DE2723233A1 - METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A HYDRAULIC MOERTEL OR CONCRETE - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the production of hydraulic mortars or concrete from residual products from industry. In particular, the invention relates to a method for producing a hydraulic mortar or concrete from a metallurgical slag and a residual product of the process for the production of soda with the help of ammonia.

One of the main difficulties encountered in the operation of ammonia soda factories as described in the monograph "Manufacture von Soda "by Te-Pang-Hou, Hafner Publishing Company (1969), occurs at a distance the residual products from the distillation columns of the mother

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alkalis resulting from the precipitation of sodium bicarbonate. Such residual products consist of aqueous solutions of calcium chloride and sodium chloride that are in suspension various insoluble salts in particular calcium aluminate, calcium silicate, potassium carbonate and calcium sulfate as well as silica, iron oxides and calcium hydroxide.

In one by A. Kryzanovskaja in the magazine "Stroitelnye materialy, Vol. 4 (1958) pp. 25-26, published study it has already been proposed to use this residual sludge for the production of metallurgical cements. To this The purpose is to mix a granulated blast furnace slag intimately with the moist sludge, which is about 75 to 80 # Contain water in an amount of about 85 # slag to 15 # sludge, then dry it that way obtained mixture and crushed it until a powdery Cement obtained, which has a specific surface area of about 3000 cmVg.

Metallurgical cements obtained in this way enable the production of mortars which have mechanical properties that are comparable to those of conventional blast furnace cements.

Although this previously known mode of operation partially solves the problem posed by the removal of distillation residues from soda factories by the ammonia process by making it possible to use them, it nevertheless has the disadvantage that it consumes a lot of energy because of the high water content of the sludge from the soda factory, since this is water must be removed during the drying process. In addition, this drying process involves the risk of being detrimental to the quality of the cement because of the presence of carbon dioxide in the drying gases.

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The object of the invention is to avoid this disadvantage of the previously known mode of operation.

It has now been found that hydraulic mortar or concrete can be produced directly by adding metallurgical slag and fillers or aggregates to the aqueous, remaining suspension of distillation columns from soda factories operating according to the ammonia process without the intermediate production of anhydrous cement.

The invention therefore relates to a method for producing a hydraulic mortar or concrete, in which a hydraulic binding agent, an activator, optionally an aggregate material and / or an additional material and water are mixed and the hydraulic binding agent comprises a metallurgical slag, which is characterized in that the activator and the water are at least partially formed by an aqueous, remaining suspension from a distillation column from a soda factory operating according to the ammonia process.

In the process according to the invention, it is the task of the activator to initiate the setting of the hydraulic binder in the presence of water.

The method according to the invention is applicable to the production of hydraulic mortars or hydraulic concrete types . In the special case of application for the production of a hydraulic mortar, one usually adds a kie selerdehaltigen aggregate such as sand to the mixture of slag and remaining suspension from the soda factory. In the case of application for the production of hydraulic concrete, granular aggregates are added to the mixture of slag and aqueous, remaining suspension from the soda factory

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(Granules) as they are commonly used in concrete compositions can be used, for example a mixture of gravel and sand.

In the process according to the invention, aqueous, remaining Use suspensions as they come out of the distillation columns of ammonia soda factories. However it is It is advantageous to concentrate such aqueous suspensions beforehand, e.g. by decanting, so that they are between approximately Contain 20 and 60 wt. # Dry material and preferably between 25 and 50 wt. # Dry material.

According to the invention, the metallurgical slag is advantageous a vitreous ironworks slag, e.g. a basic, granulated blast furnace slag.

According to a variant, one can use a slag from a steel mill, which was obtained in a vitreous form * and Contains hydraulic components.

If necessary, in addition to the metallurgical slag, Portland cement or other can be added to the mortar composition Enter binding agent.

The properties of the types of mortar and concrete obtained by using the method of the present invention depend on otherwise the same conditions on the grain size distribution or the fineness of the grinding of the slag. According to the invention it is advantageous to regulate the fineness of the grinding of the slag so that it values between essentially 1000 and 8000 Blaine, and preferably 3000 and 6000 Blaine.

