DE4225988C2 - Process for the production of porous ceramic materials and their use - Google Patents
Process for the production of porous ceramic materials and their useInfo
- Publication number
- DE4225988C2 DE4225988C2 DE19924225988 DE4225988A DE4225988C2 DE 4225988 C2 DE4225988 C2 DE 4225988C2 DE 19924225988 DE19924225988 DE 19924225988 DE 4225988 A DE4225988 A DE 4225988A DE 4225988 C2 DE4225988 C2 DE 4225988C2
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- aerated concrete
- temperature
- concrete pieces
- hours
- porous ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 Silicate hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004464 cereal grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/02—Selection of the hardening environment
- C04B40/0263—Hardening promoted by a rise in temperature
- C04B40/0268—Heating up to sintering temperatures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/04—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
- B01J20/041—Oxides or hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28011—Other properties, e.g. density, crush strength
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3021—Milling, crushing or grinding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/027—Lightweight materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/16—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on silicates other than clay
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung poröser keramischer Werk stoffe, bei dem als Ausgangsmaterial handelsüblicher Porenbeton verwendet wird. Porenbeton wird aufgrund seiner spezifischen Materialeigenschaften be kanntlich vorwiegend in der Bauindustrie zum Herstellen von Leichtbausteinen und -fertigteilen verwendet. Für andere Einsatzgebiete, die beispielsweise eine höhere Druckfestigkeit, höhere Ad- und Absorption oder höhere Abriebfestigkeit erfordern, ist er dagegen nur bedingt geeignet.The invention relates to a method for producing porous ceramic work materials in which commercially available aerated concrete is used as the starting material becomes. AAC is due to its specific material properties Known mainly in the construction industry for the manufacture of lightweight building blocks and prefabricated parts used. For other areas of application, for example a higher compressive strength, higher ad and absorption or higher abrasion resistance require, however, it is only suitable to a limited extent.
Es wird ein Verfahren vorgeschlagen, bei dem durch einen einfachen Brenn vorgang der Porenbeton zu einem mit etwa den bekannten Silikasteinen ver gleichbaren Werkstoff mit u. a. höherer Druckfestigkeit, höherer Ad- und Ab sorption und höherer Abriebfestigkeit umgewandelt wird.A method is proposed in which by a simple burning process the aerated concrete to a ver with about the known silica stones comparable material with u. a. higher compressive strength, higher ad and ab sorption and higher abrasion resistance is converted.
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß der mit dem vorgeschlagenen Verfahren hergestellte, im folgenden als Silika-Werkstoff bezeichnete keramische Werkstoff einen gegenüber Porenbeton erhöhten Anteil von offenen Zellen aufweist. Er eignet sich deshalb aufgrund der dadurch vergrößerten inneren Oberfläche insbe sondere als Ad- und Absorbens, beispielsweise als Streumittel zum Aufsaugen von giftigen Flüssigkeiten, als Trägermaterial für Mikroorganismen bei der Ab wasserreinigung und im häuslichen Bereich als Katzenstreu. Ebenso ist eine Anwendung in der Technik als Filtrationsmittel für Flüssigkeiten und Gase denkbar. Schließlich kann der erfindungsgemäße Werkstoff, wie die bekannten Silikasteine, zur Thermoisolation beispielsweise von Brennöfen verwendet werden.It has been shown that the in the following ceramic material referred to as a ceramic material has an increased proportion of open cells compared to aerated concrete. It is suitable therefore, due to the increased internal surface area especially as an adsorbent and absorbent, for example as a scattering agent for vacuuming of toxic liquids, as a carrier material for microorganisms in the Ab water purification and at home as cat litter. Likewise is one Application in technology as a filtration medium for liquids and gases conceivable. Finally, the material according to the invention, like the known ones Silica stones, used for thermal insulation, for example, of kilns will.
In Anspruch 2 ist ein Verfahrensablauf genannt, der sich nach vielen Ver suchsreihen herauskristallisiert hat. Danach werden die Porenbetonstücke in nerhalb eines Zeitraums von 7 Stunden langsam auf eine Endtemperatur von 1230°C erhitzt. Die durch die Dehydratisierung der im Porenbeton enthaltenen Silikathydrate und durch temperaturabhängige Gefügeumwandlungen auftre tenden Volumenänderungen können während dieser langsamen Temperatur steigerung vonstatten gehen. Unter den gleichen Gesichtspunkten ist die an die 4-stündige Sinterphase sich anschließende und 7 Stunden dauernde Abküh lungsphase zu sehen.In claim 2, a process is called, which after many Ver search series has crystallized. Then the aerated concrete pieces in slowly to a final temperature of within 7 hours Heated to 1230 ° C. The by dehydrating those contained in the aerated concrete Silicate hydrates and by temperature-dependent structural changes Tending volume changes can occur during this slow temperature increase. From the same point of view, that is to the 4-hour sintering phase followed by 7 hours cooling to see the development phase.
