. The third coming circuit part SCH3k contains the successive coming parts of a channel encoder, an encoder for encryption and a memory.

The coming part of the channel encoder will also be the one on the Individual radio channel to be transmitted Signaling information supplied by the controller. Each according to the type of signal and the delivered bit rate of the signal, it takes a different channel coding including block formation and Nesting of the channel-coded information. So far the channel-specific signaling information in its own If blocks are to be combined, he arranges them in time a frame or superframe structure. At the direction of The control unit will either send the channel-coded information to the Encoder forwarded for encryption or bypasses it him. It becomes like for transmission by radio required, in blocks on specified areas of the Stored. Other areas of the memory remain a first type of channel types with block start and Block end information, for a second type of channel additionally with synchronization or training sequence Information occupied. The memory is all over the occupied area is read out cyclically and the information is displayed hand over the following fourth upcoming circuit part SCH4k. At the instruction of the control, this is either given to everyone Data block control information for individual channels Setting of the respective transmitter in the radio fixed station and places the entire block in a buffer memory Polling ready, or routing it through a third connector V3 to the inverse going fourth circuit part SCH4g, the latter especially for test purposes. An upcoming Transfer address memory ÜGAk stores the address or number of the Time slot of the outgoing bus or ring line in the first Transmission system 1BVg, which is used for the transmission of a Information block is determined by the controller, and initiates the transfer of the buffered Information blocks from the buffer memory to the terminal Transmission adaptation TÜA. There he arrives at the coming one Transmitter module SPFk, which it in the coming  Transfer address memory ÜGAk addressed time slot outgoing bus or ring line in the first transmission system 1BVk registered. For the opposite direction, the terminal Transmission adaptation TÜA an outgoing receiver module EPFg, with the going fourth circuit part SCH4g and the outgoing transfer address memory ÜNAg is connected. Of the Receiver module EPFg takes over the information addressed time slots of the incoming bus or ring line in the first transmission system 1BVk and passes it to the outgoing fourth circuit part SCH4g the outgoing Path-specific circuit PSSg. The walking circuit parts SCH1g to SCH4g and the outgoing takeover and handover Address memory ÜNAg, ÜGAg keep the inverse Functions of the upcoming circuit parts. if the Receiver in the radio fixed station instead of that of Radio terminal received block start, block end Synchronization or training sequence information of a Information block reception criteria to improve the Insert decoding process in the channel decoder, this will Information bypassing the decoder a second Input of the channel decoder supplied. Also from the Control one from the radio receiver in the radio fixed station determined change in the signal runtime to a radio terminal immediately processed and in the signaling channel to this Station, in the form of an instruction to change the Transmission time for the radio bursts transmitted. Will be similar also for setting the transmission level at the radio terminal proceeded, here other criteria than just the Reception level at the radio receiver in the radio fixed station be taken into account.

For the transfer of the information blocks between the function-specific building blocks of channel units for Radio terminals FSB / KA-F and the adapter ANP, it is expedient, the frame duration at the bus or used Ring line in the first transmission system 1BV equal to that  Frame duration to choose which one the transmitter / receiver pairs Use the radio fixed station on the air interface. The Frame structure of the bus or ring line used in the first Transmission system 1BV should preferably be 2z (s + nm) Have time slots. Be especially for larger ones Network areas for the two transmission directions two If separate bus or ring lines are used, the Frame structure preferably z (s + nm). Z gives the Number of the maximum over this bus or ring line accessible radio fixed stations FFS. With s the number of the control and control required for a radio fixed station Channels are taken into account, with s = 1 being the most common case should. With n the maximum number of transmitter / receiver pairs specified in a fixed radio station and m is the number of Channels that multiply in time via a transmitter / receiver pair can be transferred. In addition, there may be used superframe structures from the control of the Channel unit for radio terminals KA-F also yours to specify function-specific blocks.

Channel units of the third type are usually only with one of the two transmission systems in connection. So are for example channel units for announcements, audible tones, recording and delivery of multi-frequency code dial signals preferably only via connecting bus or ring lines 2BV in the second ÜSS2 transmission system connected. Here are the Reception organs in the coming path, the transmission organs in the outgoing path Path of the path-specific circuit housed. In the same Access technology can also prepare Signaling channels, for example for one Data preprocessing of the information of a license plate channel between a digital signal multiplex device DSMX-2M and the Central network control component ZNKK. So it can Preprocessing using a processor in a connector between Coming and going path of the path-specific circuit  this channel unit. For processing of non-channel-specific signaling channels in one Radio network, such as that for a radio cell, can all information from the control of the channel unit Channel encoder delivered and handed over to you by the channel decoder become. If the function-specific module is one Channel unit for connecting radio terminals FSB / KA-F on the basis, so the connection to the second Transmission system and those before the channel encoder and the decoder downstream circuit parts are omitted.