To the mechanical properties of the according to the invention Methods obtained mortar and concrete types

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To improve manufactured products, one can use the mixture of slag and remaining suspension from the soda factory Enter additional aggregates or fillers, as they are usually used in hydraulic mortar or concrete compositions can be used, e.g. split, glass particles, mineral and / or organic fibers. In addition, can one in the mixture usually to improve the thermal insulation properties and / or the sound insulation properties of the materials used, e.g. vermiculite, Perlite, cork, wood chips, expanded polystyrene.

In an advantageous variant of the method according to the invention one adds fibrils from one to the mixture of slag and residual suspension from the soda factory synthetic polymer and a wetting agent for the polymer added, as in the French patent application 76.O3O21 described by the applicant.

According to the invention, the mixture of slag and residual suspension from the soda factory can also be added add additives that are commonly used to give hydraulic mortars special properties to be granted, e.g. liquefiers, thickeners, plasticizers, water-repellent or waterproofing agents, pigments, in and of themselves for masses of hydraulic Mortar known quantities.

The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of hydraulic mortars or hydraulic concrete types, which are intended for the production of rigid, compact, non-cellular building materials, e.g. bricks, Roof panels, panels, posts or masts, small piles, building panels, etc.

According to a variant, the method according to the invention takes place

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also an advantageous application for the production of mortars, which are used for the manufacture of building materials with rigid, cellular structure after the input of a silica-containing additive and a pore-forming agent to the Mixture of slag and aqueous, residual suspension from the soda factory are intended. That way it is possible, in particular to produce bricks, blocks or other materials with a cellular structure that are used in the Brickwork can be used in the building sector and have good acoustic and thermal insulation properties. According to In a variant, such cellular materials can also include reinforcements that improve their tensile strength should.

The method according to the invention can be carried out, for example, in a grinding mixer known per se, which is equipped with the slag, the aqueous suspension as well as water, the aggregates or fillers and any additives is fed, the mortar or the concrete being dispensed into a corresponding formwork. According to a variant you can also grind the dry components, especially the slag, and then the ground, Introduce dry ingredients and the aqueous, residual suspension from the soda factory separately into a mixer .

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention A method used in particular for the production of non-cellular types of mortar or concrete is mixed to the aqueous, residual suspension, which contains 100 parts by weight of dry components, between 75 and 1000 and preferably between 150 and 750 parts by weight of slag, between 200 and 150 and preferably between 35Ο and 1000 Parts by weight of the silica-containing surcharge and, if necessary, a sufficient supplementary amount of water so that the

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Mixture contains between about 100 and 400 parts by weight of water.

The silica-containing aggregate advantageously consists of sand; in a variant it can also contain fly ash, originating, for example, from thermal power plants for the production of electricity.

According to a variant, suitable mixtures can be added to the aforementioned mixture Add granules or granular aggregates such as pebbles to produce concrete.

For the production of cellular types of mortar, a silica-containing aggregate and a pore-forming agent are added Mixture of slag and aqueous, residual suspension from the soda factory.

Substances such as those commonly used can be used as pore-forming agents used in the production of cellular concrete types, e.g. zinc or aluminum powder.

In a particular embodiment of the process according to the invention, the pore former can be an inorganic peroxide, preferably use hydrogen peroxide. In fact, it has been observed in practice that it in the method according to the invention is not necessary to the mortar composition, a catalyst or a To add reactants to decompose the inorganic peroxide, which is contrary to the usual teaching of the literature see Schumb, Satterfield, Wentworth: "Hydrogen peroxide", Reinhold Publishing Corp. (1955) pp. 467-469 and 611-612.

