DE4242400A1 - Purificn. of synthesis gas obtd. on thermally treating waste materials - comprises quenching and/or acid alkaline gas purificn., reducing water content with active charcoal, etc. - Google Patents

Purificn. of synthesis gas obtd. on thermally treating waste materials - comprises quenching and/or acid alkaline gas purificn., reducing water content with active charcoal, etc.

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Publication number
DE4242400A1
DE4242400A1 DE19924242400 DE4242400A DE4242400A1 DE 4242400 A1 DE4242400 A1 DE 4242400A1 DE 19924242400 DE19924242400 DE 19924242400 DE 4242400 A DE4242400 A DE 4242400A DE 4242400 A1 DE4242400 A1 DE 4242400A1
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Prior art keywords
synthesis gas
purificn
activated carbon
gas
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DE19924242400
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Thermoselect AG
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Thermoselect AG
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10KPURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/32Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide with selectively adsorptive solids, e.g. active carbon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/52Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquids; Regeneration of used liquids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/56Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10KPURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02Dust removal
    • C10K1/024Dust removal by filtration
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/042Purification by adsorption on solids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465Composition of the impurity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/047Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon monoxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/0475Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon dioxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/048Composition of the impurity the impurity being an organic compound

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

Purificn. of synthesis gas, formed on gasifying with O2, obtd. on thermally treating waste materials of all kinds, such as unsorted, untreated pollutants in solid and/or liq. form contained in industrial and household waste. The synthesis gas is purified by quenching and/or acid/alkaline gas purificn.. The proportion of water in the synthesis gas is reduced using active charcoal as filter medium. The pre-purified synthesis gas has an O2 content of less than 1 vol.% and a residual moisture content of less than 1 vol.%. The water vapour amt. is reduced in the synthesis gas to less than 1 vol.% by condensation cooling, pref. to temp. of less than 5 deg.C. The pre-purified synthesis gas is liberated from the impurities during introduction through the active carbon filter with a gas velocity of less than 0.3 m/s via adsorption chromatography. USE - The process is used in waste combustion plants.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Reinigung von Synthesegas, das in Vergasungsprozessen mit Sau­ erstoff entsteht, mittels Aktivkohle.The invention relates to a method for cleaning of synthesis gas that is used in gasification processes with sow erstoff is created using activated carbon.

Der technische Einsatz zur Reinigung großer Mengen schadstoffbeladener Rauchgase, zum Beispiel aus Ab­ fallverbrennungsanlagen, steht erst am Anfang. Bei einem derartigen Reinigungsverfahren spielt u. a. Ak­ tivkohle eine entscheidende Rolle. Infolge seiner hohen spezifischen Oberflächen von 500 bis 1500 m2/g stellt es ein bewährtes Adsorbens für eine extreme Anreicherung und mögliche Rückgewinnung von Verunrei­ nigungen dar.The technical application for cleaning large quantities of pollutant-laden flue gases, for example from waste incineration plants, is just beginning. In such a cleaning process, active carbon plays a decisive role. Due to its high specific surface areas of 500 to 1500 m 2 / g, it is a proven adsorbent for extreme enrichment and possible recovery of impurities.

Die erforderlichen Baugrößen der Adsorber für die Aktivkohle und die großen Mengen an benötigter Aktiv­ kohle sowie enorme verfahrenstechnische Probleme und Sicherheitsrisiken haben jedoch bisher ihre Anwendung praktisch verhindert. Ungelöst ist bisher weiter die Gefahr der durch die Restsauerstoffgehalte auftreten­ den Brandnester in der Aktivkohle mit spontaner Frei­ setzung bereits adsorbierten Schadstoffs. Dies führt zu hohen ökologischen Risiken und schließt schwere Unfälle nicht aus. Erschwerend kommt auch hinzu, daß die Energieaufwendungen zur Kohleregenerierung mit dem verbleibendem Problem der Schadstoffbildung nach der Desorption in den bekannten technischen Anlagen nicht gelöst sind. Mehrfache Regenerierungen erhöhen permanent den Staubanteil und führen zum Verschleiß. Nachteilig bei den bisherigen Verfahren ist zusätz­ lich, daß die Adsorbertemperaturen (meist über 100°C) die Kapazität der Aktivkohle erheblich reduzieren und generell zu einer höheren Entzündbarkeit führen.The required sizes of the adsorbers for the Activated carbon and the large amounts of active needed coal as well as enormous procedural problems and  However, security risks have so far been used practically prevented. So far, the is still unsolved Risk of occurring due to the residual oxygen levels the fire nests in the activated carbon with spontaneous free setting of already adsorbed pollutant. this leads to too high ecological risks and excludes serious ones Accidents do not rule out. To make matters worse, the energy expenditure for coal regeneration with the remaining problem of pollutant formation desorption in the known technical systems are not solved. Increase multiple regenerations permanent the dust content and lead to wear. Another disadvantage of the previous methods is Lich that the adsorber temperatures (mostly over 100 ° C) significantly reduce the capacity of the activated carbon and generally lead to higher flammability.