The adapter device ANP is intended to accommodate adapter units AE. They prepare the information for / from the transmission to subscriber-related devices or facilities such as radio fixed stations FFS or terminal branches TAZ. Fig. 15 shows the structure of a matching unit AE-X and their function-specific components FSB / AE-X. The description of a function-specific module particularly deals with the connection to a fixed radio station. Each adapter unit AE-X has one or more function-specific modules for adapter units FSB / AE-X and a controller ST / AE-X. A function-specific module for an adaptation unit FSB / AE-X has one or more incoming paths PFk1 to PFkn and the same number of outgoing paths PFg1 to PFgn for the preparation of the information to be transmitted to / from terminal equipment. When connecting to radio fixed stations FFS, an incoming and outgoing path with the same number is permanently assigned to a transmitter / receiver pair. For each path PF1 to PFn, the information from m time slots per frame and thus from channels in the time multiple is processed and structured in such a way that it is transmitted by a transmitter / receiver pair of the radio fixed station FFS on the air interface.

It also has a function-specific module FSB / AE-X a coming and a going path PFks, PFgs for the  Preparation of the information sent to / from a radio fixed Transfer station FFS or to / from terminal branches TAZ are. Each incoming path PFk contains a receiver module for a path EPFk, which with two redundant, incoming bus or ring lines 1BVk of the first transmission system ÜSS1 in Connection is established and the information transferred to him forwarded assigned path PFkx passes. This prepares them according to the application. The paths PFk1 to PFkn separate channel-related, for subscriber-related facilities or devices FFS, TAZ certain control or Control information from that for the terminal equipment certain information and pass it on to the coming Path PFks, which at the participant-related facilities or Devices FFS, TAZ ends. The remaining, channel-related Information is delayed as long in the paths PFk1 to PFkn until the information on the participant-related facility FFS, TAZ is discontinued. As a result, for example, Station the transmit level for the channel bursts of this frame are set before the information for the bursts themselves arrive. All coming paths guide their information a multiplexer MUX, which it for transmission to the affiliated institutions summarized.

The information from the facilities close to the participants is provided by a demultiplexer DEMUX distributed on the walking paths. These perform the corresponding inverse functions of the coming paths out. Every walking path guides you Information to a transmitter block for a path SPFg further. This transmits them into the addressed time slot the outgoing bus or ring line 1BVg of the first Transmission system ÜSS1. The control of the adapter ST / AE-X is connected via a 1BK control bus or ring line and via a clock bus or ring line 1BT with the Central network control component ZNKK in connection. they supplies all circuits with all required clock and Time stamp signals. It takes over the assigned place address  from the ANP adapter and provides all setting, Test and monitoring information from and to the central Network control component ZNKK stating the number of the function-specific module FSB / AE-X and using the Place address.

In the case of mobile radio networks which have FFS in their fixed radio stations using a frequency hopping method has control of one Adaptation unit ST / AE together with the transmitter and receiver Building blocks of the paths SPFg, EPFk, another special function to fulfill. Through the fixed assignment of an upcoming and outgoing path of the same number to a transmitter / receiver pair is also the frequency pair that is set for transmission a channel burst to and the associated channel burst from Radio terminal is used. Without frequency hopping there is a fixed assignment between the m per frame and path on prepared channel information packages and thus for the Channel bursts and their transmission frequency on the Air interface and the addresses of the time slots in which these channel information packets on the coming and going Transfer bus or ring line 1BVk, 1BVg become.

When using the frequency hopping method, the in consecutive frames at the same address on the Connection bus or ring line transmitted Blocks of information of each channel with another, through which Jump frequency set frequency to transmit. An adapter unit for radio AE-F offers the possibility of that Frequency hopping not by means of frequency changes the transmitters and receivers of the radio base station but through adequate address changes for the recipient and Transmitter modules EPFk, SPFg all with a radio fixed station connected paths. The transmitters and receivers of the radio fixed The station keeps the frequency once assigned to it at. Two variants are still possible. First, that only the transmitter of the radio base station the frequencies  hold on, but the recipients change them and therefore only the receiver modules the path, e the constant change of address and secondly that the transmitters of the radio fixed Station change the frequencies, but the receivers change them hold on and therefore only the transmitter modules of the paths of the subject to constant change of address.