In a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention, applied to the production of a cellular one Mortar, if the composition of the mixture is regulated

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art that it contains between 10 and 70 % dry matter in weight of dry matter of the aqueous, residual suspension from the soda factory, between 0.03 and 1 # pore-forming agent and between 15 and 80 % metallurgical slag, the remainder being due to the silica-containing aggregate and possible additives are formed; In addition, the total amount of water in the mixture is regulated so that it is between 30 and 200% by weight of the dry substances in the mixture.

In a preferred variant of this embodiment of the invention, the composition of the mixture is regulated in such a way that it contains between 15 and 60 % dry matter of the residual suspension from the soda factory, between 0.07 and 0.4 · Ί / ό pore-forming agent, which is preferably a Zinc or aluminum powder is between 20 and 50 % metallurgical slag, preferably a granulated, basic blast furnace slag, and contains between 10 and 60 % of a silica-containing aggregate, and the total amount of water in the mixture is regulated so that it is between 40 and 100 wt. # of the dry substances of the mixture is.

For the production of dense, non-cellular building materials from one produced by the method according to the invention Mortar or concrete is poured this mortar or concrete into a formwork, then the formwork is removed so that it can be removed of the material after the mortar or concrete has set and hardened. According to normal practice, one can remove the formwork before or after the binding agent has set, depending on the consistency of the fresh mixture this allows or not.

Advantageously, according to the invention, the setting and hardening in the formwork can be carried out in air at ambient temperature and perform under atmospheric pressure. All other things being equal, those according to the invention

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Mortar and concrete types obtained by this method have the remarkable advantage that the energy consumption is reduced considerably if they are used for the production of dense, non- cellular building materials . It is also possible to accelerate the setting by working at a higher temperature than the ambient temperature.

According to a variant, the material can be subjected to compression before setting in order to give it an appropriate shape and to improve its mechanical strength after hardening.

According to another variant, metal reinforcements can be arranged in the formwork before the mortar or concrete mass is poured, which are intended to improve the tensile strength of the material.

Reinforcements for their corrosion to avoid in contact with the slag or the rückständi gen suspension from the Sodafabrik, example, by enveloping immersion painting with a layer of bitumen, a Antikorro or a film of plastics material v / ground preferably treated steel.

In order to produce stiff and cell-like building materials from mortar obtained by the method according to the invention, a blank of the material is formed with the mortar containing a kieselerdehal term aggregate and a pore-forming agent, the mortar of the blank is expanded and it binds and then brings the blank into a Drying oven or an autoclave to complete hardening.

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- ΛβΓ-

According to the invention, the expansion or swelling and setting of the mortar of the blank can be carried out at ambient temperature under atmospheric pressure. However, according to the invention, it is preferred to carry out the expansion or swelling and the setting of the mortar at a temperature essentially between 4-0 and 100 ^° C., so that the duration of the operation is reduced. The duration of the working process of setting and expanding or inflating can be reduced in this way to less than 24 hours.

Preferably the blank is autoclaved at a temperature essentially between 100 and 200 C in the presence of water vapor under a pressure essentially subject to between 5 and 20 kg / cm.

The method according to the invention has the advantage that it is used as the main starting material for the binding agent of the mortar or concrete only requires industrial residues, and that there is, moreover, no drying level at high Requires temperature in a cement kiln.

The types of mortar and concrete obtained by the process according to the invention also have the considerable advantage on that the setting and hardening takes place at ambient temperature and under atmospheric pressure, so that they can easily be used on a construction site and the production of building materials such as panels, Brick blocks, bricks, roof panels, pipes and beams at low cost. However it is Of course, to accelerate the setting and hardening of the process according to the invention The mortar and concrete types obtained should be heated to a moderate temperature in the order of e.g. 4-0 to 220 ° 0 can.

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In addition, keeping all other conditions constant has been found that the according to the invention Method obtained mortar have better mechanical properties than mortar, which from the after the aforementioned working method obtained from Kryzanovskaja, metallurgical cements were produced. With comparable mechanical properties, the Mortar obtained by the process according to the invention generally has a higher content of residual product from the ammonia soda factory than those made from the Kryzanovskaja metallurgical cement Mortar is possible. The invention therefore enables an advantageous solution for eliminating the residual Sludges from distillation columns of ammonia soda plants by enabling their use.