Durch einen zusätzlichen Verfahrensschritt gemäß Anspruch 3 können aus den fertigen Silika-Werkstoffstücken je nach Anwendungsfall unterschiedliche Korngrößen eingestellt werden.By an additional method step according to claim 3 can produce different pieces of silica material depending on the application Grain sizes can be set.
Die in Anspruch 4 genannte Maßnahme hat den Vorteil, daß die bei der Her stellung von Porenbetonbausteinen mit einem Prozentsatz von etwa 7% an fallenden Mengen an Abfall und II. Wahl einer sinnvollen Wiederverwendung zugeführt werden können und nicht - wie bisher üblich - auf die ohnehin knapper werdenden Deponieplätze abgelagert werden müssen. Nach einer Schätzung des Autors fallen allein in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland rund 280.000 m³ Porenbetonabfall aus der Produktion an. Aus ähnlichen Gründen ist die Verwendung von Porenbeton vorteilhaft, der bei der Errichtung von Bauwerken anfällt.The measure mentioned in claim 4 has the advantage that the Her position of aerated concrete blocks with a percentage of about 7% falling amounts of waste and II. choice of meaningful reuse can be supplied and not - as usual so far - on the anyway increasingly scarce landfill sites have to be deposited. After a The author's estimate falls roughly in the Federal Republic of Germany alone 280,000 m³ of aerated concrete waste from production. For similar reasons is the use of aerated concrete advantageous in the construction of Structures.
Die Erfindung wird anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispieles näher erläutert.The invention is illustrated by a preferred embodiment explained.
Als Ausgangsstoff werden Ausschußbausteine aus Porenbeton der Klasse G-2 (DIN 4165) mit einem Raumgewicht von 500 kg/m³ im Format von 50/25/10 cm verwendet. Die Porenbetonsteine werden auf einem Plattformwagen jeweils mit Abstand voneinander und in drei Etagen übereinander aufgeschichtet und bei Umgebungstemperatur in einen Brennofen eingebracht. Die Temperatur im Innern des Brennofens wird nun innerhalb eines Zeitraums von 7 Stunden kon tinuierlich gesteigert, bis eine Endtemperatur von 1230°C erreicht ist. Danach werden die Porenbetonsteine 4 Stunden lang auf dieser Temperatur gehalten. Dabei findet, wie auch schon gegen Ende der Aufheizphase, ein Sintervorgang statt. Nach Ende der 4-stündigen Sinterphase wird die Temperatur des Brenn ofens innerhalb von 7 Stunden kontinuierlich auf Raumtemperatur abgesenkt. Die Umwandlung des Porenbetons in einen den Silikasteinen ähnlichen kera mischen Werkstoff ist nun abgeschlossen, das Produkt kann entnommen wer den. Je nach dem angestrebten Verwendungszweck werden die Silikawerk stoffblöcke anschließend beispielsweise in einem Kegelbrecher zerkleinert und das Zerkleinerungsgut sortiert. Der fertige Silika-Werkstoff weist folgende Pa rameter auf:Committee building blocks made of aerated concrete of class G-2 are used (DIN 4165) with a density of 500 kg / m³ in the format of 50/25/10 cm used. The aerated concrete blocks are each on a platform trolley Distance from each other and stacked on three levels and at Ambient temperature introduced into a kiln. The temperature in The interior of the kiln is now heated within 7 hours gradually increased until a final temperature of 1230 ° C is reached. After that the aerated concrete blocks are kept at this temperature for 4 hours. A sintering process takes place, as already towards the end of the heating phase instead of. At the end of the 4-hour sintering phase, the temperature of the kiln oven continuously lowered to room temperature within 7 hours. The transformation of the aerated concrete into a kera similar to the silica stones Mixing material is now complete, the product can be removed the. Depending on the intended use, the silica plant blocks of material are then crushed and, for example, in a cone crusher the comminuted material is sorted. The finished silica material has the following Pa parameters on:
- - Raumgewicht ca. 700 kg/m³- density approx. 700 kg / m³
- - Druckfestigkeit 15-20 N/mm²- compressive strength 15-20 N / mm²
- - sekundäre Absorption (gerechnet) ca. 630 l/m³- Secondary absorption (calculated) approx. 630 l / m³
- - Feuerfestigkeit bis 1400°C.- Fire resistance up to 1400 ° C.