In summary, with knowledge of the units described so far, an overview of the connection principles of the narrowband switching component is to be given. The compounds in a single-stage switching network with narrowband directly connected terminals TES and the servers SVS to the narrowband switching component SVK which are associated with the second transmission system ÜSS2 be described with reference to Fig. 16. Only one connection direction is shown in each case and the terminals TES and server SVS are each broken down into the parts for their outgoing and incoming transmission direction TEg, TEk and SVg, SVk. In the case of bidirectional connections, there is a corresponding second connection in each case.

Through connections come from the outside via an incoming one Connection line VLk to an upcoming external bus driver Unit BTREk. Via the connected external, 2BEk bus or ring line in the second transmission system ÜSS2, a coupler unit KO is reached. This mediates on an outgoing external, bus or ring line 2BEg in the second Transmission system ÜSS2, to one connected to it going external bus driver unit BTREg and further over a outgoing connecting line VLg to the outside. Internal connections are made by the outgoing part of the dialing Terminals TEg via the walking path of a channel unit KAg, an outgoing connection, bus or ring line 2BVg in second transmission system ÜSS2, the associated with it Connection, bus driver unit BTRV and associated coming Connection, bus or ring cable 2BVk to a coupler  Unit KO set up. This mediates on a going Connection, bus or ring line 2BVg in the second Transmission system ÜSS2, to one connected to it Connection bus, driver unit BTRV and associated coming connection bus or ring line 2BVk and further over the coming path of a channel unit KAk to the coming one Part of the selected terminal TEk.

For incoming and outgoing connections, the Coupler unit KO between each coming external Bus or ring line 2BEk and an outgoing connection bus or ring line 2BVg or an upcoming one Connection bus or ring line 2BVk and an outgoing External bus or ring line 2BEg. The same way as Connections to channel units KA can be used for central signaling channels are established. At Channels where the destination address and user information are combined transmitted, the connection is made in two sections, namely to the next part of a server SVk in the Central network control component ZNKK and after evaluation the destination address from the outgoing part of the server SVg to or in Direction of the destination given by the destination address for the Useful information.

Be based on Fig. 17 are compounds in a single-stage switching network with narrowband connected via subscriber-equipment terminal described. The connection to TEF radio terminals is shown. In this case, 16 of the connecting portion is compared with FIG. Expands from the channel unit to the terminal. It leads from the outgoing part of the radio terminal TE-Fg via the radio link to the fixed radio station FFS, via an apron line VFL to an outgoing radio adapter unit AE-Fg, then to an outgoing connection bus or ring line 1BVg in first transmission system ÜSS1, to the connected connection bus driver unit BTRV and associated coming connection bus or ring line 1BVk to the outgoing path of a channel unit for radio KA-Fg. The connecting section to the coming part of the radio terminal is a mirror image of the outgoing section. The other connecting sections of the channel unit for radio KA-F are the same as described in Fig. 16.

Fig. 18 shows connections in a multi-level narrow-band switching network SVK. In this case, an output of a coupler unit KO of a stage of the switching matrix is connected to an outgoing connection, bus or ring line 2BVg in the second transmission system ÜSS2 and leads via the connection bus driver unit BTRV and associated incoming connection bus or ring line 2BVk to an input of a coupler unit KO of the next stage. Each stage of the switching matrix consists of several coupler units KO or the function-specific modules for coupler units FSB / KO. The structure of the connections between the stages of the switching matrix corresponds to that of space switching matrixes. Each function-specific component for coupler units FSB / KO mediates on the principle of a space-time multiple.

The connection of all other units to the inputs of the first and the outputs of the last stage of the switching matrix corresponds to the structures of FIGS. 16 and 17.

One of the most important requirements for a placement is very high availability. As a rule, it can only be achieved through redundancy in devices and transmission paths. FIG. 19 shows a redundancy arrangement, in particular of connection paths with the bus driver units connected to them, but also with the coupler units that build up the switching matrix.