Hier setzt die vorliegende Erfindung ein, deren Auf­ gabe es ist, ein Verfahren zur Verfügung zu stellen, das es erlaubt, Aktivkohle in großtechnischem Maßstab zur Synthesegasreinigung bei Vergasungsprozessen ein­ zusetzen.This is where the present invention comes in, whose is there to provide a process that allows activated carbon on an industrial scale for synthesis gas cleaning in gasification processes clog.

Die Erfindung wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche zeigen erfindungsgemäße Weiterbildungen auf.The invention is characterized by the features of claim 1 solved. The subclaims show the invention Further training.

Durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren werden die bei bekannten anderen Anwendungsfällen gegebenen Vorteile von Aktivkohle als integral wirkender Adsorber voll ausnutzbar. Hierfür wird das Synthesegas, bevor es den Aktivkohlefilter passiert, durch Quenchung und/oder saure/alkalische Gasreinigung von der Haupt­ menge der Schadstoffe befreit. Diese Schadstoffe wer­ den in die Abwasserreinigung überführt. Durch diese Maßnahme der Verwendung von Aktivkohle für ein auf definierte Weise erzeugtes Synthesegas entsteht ein extrem vorgereinigtes Gas ohne die Gefahren, wie sie bekanntermaßen bei der Reinigung von Gasen aus Ver­ brennungsprozessen auftreten. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsvariante des Verfahrensablaufes wird der Wasserdampfanteil im Synthesegas zum Beispiel durch Kondensationskühlung, vorzugsweise auf weniger als 5°C auf unter 1 Vol.-% gebracht. Nach einer weiteren günstigen Ausführungsform kann durch effiziente Tropfen und/oder Partikelabscheidung der Reinheits­ grad weiter verbessert werden. Als vorteilhaft hat es sich erwiesen, wenn dieses so vorgereinigte Gas den Aktivkohlefilter mit Gasgeschwindigkeiten unter 0,3 m/s passiert. Der Reinigungseffekt wird zusätz­ lich durch Adsorptionschromatographie an der Aktiv­ kohle vervollständigt. Nach einer weiteren bevorzug­ ten Ausführungsform ist es vorteilhaft, wenn beim Hindurchleiten des Synthesegases durch den Aktivkoh­ lefilter eine schrittweise Temperaturerhöhung etwa bis zu 50°C durchgeführt wird, um dadurch eine volle Ausnutzung aller Oberflächenbereiche zu erreichen. Durch die vorstehend genannten Verfahrensmerkmale wird ein Reinigungsgrad des trockenen Synthesegases erreicht, bei dem alle möglichen Schadstoffkonzentra­ tionen unterhalb der meßtechnisch möglichen Nachweis­ grenze liegen.By the method according to the invention known advantages given other use cases full of activated carbon as an integrally acting adsorber exploitable. For this, the synthesis gas before it passes through the activated carbon filter by quenching and / or acidic / alkaline gas cleaning from the main amount of pollutants freed. These pollutants who which is transferred to wastewater treatment. Through this  Measure of using activated carbon for an on Synthesis gas generated in a defined manner is created extremely pre-cleaned gas without the dangers like it known for the cleaning of gases from Ver combustion processes occur. In a preferred one Execution variant of the procedure is the Water vapor content in the synthesis gas, for example Condensation cooling, preferably to less than 5 ° C brought to below 1 vol .-%. After another favorable embodiment can by efficient Drops and / or particle separation of the purity degrees can be further improved. It has been advantageous proved if this pre-cleaned gas Activated carbon filter with gas speeds below 0.3 m / s happens. The cleaning effect is additional Lich by adsorption chromatography on the active coal completed. Another preferred th embodiment, it is advantageous if the Passing the synthesis gas through the activated carbon lefilter a gradual increase in temperature is carried out up to 50 ° C, thereby a full To achieve utilization of all surface areas. Through the above-mentioned process features becomes a degree of purification of the dry synthesis gas achieved at which all possible pollutant concentrations tion below the possible measurement limit.