The types of mortar and concrete obtained by the method according to the invention can easily be close to a metallurgical Plant or, preferably, in the vicinity of an ammonia soda factory, from where they can then be used can be transported to their place of consumption.

The invention is illustrated in more detail by means of the following examples.

First series of experiments

The following experiments relate to the production of the invention Mortars for making dense, non-cellular building materials.

example 1

A hydraulic mortar was made by using a blast furnace slag, sand, and a residual sludge Wt .-% dry solids from an ammonia soda factory distillation column and water were mixed.

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In the following Tables I and II, the compositions of the slag and the sludge are given, expressed in g per kg dry matter.

Table I.

Blast furnace slag Table II S / kg g / kg Components 379.8 129 CaO - 285 free CaO 330.9 62 SiO ₂ 140.4 316 Al ₂ O ₃ 2.3 123 Fe ₂ O ₃ - 16 FeO 81.5 31 MgO 4.8 1 Na ₂ O 5.6 37 K ₂ O 6.4 * « Mn ₂ O ₃ - TiO ₂ 5.2 Ti ₂ O ₃ - SrO 1.7 so ₃ Soda factory mud Components CaSO ₄ CaCO ₃ CaOHCl Mg (OH) ₂ Ca (OH) ₂ A1 ₂ O3 Fe ₂ O ₃ TiO ₂ total SiO ₂

The fineness of grinding the slag was adjusted to the order of 500 Blaine while using a normalized sand of the "Rilem-Cembureau" type .

The composition of the mixture was adjusted so that for 100 parts by weight of dry substance of the sludge there were 96.3 parts by weight of the slag, 247 parts by weight of sand and 174 parts by weight of water.

With the mortar obtained in this way, parallelepiped test specimens were made 1 · χ 1 · χ 16 cm.

The compressive strength of the test specimens was 90 kg / cm , measured seven days after the mortar had been poured, and increased to 14-7 kg / cm ² after 28 days.

Example 2

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with the same starting materials were used, however, the composition of the mortar was adjusted in this case is that on IOO parts by weight of dry matter of the slurry 154 parts by weight slag, 395 parts by weight of sand, and 195 parts by weight of water accounted for.

The test specimens produced with this mortar had a compressive strength of 15 ^, 5 kg / cm after 7 days and of 204 kg /

ρ
cm after 28 days.

Example 3

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated, the composition of the mortar being adjusted so that 371 parts by weight of the slag, 954 parts by weight of the sand and 291 parts by weight of water accounted for 100 parts by weight of dry substance of the sludge.

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The test specimens produced with the mortar obtained in this way had a compressive strength of 150 kg / cm after 7 days and of 269 kg / cm ² after 28 days.

Example 4

The procedure of the previous examples was repeated, in this case a slag was used, the fineness of which corresponded to a value of 3200 Blaine. The composition of the mortar was adjusted so that on 100 parts by weight of dry matter of the sludge, 154 parts by weight of slag, 395 parts by weight of sand and 190 parts by weight There was no water.

The test specimens produced with this mortar had a compressive strength of 170.2 kg / cm ² after 7 days and of 24-1 kg /

ο
cm after 28 days.

Example 5

It has a hydraulic mortar using the procedure of Example 1, but in this case a slurry with 27 wt -.% Dry substance and a slag having a fineness of grinding of 3200 Blaine, whose composition is given in Table III below, were used.

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QO g / kg 2723233 Table III 397.67 - 340.26 Blast furnace slag 112.59 Components - GaO 29.58 free GaO 66.34 SiO ₂ 6.63 Al ₂ O ₃ 9.35 Pe ₂ O ₃ 7.23 PeO 4.27 MgO Na ₂ O K ₂ O TiO

SrO 0.62

The composition of the mixture was adjusted so that for 100 parts by weight of dry substance of the sludge 555 parts by weight Slag, 555 parts by weight of sand and 317 parts by weight of water were omitted.