Neben den oben bereits genannten Anwendungsbeispielen ist der erfindungs gemäße Silika-Werkstoff in Korngrößen von bis etwa 2 mm als Träger für Pflanzenschutzmittel geeignet. Dazu wird der feinkörnige Silikawerkstoff mit dem pulverförmigen Pflanzenschutzmittel vermengt. Aufgrund seiner stark ver größerten äußeren und zum Teil auch inneren Oberfläche wird das Pflanzen schutzmittel praktisch vollständig adsorbiert. Das so vorbehandelte Silika- Werkstoff-Granulat kann beispielsweise mit Getreidekörnern vor deren Aussaat vermischt oder direkt auf den Ackerboden ausgetragen werden. Besonders bei diesem Anwendungsfall macht sich positiv bemerkbar, daß sich der erfin dungsgemäße Werkstoff praktisch pH-neutral verhält.In addition to the application examples already mentioned, the invention appropriate silica material in grain sizes of up to about 2 mm as a carrier for Pesticide suitable. The fine-grained silica material is also used mixed with the powdered pesticide. Because of its strong ver Planting becomes the largest outer and partly also the inner surface protective agents are almost completely adsorbed. The pretreated silica Material granules can be used, for example, with cereal grains before they are sown mixed or carried directly to the arable soil. Especially at this application has a positive effect that the inventions material according to the invention behaves practically pH-neutral.
Der nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellte Werkstoff eignet sich aufgrund seiner relativ scharfkantigen Zellwände an der Kornoberfläche bei spielsweise als Abriebmittel zum Aufrauhen von Jeansstoffen zur Erzeugung des in der Modebranche als "stone-washed" bekannten Erscheinungsbildes. Gegenüber herkömmlichen Scheuermitteln, wie beispielsweise Bimssteinchen, haben Granulate aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoff den Vorteil, daß sie wesentlich abriebfester sind und daher längere Standzeiten aufweisen. Der durch gegenseitigen Abrieb bedingte Abfall ist entsprechend gering.The material produced by the method according to the invention is suitable due to its relatively sharp-edged cell walls on the grain surface for example as an abrasion agent for roughening jeans fabrics for production of the appearance known in the fashion industry as "stone-washed". Compared to conventional abrasives, such as pumice stones, granules made from the material according to the invention have the advantage that they are significantly more resistant to abrasion and therefore have a longer service life. Of the waste caused by mutual abrasion is correspondingly low.
Weitere Anwendungsbeispiele für den erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoff sind der Einsatz in der Agrarwirtschaft als Bodenstrukturverbesserer, und in der Bau industrie als Leichtbetonzuschlag.Further application examples for the material according to the invention are Use in agriculture as a soil structure improver, and in construction industry as a lightweight concrete surcharge.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19924225988 DE4225988C2 (en) | 1992-08-06 | 1992-08-06 | Process for the production of porous ceramic materials and their use |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19924225988 DE4225988C2 (en) | 1992-08-06 | 1992-08-06 | Process for the production of porous ceramic materials and their use |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE4225988A1 DE4225988A1 (en) | 1994-02-10 |
| DE4225988C2 true DE4225988C2 (en) | 1996-11-07 |
Family
ID=6464959
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19924225988 Expired - Lifetime DE4225988C2 (en) | 1992-08-06 | 1992-08-06 | Process for the production of porous ceramic materials and their use |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE4225988C2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE20010647U1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2001-10-31 | Burg-Wächter KG Alfred Lüling, 58540 Meinerzhagen | Backup cabinet |
| DE4430371B4 (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 2004-02-05 | Clion Co., Ltd. | Water treatment ceramics and process for their manufacture |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2503174C1 (en) * | 2012-06-07 | 2014-01-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Гранд" | Litter for pet toilet |
-
1992
- 1992-08-06 DE DE19924225988 patent/DE4225988C2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4430371B4 (en) * | 1993-08-27 | 2004-02-05 | Clion Co., Ltd. | Water treatment ceramics and process for their manufacture |
| DE20010647U1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2001-10-31 | Burg-Wächter KG Alfred Lüling, 58540 Meinerzhagen | Backup cabinet |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4225988A1 (en) | 1994-02-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8110 | Request for examination paragraph 44 | ||
| D2 | Grant after examination | ||
| 8364 | No opposition during term of opposition | ||
| 8327 | Change in the person/name/address of the patent owner |
Owner name: FORSCHUNGSLABOR POROCERAM GBR (VERTRETUNGSBERECHTI |
|
| 8381 | Inventor (new situation) |
Inventor name: ZLATANOF, BASSILIOS, 96120 BISCHBERG, DE |
|
| R071 | Expiry of right | ||
| R071 | Expiry of right |