Durch die erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen kann erreicht werden, daß ein Aktivkohlefilter für die Langzeitnut­ zung, im Bereich größer als 6 Monate, eingesetzt wer­ den kann. Die ökologische Entsorgung beladener Aktiv­ kohle, prozeßintern im Rahmen der thermischen Synthe­ segaserzeugung, gelingt, da die Schadstoffsenken in der Abwasserbehandlung fixiert sind.The measures according to the invention can be achieved be that an activated carbon filter for the long-term groove tongue, in the area larger than 6 months, who used that can. The ecological disposal of loaded assets coal, in-process in the context of thermal synthesis Segas production succeeds because the pollutant sinks in wastewater treatment are fixed.

Die Erfindung wird anhand des nachstehenden Ausfüh­ rungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention is based on the following Ausfüh example explained in more detail.

Das auf der vorliegenden Verfahrensgrundlage erzeugte Synthesegas wurde in Mengen von 2000 Nm3/h mit 20 bis 30 Vol.-% Wasserstoff, weniger als 50 Vol.-% Kohlenmon­ oxid, einem Methananteil, der unter 5 Vol.-% lag, und weniger als 25 Vol.-% Kohlendioxid sowie Stickstoff mit einem Anteil unter 2 Vol.-% und schließlich einem Wasseranteil von unterhalb 1 Vol.-% bei einer Tempera­ tur von 5°C nach Aufwärmung auf über 30°C mit einer Strömungsgeschwindigkeit von ca. 0,2 m/sec durch eine Aktivkohleschüttung von 1600 mm Dicke hindurchgelei­ tet. Hierbei wurde eine Reduzierung der vorhandenen folgenden Verunreinigungen wie folgt gemessen:The synthesis gas generated on the basis of the present process was in amounts of 2000 Nm 3 / h with 20 to 30 vol .-% hydrogen, less than 50 vol .-% carbon monoxide, a methane content that was below 5 vol .-%, and less than 25 vol .-% carbon dioxide and nitrogen with a proportion of less than 2 vol .-% and finally a water proportion of less than 1 vol .-% at a temperature of 5 ° C after heating to over 30 ° C with a flow rate of approx. 0.2 m / sec passed through an activated carbon bed of 1600 mm thickness. A reduction in the following impurities was measured as follows:

Eine Aktivkohlemenge von 5000 kg erreichte nach 200 Tagen eine ca. 10%ige Beladung. Als erste Komponente wurde Schwefeldioxid bis 20 mg/Nm3 nach der Synthese­ gasverbrennung ermittelt, und danach wurde die thermi­ sche Entsorgung in 100-kg-Chargen über einen Zeitraum von 50 Tagen vorgenommen.An activated carbon amount of 5000 kg reached an approx. 10% load after 200 days. As the first component, sulfur dioxide up to 20 mg / Nm 3 was determined after the synthesis gas combustion, and then the thermal disposal in 100 kg batches was carried out over a period of 50 days.

Claims (6)