The test specimens had a compressive strength of 158.5 kg / cm after 7 days.

Example 6

The procedure of Example 5 was repeated with the exception that the oxide-containing surcharge consists of a mixture of 371 parts by weight of sand and 185 parts by weight of fly ash

insisted on 100 parts by weight dry substance of the sludge.

; me
Plugash selected, which had a grind fineness of 3000 Blaine _. and their composition in

is given in Table IV below.

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Tabel IV g / kg Fly ash 72.25 Components 21.47 CaO 438.11 free CaO 206.73 SiO ₂ 94.39 Al ₂ O ₃ - 14.22 FeO 9.98 MgO 19.06 Na ₂ O 1.13 K ₂ O 11.29 Mn ₂ O ₃ 2.39. TiO ₂ 17.08 SrO SO ₃

A compressive strength of 163 kg /

ο
cm measured after 7 days.

Example 7

The procedure of Example 5 was repeated, the composition of the mortar being adjusted so that it on 100 parts by weight of dry matter of the sludge, 741 parts by weight of slag, 741 parts by weight of sand and 333 parts by weight Contained water.

The test specimens produced with this mortar had a compressive strength of 190 kg / cm ² after 7 days.

In the following Table V the results of Examples 1 to 7 are summarized, which relate to mortars obtained using the process according to the invention and intended for the production of building materials with a dense, non-cellular structure

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1 - Vf- V Examples 4th 2723233 - 6th 7th 100 Tabel 100 100 100 Components of the 96 3 154 555 741 wft f \ ^ * "T ™ i% I ft 247 100 395 5 371 741 (Parts by weight) - 2 371 - 100 185 - Mud (dry sub
punch) 74 100 954 90 555 111 62 slag 174 , 3 154 - 190 555 382 333 sand 395 191 - Plug ash - 291 46 Make-up water 90 95 317 i 163 190 Total water 147 195 - - Compressive strength 5 150 (kg / cm ² ) 269 170.2 158.5 - after 7 days 154, 241 - after 28 days 204

For comparison, it should be noted that hydraulic mortars obtained from a metallurgical cement, as described in the above-mentioned study by Kryzanovskaja, and 85 % slag and hardly 15 % residue from distillation

a soda factory contained a compressive strength of 120 kg / PP

cm after 7 days and of 160 kg / cm after 28 days .

A comparison of these results with those of Examples 1 to 7 according to the invention immediately shows the advantage of the process according to the invention with regard to the removal and use of aqueous, residual suspensions from distillation columns of ammonia soda plants. The results actually show that the process according to the invention enables the production of hydraulic mortars with at least comparable and generally better mechanical properties than mortars obtained by the known method of Kryzanovskaja with significantly higher contents of residues from the soda factory.

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- «5 - ■

Second series of experiments

The experiments in the following examples relate to the preparation carried out according to the process according to the invention of mortars for cellular building materials.

Example 8

A hydraulic mortar was made by using a blast furnace slag, sand, a residual sludge from a Distillation column of an ammonia soda factory, an aluminum powder as a pore former and water were mixed. In the Tables VI and VII below are the respective compositions of the slag and the sludge, expressed in g per kg of solids.

Table 1 g / kg 412 η 333. 133 Blast furnace slag 29 Components 58 CaO 7th SiO ₂ 5 Al ₂ O ₃ 6th Fe ₂ O ₃ 11 MgO K ₂ O Mn ₂ O ₃ TiO ₂ S.

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Table VII g / kg 130 397 Soda factory mud 159 Components 8th CaSO ₄ 23 CaCO 22nd Mg (OH) ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O ₃ SiO ₂ , total

The sludge used was an aqueous suspension containing 363 g of undissolved pesticides per kg.

The blast furnace slag was crushed to a fineness of grinding of 30000 Blaine, and the sand used was a finely crushed sand.