With the external bus driver units BTRE and with them connected external, bus or ring lines 2BE is an x: 1 Redundancy shown. That is, at some point can only one of x of the redundancy system A  belonging, by a belonging to the redundancy system B. External bus driver unit BTRE and the connected to it External, bus or ring lines 2BE can be replaced. The Equivalent switching takes place via incoming and outgoing redundancy Switch RUk, RUg. Coupler units KO can be and connecting, bus or ring lines 2BE, 2BV in parallel be switched. If one of the coupler units KO the Redundancy system A, the other the redundancy system B assigned, there is a 1: 1 redundancy.

For the connections between the coupler units KO and Channel units KA are shown m: 1 redundancy. To At any given time, only one of m Redundancy system A belonging to one of the redundancy system B belonging connection, bus driver unit BTRV and the 2BV connecting, bus or ring lines connected to it be replaced. The equivalent circuit is implemented via the coupler Units or the switching matrix. Because on the same Connection, bus or ring lines on which the channel KA units have access and servers can also access the same redundancy arrangement for them.  

Reference list

1BK, 2BK control, bus or ring line in the transmission system ÜSS1, ÜSS2
1BT, 2BT clock and time stamp, bus or ring line in the transmission system ÜSS1, ÜSS2
1BV, 2BV connection, bus or ring line in the transmission system ÜSS1, ÜSS2
2BE external, bus or ring line in the transmission system ÜSS2
AE adapter
AL2 two-wire connection cable
AL4 four-wire connection cable
ALB connection cable for broadband signals
ALD connection cable for digital signals
ALK connection line for concentrator
ALM connection line for multiplexer
ANP adapter for signal transmission to devices or devices close to the subscriber
AST workstation
ASV output signal distributor
AVG synchronization and address comparator
AZN Addressed time slot number
BTRE external bus driver unit
BTRV connection bus driver unit
BUSKO bus in a function-specific component of a coupler unit
BVK broadband switching component
DEMUX demultiplexer
DSMX-2M digital signal multiplex device for 2 Mbit / s
E1B receiver from a bus or ring line in the transmission system ÜSS1
E2B receiver from a bus or ring line in the transmission system ÜSS2
EAL receiver for connecting cable
EEV receiver for connecting line
EPF receiver module for a path
EPM input buffer and multiplexer
EPU input buffer
ESPR input memory register
ESV server for external signaling
ET receiver for clock and time stamp signals
EV receiver for connecting line
ExG connection for external devices
FFS radio fixed station
FSB function-specific component
GAB hybrid
I / O input / output device
I / g outgoing information
I / k coming information
IÜG information transfer register
IÜN information transfer register
IWU converter for connections to the broadband switching component channel number on the DSMX-2M (1 < _* <31)
KA duct unit
KE - *** headend receiver, with *** as indication of the type of the connected bus or ring line
KF-KA switching matrix and channel unit equipment
KO coupler unit
KOK communication controller
CONC concentrator for (SB) narrowband, (BB) broadband signals
KS - *** head-end transmitter, with *** as an indication of the type of bus or ring line connected
LAS read, address memory and memory control circuit
LE line terminal
LZN consecutive time slot number
MUX multiplexer
NSS network interface setup
OAM connection to an operation, administration and maintenance center
PAdr place address
PF path
PR / SP processor with memory
PSS path-specific circuit
PU buffer storage
RSP frame memory
RU redundancy switch
S1B transmitter on a bus or ring line in the transmission system ÜSS1
S2B transmitter on a bus or ring line in the transmission system ÜSS2
SAL transmitter for connecting cable
SAS write address memory and control register
SCH circuit part
SEK transmitter-receiver combination
SEPA serial-parallel converter
SEV transmitter for connecting line
SIGab signaling information from the controller
SIGan signaling information for control
SPF transmitter block for a path
SPM memory with multiplexer
ST control for one unit
STab monitoring / acknowledgment signal for control
STan control / setting / address signal from the controller
SVK narrowband switching component
SVS, B server for narrowband, broadband switching component
SVg, k Parts of the server for outgoing, incoming transmission direction
T clock signal
TAZ terminal tap
TB clock of the bus or ring line
TE Terminal (TES, F, B) for narrowband, radio, broadband services
TEg, k Parts of the terminal for outgoing and incoming transmission direction
TR clock regenerator
TSP terminal supply and call signal
TSS transfer control signals
TÜA terminal transmission adaptation
TZK clock and time stamp controller
Te connection for external clock / frequency standard
Trunk Connection of external narrowband (Trunk-S), broadband (Trunk-B) connections
UAB switch between redundancy system A, B
Monitoring of the bus or ring line
ÜGA transfer address memory
ÜNA takeover address memory
ÜS transmission system for narrowband, (ÜSS1, ÜSS2) and broadband (ÜSB) switching components
ÜSS1 transmission system of the first type in the narrowband switching component
ÜSS2 transmission system of the second type in the narrowband switching component
USint Internal transmission system in the central network control component
ÜT transmission clock
V connector
VFL apron management
VL connecting line
ZMV time stamp processing
ZNKK central network control component
ZTG central clock / time stamp generator
ZZK Central Signaling Channel
a, b Index that indicates the membership of the redundant system A, B.
k, g Index that indicates the membership of the coming, outgoing information flow direction
n, m, sequential number of a block
t Time window for showing / hiding information
tB read time slots from the bus of a function-specific component of a coupler unit (BUSKO)
tS write time slots on the bus of a function-specific component of a coupler unit (BUSKO)
u, v, w Serial number of a system B bus or ring line
x, y, z Serial number of a bus or ring line of system A