1. Verfahren zur Reinigung von bei Vergasungspro­ zessen mit Sauerstoff gebildetem Synthesegas, das aus der thermischen Behandlung von Entsor­ gungsgütern aller Art, wie unsortiertem, unbe­ handeltem, beliebige Schadstoffe in fester und/oder flüssiger Form enthaltenden Industrie-, Haus- und/oder Sondermüll gewonnen wird und bei dem das Synthesegas durch Quenchen und/oder sau­ re/alkalische Gasreinigung gereinigt wird und der Wasseranteil im Synthesegas verringert wird durch Verwendung von Aktivkohle als Filtermedi­ um, durch das das vorgereinigte Synthesegas mit einem geregelten Sauerstoffgehalt < 1 Vol.-% und einer Restfeuchte < 1 Vol.-% hindurchgeführt wird.1. Process for cleaning gasification pro eating oxygen-generated synthesis gas, that from the thermal treatment of waste disposal goods of all kinds, such as unsorted, uncontaminated traded, any pollutants in solid and / or liquid industrial, Household and / or special waste is won and at which the synthesis gas by quenching and / or sau re / alkaline gas cleaning is cleaned and the proportion of water in the synthesis gas is reduced by using activated carbon as a filter medium um, through which the pre-cleaned synthesis gas with a regulated oxygen content <1% by volume and a residual moisture <1 vol .-% passed becomes. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeich­ net, daß eine Reduzierung des Wasserdampfanteils im Synthesegas auf Werte unter 1 Vol.-%, durch Kondensationsabkühlung, vorzugsweise auf Tempe­ raturwerte < 5°C, erreicht wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in net that a reduction in the water vapor content in the synthesis gas to values below 1% by volume Condensation cooling, preferably on tempe temperature values <5 ° C. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 2, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß das Synthesegas vor dem Hindurch­ leiten durch den Aktivkohlefilter zusätzlich einer Tropfen- und/oder Partikelabscheidung un­ terzogen wird.3. The method according to claim 1 to 2, characterized records that the synthesis gas before passing through pass through the activated carbon filter a drop and / or particle separation un is educated. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß das vorgereinigte Synthesegas wäh­ rend der Hindurchleitung durch den Aktivkohle­ filter mit Gasgeschwindigkeiten unter 0,3 m/s, von restlichen Verunreinigungen über eine Ad­ sorptionschromatographie befreit wird.4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized records that the pre-cleaned synthesis gas passing through the activated carbon filters with gas velocities below 0.3 m / s,  of remaining impurities via an ad sorption chromatography is freed. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß beim Passieren des Aktivkohlefil­ ters, durch Ausbildung von Temperaturgradienten infolge schrittweiser Temperaturerhöhung, die volle Ausnutzung der Oberflächenbereiche der Aktivkohle erreicht wird.5. The method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized records that when passing the activated carbon fil ters, by forming temperature gradients due to gradual temperature increase, the full utilization of the surface areas of the Activated carbon is reached. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekenn­ zeichnet, daß nach Passieren des Synthesegases durch den Aktivkohlefilter zusätzlich ein Fließ­ filter zugeschaltet wird, um Feinstaubteile ab­ zuscheiden.6. The method according to claim 1 to 5, characterized records that after passing the synthesis gas a flow through the activated carbon filter filter is switched on to remove fine dust particles divorce.
DE19924242400 1992-12-09 1992-12-09 Purificn. of synthesis gas obtd. on thermally treating waste materials - comprises quenching and/or acid alkaline gas purificn., reducing water content with active charcoal, etc. Ceased DE4242400A1 (en)

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DE19924242400 DE4242400A1 (en) 1992-12-09 1992-12-09 Purificn. of synthesis gas obtd. on thermally treating waste materials - comprises quenching and/or acid alkaline gas purificn., reducing water content with active charcoal, etc.

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DE19924242400 DE4242400A1 (en) 1992-12-09 1992-12-09 Purificn. of synthesis gas obtd. on thermally treating waste materials - comprises quenching and/or acid alkaline gas purificn., reducing water content with active charcoal, etc.

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DE4242400A1 true DE4242400A1 (en) 1994-06-16

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3019830A1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-16 Gdf Suez METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING A SYNTHESIS GAS FROM A BIOMASS GASIFICATION STEP

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1258842B (en) * 1959-11-30 1968-01-18 Union Carbide Corp Process for removing moisture and sulfur compounds from gas mixtures formed in reforming plants
DE2650381B2 (en) * 1976-11-03 1979-04-05 Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen Process for the production of pure hydrogen from gases containing hydrogen
DE2832936A1 (en) * 1978-07-27 1980-02-14 Linde Ag Purificn. of gas mixts. contg. hydrogen sulphide - after catalytic removal of oxygen to prevent sulphur deposits in solvent wash
DE3519388A1 (en) * 1985-05-30 1986-12-04 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden METHOD FOR PURIFYING A GAS FLOW CONTAINING OXYGEN AND SULFUR COMPOUNDS

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1258842B (en) * 1959-11-30 1968-01-18 Union Carbide Corp Process for removing moisture and sulfur compounds from gas mixtures formed in reforming plants
DE2650381B2 (en) * 1976-11-03 1979-04-05 Bergwerksverband Gmbh, 4300 Essen Process for the production of pure hydrogen from gases containing hydrogen
DE2832936A1 (en) * 1978-07-27 1980-02-14 Linde Ag Purificn. of gas mixts. contg. hydrogen sulphide - after catalytic removal of oxygen to prevent sulphur deposits in solvent wash
DE3519388A1 (en) * 1985-05-30 1986-12-04 Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden METHOD FOR PURIFYING A GAS FLOW CONTAINING OXYGEN AND SULFUR COMPOUNDS

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Chem.-Ing.-Tech., 53 (1981) Nr. 2, S. 73-81 *
Patents Abstracts of Japan C-202, 23.12.1983, Vol. 7, Nr. 289 zur JP 58-168689 A2 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3019830A1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2015-10-16 Gdf Suez METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TREATING A SYNTHESIS GAS FROM A BIOMASS GASIFICATION STEP

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