The composition of the mixture, expressed in weight% total dry substance, was adjusted in the following way:

Blast furnace slag: 30.8 #

Dry matter of the sludge from the soda factory: 15 »5 #

Sand: 53.7 *

Aluminum powder: 0.07 #

Total water: 49 »5 &

The mortar thus prepared was poured into a mold made of polyethylene , and the expansion or swelling and setting of the mortar was allowed to proceed in the mold for 24 hours at ambient temperature and under atmospheric pressure . The blank produced in this way was then removed from the mold and treated in an autoclave with steam at 180 ° C. under a pressure of 12 kg / cm for 8 hours in order to complete the setting and hardening of the mortar

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to feed through.

After the material thus obtained had cooled, it was cut into cubic test specimens with a side length of 4 cm which have been determined to have the following properties:

Apparent specific weight: 0.74 kg / dm Compressive strength: 47.1 kg / cm ²

Example 9

The procedure of Example 8 was repeated, changing in this case the composition of the mixture of mortar mass was adjusted as follows:

Blast furnace slag: 46.1 %

Dry matter of the sludge from the soda factory: 15.5 %

Sand: 38.4 #

Aluminum powder: $ 0.13

Total water: 51 %

Cellular made from this mortar composition Test specimens had the following properties:

apparent specific weight: 0.70 kg / dm- ³ compressive strength: 79 kg / cm ²

Example 10

The procedure of Example 8 was repeated with a blast furnace slag having a grind fineness of 4000 Blaine. About that In addition, the mortar composition was adjusted as follows:

Blast furnace slag: 23 %

Dry matter of the sludge from the soda factory: 30.8 y6

Sand: 46.2 %

Aluminum powder: $ 0.10

Total water: 73.0 %

The following properties were determined on test specimens:

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apparent specific weight: 0.63 kg / dnr
Compressive strength: 4-3.0 kg / cm

Example 11

A hydraulic mortar was prepared using the procedure of Example 8, including the blast furnace slag according to Table VI, ground to a fineness of 4000 Blaine, and a residual sludge from the distillation
from the ammonia soda factory, the composition of which is given in Table VIII, in g per kg of dry matter of this sludge. This sludge contained 303 g of solids in suspension per kg.

Table VIII g / kg 145 374 Soda factory mud 237 Components 20th
10
73 CaSO ₄ CaCO-, Mg (OH) ₂ Al ₂ O ₃
Fe ₂ O ₃
SiOp, overall

The composition of the mortar was set as follows:

Blast furnace slag: 38.5 9

Dry matter of the sludge from the soda factory: 15.5 3

Sand: 46.0 5

Aluminum powder: 0.1 Ji

Total water: 47.4 9

The test specimens of cellular material obtained from this mortar in accordance with the procedure of Example 8 had the following properties:

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- 22 -

apparent specific weight: 0.86 kg / dm * compressive strength: 73.4 kg / cm ²

Example 12

The procedure of Example 11 was followed with the following mortar composition repeated:

Blast furnace slag: 33.0 %

Dry matter of the residual sludge

from the soda factory: 40.0 J *

Sand: 32.0 %

Aluminum powder: 0.2 #

Total water: 77.4 #

The test specimens had the following properties:

apparent specific weight: 0.61 kg / dnr compressive strength: 45.3 kg / cm ²

Example 15

A hydraulic mortar was made using the procedure of Example 8, including a blast furnace slag with a Blaine value of 4-000, the composition of which is given in the Table IX below shows sand and a residual sludge from the distillation of an ammonia soda factory, its Composition given in Table X below were used. This slurry contained 366 grams of solids in suspension per kg.