Claims (10)

1. Switching device for integrated and service-specific networks, characterized in that it has at least one central network control component (ZNKK) and a narrowband switching component (SVK) that the narrowband switching component (SVK) has a network Interface device (NSS), a switching matrix and channel unit device (KF-KA) and a matching device (ANP) has a first transmission system (ÜSS1), the matching device (ANP) with the central network control component ( ZNKK) and first inputs and outputs of units of the switching network and channel unit device (KF-KA) and a second transmission system (ÜSS2) the network interface device (NSS) with the central network control component (ZNKK) and second inputs and outputs of the units of the switching matrix and channel unit device (KF-KA) connects that the network interface device (NSS) contains devices and units to which the connections are connected to / from service-specific and / or integrated networks that these devices and units adapt the signals coming from outside / going outside to the transmission conditions of the second transmission system (ÜSS2), convert incompatible signal types and convert analog signals into digital signals that the Switching network and channel unit equipment (KF-KA) consisting of coupler units (KO) used for switching, of different types of channel units (KA-X) for connecting various types of subscriber terminals and of connection, bus and driver units (BTRV) for connecting, bus or ring lines (1BV, 2BV) of the first and second transmission system (ÜSS1, ÜSS2) and that the adapter (ANP) provides information on the transmission conditions to / from the subscriber-related devices, in particular from / adapts to terminal feeders (TAZ) and radio fixed stations (FFS). 2. Switching device according to claim 1, characterized featured, that the network interface device (NSS) in one exchange-side part of external bus driver units (BTRE) for external, bus or ring lines (2BE) of the second Transmission system (ÜSS2), and in a network part Line terminals (LE), digital signal multiplex devices (DSMX- 2M) with channel units including interfaces to analog networks, to data networks and private branch exchanges, other devices with Interface and signal matching circuits for external Connections, as well as converter devices (IWU) for Connections to a broadband switching component (BVK) contains. 3. Switching device according to claim 1, characterized featured, that connection bus driver units (BTRV) for connection, Bus or ring lines (1BV, 2BV) in the first and second Transmission system (ÜSS1, ÜSS2) exist that each Connection bus driver unit (BTRV) in an area for outgoing signals (BTRVg), an area for incoming signals (BTRVk) and a controller (ST / BTRV) is divided that the Area for outgoing signals (BTRVg) an outgoing Head-end transmitter (KS-1BVg) for an outgoing connection, Bus or ring line (1BVg) in the first transmission system (ÜSS1) and generates a pulse frame, which according to Duration and structure of the transfer conditions of the participant-related facilities, especially terminal Branches (TAZ) and radio fixed stations (FFS), or that the area for outgoing signals (BTRVg) a outgoing head-end transmitter (KS-2BVg) for one outgoing Connection, bus or ring line (2BVg) in the second  Transmission system (ÜSS2) and has a pulse frame such as the head-end transmitter (KS-2BEg, KS-2BEk) of an external bus Driver unit (BTRE) for external bus or ring lines (2BE) of the second transmission system (ÜSS2) generated, and that the signals from the end of the outgoing connection, bus or Ring line (1BVg, or 2BVg) to an incoming one Head-end transmitter (KS-BVk) for the upcoming connection, Bus or ring line (1BVk or 2BVk) are forwarded, that the control (ST / BTRV) via a control, bus or Ring line (1 / 2BK) and via a clock, bus or ring line (1 / 2BT) with the central network control component (ZNKK) in Connection is that they all circuits of the bus driver Unit (BTRV) with all required clock and Time stamp signals supplied, an assigned place address of the switching matrix and channel unit equipment (KF-KA) takes over and all setting, testing and monitoring Information from and to the central network control component (ZNKK) mediated using the place address. 4. Switching device according to claim 1, characterized featured, that it has at least one coupler unit (KO) that this at least one function-specific component (FSB / KO) and a controller (ST / KO) contains that a Function-specific component for a coupler unit (FSB / KO) has multiple parallel branches that each branch via an input circuit with an upcoming external or Connection, bus or ring line (2BEk, or 2BVk) is connected that all input circuits on one common internal bus (BUSKO) have access to that via this internal bus (BUSKO) the spatial switching octet-wise to one or more frame memories (RSP) and that each frame memory (RSP) via a Output circuit with a going external or  Connection, bus or ring line (2BEg, or 2BVg) is connected and through the frame memory (RSP) the temporal Classification of the octets in the addressed time slots of the outgoing external or connection, bus or ring line (2BEg, or 2BVg) and that the control of the coupler Unit (ST / KO) via a control, bus or ring line (2BK) and via a clock, bus or ring line (2BT) with the Central network control component (ZNKK) and with all function-specific modules of the coupler unit (FSB / KO) is related to all circuits with all needed clock and time stamp signals supplied that they a assigned address from the switching matrix and Channel unit installation (KF-KA) takes over and all Setting, testing and monitoring information from and to Central network control component (ZNKK) stating the Number of the function-specific module (FSB / KO) and under Use of the place address mediated. 5. Switching device according to claim 1, characterized featured, that it has channel units (KA) that each channel unit one or more function-specific modules (FSB / KA) and a controller (ST / KA) has that channel units one first type for the connection of subscriber terminals and / or channel units of a second type for the connection of facilities or devices and duct units close to the subscriber a third type for the preparation of Signaling channels, for announcements, audible tones, dialing and other mediation functions exist that everyone function-specific component for a channel unit (FSB / KA) a coming path (PFk) and a walking path (PFg) as well a terminal transmission adaptation (TÜA) has that the incoming path (PFk) a receiver module for a coming path (EPFk) contains and that each receiver with two redundant, coming bus or ring lines (2BVk) of the  second transmission system (ÜSS2) communicates that the receiver module sends the received information to the upcoming path-specific circuit (PSSk) passes that it prepares them according to the application and either the terminal transmission adaptation (TÜA) for direct or indirect forwarding to a terminal or via a Connector (Vx) to the outgoing path-specific circuit (PSSg) in the outgoing path (PFg) passes that the outgoing path-specific circuit (PSSg) the inverse functions of the upcoming path-specific circuit (PSSk) executes and that the control of the channel unit (ST / KA) via a control, Bus or ring line (1BK or 2BK) and via a clock, bus or ring line (1BT or 2BT) with the central network Control component (ZNKK) and with all function-specific Building blocks (FSB / KA) is related to them all Circuits with all required clock and time stamp signals supplied, an assigned location address from the switching matrix and duct unit equipment (KF-KA) takes over and all Adjustment, testing, signaling and monitoring Information from and to the central network control component (ZNKK) stating the number of the function-specific Module (FSB / KA) and using the place address mediated. 6. Switching device according to claim 1, characterized featured, that it has adapter units (AE-X), which in the Anpaßeinrichtung (ANP) are housed that each Adaptation unit one or more function-specific modules (FSB / AE-X) and a controller (ST / AE-X) has that one or several types of adapter units of a first type for the Connection of radio fixed stations (FFS) with radio connections to Terminals for radio services (TEF) and / or one or more Types of adapters of a second kind for connection of terminal branches (TAZ) with connections to  wire-bound terminal equipment or terminals for Narrowband services (TES) exist that everyone Function-specific module for an adapter unit (FSB / AE-X) has one or more paths (PF) such that each path (PF) on the exchange side with incoming and outgoing connection, Bus or ring lines (1BVk, 1BVg) in the first Transmission system (ÜSS1) and on the participant side Apron lines (VFL) with devices close to the subscriber or Facilities (FFS, TAZ) that is connected to the control of the Adaptation unit (ST / AE-X) via a control, bus or Ring line (1BK) and via a clock, bus or ring line (1BT) with the central network control component (ZNKK) and with all function-specific modules (FSB / AE-X) in Connection is that they all circuits with all required clock and time stamp signals supplied, one assigned location address from the adapter (ANP) takes over and all setting, testing and monitoring Information from and to the central network control component (ZNKK) stating the number of the function-specific Module (FSB / AE-X) and using the location address mediated. 