Table IX

Blast furnace slag

Components pykg

CaO 424

337 138 18

MgO 58

K ₂ O 10

Mn ₂ O ₃ 709850/0819 10

TiO ₂ 9

P. 14

72 Soda factory Table X g / kg 203 Mud from the 691 Components 37 CaSO ^ 11 CaCO ₃ 5 Mg (OH) ₂ 13th Al ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O ₃ SiO ₂ , total

The composition of the mortar was adjusted as follows:

Blast furnace slag: 3O #

Dry matter of the sludge from the soda factory: 5O #

Sand: 20 #

Aluminum powder: 0.094 %

Total water: .77 #

The test specimens of ζell-like material obtained from this mortar in accordance with the procedure of Example 8 had has the following properties:

apparent specific weight: 0.66 kg / dnr compressive strength: 37.9 kg / cm ²

Example 14

The procedure of Example 8 was repeated, except for Production of the mortar from the residual sludge from a soda factory. the composition of which is given in Table VIII is, fly ash as a silica-containing aggregate, the composition of which is given in Table IV, and a blast furnace slag with a Blaine value of 3100, its weight-wise Composition given in Table IX were used.

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The mortar produced had the following composition Weight, expressed as a percentage of the total weight of the dry substances, on:

Blast furnace slag: 32.0 #

Dry matter of the sludge from the soda factory: 36.0 #

Fly ash: 32.0 #

Aluminum powder: 0.12 #

Total water: 81.0 "

Test specimens produced from this mortar composition had the following properties:

Apparent specific weight: 0.66 kg / dnr Compressive strength: 34.4 kg / cm ²

In the following Table XI the results of Examples 8 to 14 are compiled, which show the application of the invention for the production of building materials with a cellular structure.

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Components of the mortar (wt .- ^ dry substance)

Examples

10 11

12 13

Blast furnace slag 30.8 46.1 23 38.5 33.0 30 32.0

Soda factory sludge (dry matter) 15.5 15.5 30.8 15.5 40.0 50 36.0

Sand 53.7 38.4 46.2 46.0 32.0 20

Plugasche ______ 32.0

Aluminum powder. 0.07 0.13 0.10 0.1 0.2 0.094 0.12

Total water

49.5 51 78.0 47.4 77.4 77 81.0

Test specimen

apparent, spec. Weight (kg / dm3)

Compressive strength (kg / cm ² )

0.74 0.70 0.63 0.86 0.61 0 £ 6 0.66 47.1 79 43.0 73.4 45.3 37.9 34.4

For comparison, the apparent specific gravity and compressive strength of some commercially available blocks with a cellular structure based on hydraulic mortar, as commonly used in the construction industry, were measured. Two blocks with a cell-like structure of a commercial variety (DUROX, Netherlands) and three blocks with a cell-like structure of another commercial variety (SIPOREX from Siporex GmbH) were examined in succession. The results obtained in this way are compiled in Table XII below.

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Table XII

Material / origin of the material apparent, spec. Pressure-weight (kg / dm ⁵ ) strength

(kg / cm ² )

Type 1 / DUROX 0.67 55.0

Grade 1 / DUROX 0.65 51.5

Type 2 / SIPOREX 0.65 39

Type 2 / SIPOREX 0.61 33.5

Type 2 / SIPOREX 0.61 26.5

A comparison of the values in Tables XI and XII shows that the materials with a cellular structure according to the invention have at least comparable, but generally better mechanical properties than the commercially available materials with a cellular structure as commonly used in the construction industry.

- patent claims -

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Claims (32)

Claims Process for the production of a hydraulic mortar or concrete, in which a metallurgical Hydraulic binder containing slag, an activator for the slag, optionally one Aggregate and / or an additive and water mixed, characterized in that the activator and the water at least partially through an aqueous, residual suspension from a distillation column from an ammonia soda factory. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the aqueous suspension in a concentrated form is used, and that it contains between about 20 and 60 wt .- # dry substances. 3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the aqueous residual suspension is between about 4-0 and 50 weight -% dry contains substances.. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that as metallurgical Slag a vitreous ironworks slag is used. 5 · Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the iron and steel slag is a comprises granulated, basic blast furnace slag. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that one adds to the mixture a silica-containing surcharge, admits. 703850/0819 ORIGINAL INSPECTED 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that that the oxide containing aggregate contains sand. 8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the kxeselerdehaltige surcharge fly ash contains. 9 · The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the aggregate for concrete compositions includes granules known per se. 10.Verfahren according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the fineness of the Verinahlens regulates the slag to values between practically 1000 and 8000 Blaine. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that that one regulates the fineness of the grinding of the slag to values between practically 300 and 6000 Blaine. 12. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that to the aqueous, residual, 100 parts by weight of the suspension containing dry matter between 75 and 100 parts by weight of the slag, between 200 and 15OO parts by weight of the silica containing Surcharge and v / ater in sufficient quantity to give the mixture between approximately 100 and 4-00 parts by weight v / ater to be added, admixed. 13. The method according to claim 12, characterized in that that between I50 and 750 parts by weight of Slag and between 35O and 1000 parts by weight of the siliceous earth Surcharge. 14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that fibers zueiyg to the mixture as an additive _{? Q g Q / Q} ^ _{y g} 15 · Process according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the mixture is added as an additive Fibrils made from a synthetic polymer and a wetting agent for the fibrils adds. 16. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 15, characterized in that there is added to the mixture as an additive adds a pore former. 17 · The method according to claim 16, characterized in that, that an inorganic peroxide is added to the mixture as a pore former. 18. The method according to claim 17, characterized in that that the inorganic peroxide is hydrogen peroxide used. 19 · Method according to claim 16, characterized in that it is marked e t that the pore former is an aluminum or zinc powder. 20. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 19, characterized in that the composition of the mixture is regulated in such a way that it is between 10 and 70 % dry substance of the aqueous suspension, between 0.05 and 1 % pore-forming agent and in weight of dry substance of the mixture contains between 15 and 80 % metallurgical slag, the remainder being formed by the aggregate containing kiesie and any additives that may be present, and that the amount of total water in the mixture is practically between 30 and 200% by weight of the dry substance of the mixture. 21. The method according to claim 20, characterized in that that you can adjust the composition of the mixture in such a way 709850/0819 regulates that it contains in weight of dry substance of the mixture between 15 and 60 # dry substance of the aqueous suspension, between 0.07 and 0.4 % pore former, between 20 and 50 # metallurgical slag and between 10 and 60 # of a silica-containing additive, and that the amount of total water of the mixture is practically between 40 and 100 wt .- # of the dry substance of the mixture. 22. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the mixture also contains Portland cement as a binder. 23 · The method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that preparing the mixture in a Mahlmischwerk. 24. Dense, hydraulic mortar or concrete, obtained by using the method according to the invention according to one of claims 1 to 15 · 25 · Cell-like mortar, obtained by using the method according to one of claims 16 to 23 · , Is allowed to 26. A process for producing rigid one and dense, non-cell-like building material, in which one pours a hydraulic mortar or a hydraulic concrete into a formwork tie off the mortar or concrete to harden, characterized in that, in the formwork a mortar or Pouring concrete according to claim 24 27. The method according to claim 26, characterized in that setting and hardening are carried out in air at ambient temperature and under atmospheric pressure. 709850/0819 28. Process for the production of a cell-like, rigid building material, in which one forms a blank of the material with a hydraulic mortar, one the mortar of the blank expand or expand and set and then this a treatment in a drying oven or in an autoclave subject, characterized in that the hydraulic mortar according to claim 25 is used as the mortar. 29 · Procedure according to. Claim 28, characterized in that that you expand or expand the mortar of the blank at ambient temperature and under atmospheric pressure. can puff and set. 30. The method according to claim 28, characterized in that the mortar of the blank is allowed to expand or expand and set ^{at a temperature essentially between 4-0 and 100 0 C.} 31 · Process according to one of Claims 28 to 3O, characterized in that the blank is treated in an autoclave at a temperature substantially between 100 and 200 ° C in the presence of water vapor under a pressure essentially between 5 and 20 kg / cm ^. 32. Building material obtained by the method according to claim 26 or 27. 33 · Building material with a cellular structure, obtained according to the method according to one of Claims 28 to 31. 709850/0819