7. Switching device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized, that a receiver block for a path (EPF) with two Receivers (E1B or E2B) and an upcoming switch (UABk) is equipped that each receiver with one of two redundant, coming bus or ring lines (2BEk or 1BVk or 2BVk) of a transmission system (ÜSS1, or ÜSS2) in Connection is established and that the receiver module is the received Information to the following path-specific circuit (PSS) passes on that a transmitter module for a path (SPF) with two transmitters (S1B or S2B) and an outgoing switch (UABg) is equipped that each transmitter with one of two redundant, outgoing bus or ring lines (2BEg or 1BVg  or 2BVg) of a transmission system (ÜSS1, or USS2) in There is a connection that the receiver and transmitter relate to the Follow the start of the frame of the bus or ring line synchronize that they are the result of the frame on the Count the time slots transmitted on the bus or ring line that each receiver by the controller according to their Time slot number addressed information blocks, or Blocks of information whose destination addresses are in accordance with the assigned takeover addresses are from the coming Bus or ring line (2BEk, 1BVk, 2BVk) takes over and it accompanying the current time slot address via the coming switch (UABk) to the following Circuit part passes on that each activated transmitter from the previous circuit section via the outgoing switch (UABg) provided information block and in the time slot addressed by the controller with it connected, outgoing bus or ring line (2BEg, 1BVg, 2BVg) transmits. 8. Switching device according to one of the preceding Claims, characterized, that a controller for units (ST) a clock and Time stamp controller (TZK) and a communication Controller (KOK) contains the clock and time stamps Controller has two receivers (ET) with changeover switch (UAB), that each receiver with a redundant clock, bus or Ring line (1BT / a or 2BT / a or 1BT / b or 2BT / b) in the first or second transmission system (ÜSS1, ÜSS2) is connected, that the incoming clock and time stamp signal on the one hand Clock regenerator (TR) to generate all required Clock frequencies and on the other hand time stamp processing (ZMV) to generate all time-discrete and cyclical structured time stamp and / or frame signals supplied and both signal types are function-specific blocks (FSB) are supplied and that the communication controller  (KOK) has a processor with memory (PR / SP) that this on the one hand via two transmitter-receiver combinations (SEK) with two redundant control, bus or ring lines (1BK / a or 2BK / a and 1BK / b or 2BK / b) is connected and on the other hand with an output signal distributor (ASV) as well an input buffer and multiplexer (EPM) for all to / from the function-specific modules (FSB) to be transferred Setting, testing and monitoring information (STan, STab) as well as for signaling information (SIGan, SIGab) and for the one to be taken over by the respective institution Place address (PAdr) is equipped. 9. Switching device according to claim 5, characterized featured, that the coming and going path-specific switching (PSSk, PSSg) and the terminal transmission adaptation (TÜA) for the Connection of service-specific or integrated services Terminal equipment or terminals (TES, TEF) designed is that the information is prepared specifically for the service and Access to signaling information is made possible that Loops between incoming and outgoing signal direction for Test purposes, for license plates and / or for Information forwarding can be switched and that in all cases in which a path-specific circuit (PSS) more than one subscriber terminal or terminal (TES, TEF) can be achieved, they still the necessary Provided route information. 10. Switching device according to one of the preceding Characterized by claims that multi-level switching matrix from rows and columns Arrangement of several function-specific modules from Coupler units (FSB / KO) are formed and the connection of Outputs of a previous level with inputs of a Subsequent stage using connection bus driver units (BTRV)  via connection, bus or ring lines (2BV) and that means are available which are the information of channels, where the destination address and useful information are transmitted together becomes, in a first mediation process to the coming part a server (SVk) in the central network control component (ZNKK) switch through and other means are available which cache the information until the destination address is evaluated and then in a second mediation process a connection from the outgoing part of a server (SVg) to the destination or to a line leading to the destination and from forwarding part of the server (SVg) forward the information.