DE4122006B4 - Staircase with a metal structure - Google Patents

Abstract

01) stairs (10) with a metal support structure (16) and step plates supported on them, the support structure being on the floor (12.4), in individual places on stairwell walls (12.1, 12.2) or similar building support elements and at the upper end on a pedestal or one Supported floor ceiling, in which the support structure (16) is divided into several running parts, which are manufactured separately and connected to each other in the building, in which the support structure parts cheek-like, step-shaped with incline and tread, provided with the connection openings and at a distance from the side edges the step plates are arranged staggered below the middle of the steps, characterized in that the supporting structure parts from flat flat parts made of sheet metal are machined from flat, thick sheet metal plates or sheet metal strips according to the actual dimensions of the building in accordance with the gradation of slope and appearance.

Description

TECHNICAL TERRITORY

The invention relates to a staircase with metal support structure and foot plates supported on it, the supporting structure is on the floor, in individual places on staircase walls or the like Building support elements and supported at the top on a pedestal or a floor ceiling, at which the support structure is divided into several running parts, which are separated manufactured and connected to each other in the building, in which the Support structure parts cheek-like, step-shaped with slope and tread trained with the connection openings provided and at a distance from the side edges of the step plates the middle of the steps are staggered below them.

A lot of stair constructions are known including cheek stairs with saddled or trained support devices for on-hook Steps over at both ends survive the supporting structure. Such stairs become big Number with wooden Support structure made. In the case of a metal supporting structure, you put on continuous pipe supports supporting and support elements. This requires considerable manual manufacturing and Installation effort. With almost every staircase there is a basic problem, which is that the Storey heights in buildings in practice never to be determined so precisely in advance and accordingly are to be made that one a staircase made of unchangeable Prefabricated elements with a uniform gradient could install. Maintaining a steady incline is for it is important to safely climb stairs. Accordingly, is almost each staircase to the actual dimensions of the building, especially the height of the storey, but also the other dimensions the staircase or the staircase area in the building. This adjustment to the actual dimensions is the subject of countless design proposals and is based on relatively simple, safe and attractive way with screwable spacers solved. Then, however, torsional loads occur and they are corresponding to use designed steps. If you just want to hang up To use steps, so far one is right in the choice of the supporting structure limited or has high manual effort for the preparation of the support structure according to the actual dimensions of the To accept building.

In the German patent application 24 19 217 describes a staircase substructure, each of which has multiple levels Stair sections reaching together and with a building wall through horizontal tubular cross supports rigidly connected longitudinal Main spars made of stepped continuously welded together horizontal and approximately vertical pipe sections; in particular Box section sections made of steel or metal.

The invention has for its object a staircase with the available ones To design modern technologies in such a way that they correspond to the actual dimensions of the Building according to and still manufactured inexpensively and assembled in the building without difficulty can be.

According to the invention it is provided that the supporting structure parts from flat flat parts made of sheet metal according to the Lst dimensions of the Building according to the staircase Computer-aided slope and tread from flat, thick metal sheets or sheet metal strips are worked out.

The formation of the supporting structure with two cheeks, on which. the step plates are placed there complete Freedom in the choice of stage materials, also regarding the Thickness, load capacity and regarding the resilience to torsion, regardless of the basic structure the stairs. By using flat sheet metal, for example Sheet metal made of steel, light metal or other alloys can be used very stable and yet not very noticeable light Form support structure parts. By working out the shape of support surfaces according to the staircase with the help of computer aided Machining method, it is now possible to use a simple metal sheet or a simple sheet of metal sheet according to the given dimensions automatically to have it worked out. The so manufactured and with the connection bores, other recesses and / or attachment conditions Elements can easily and certainly also by a few assembly persons, possibly even by one Installer fit appropriately. In the amazingly simple Proposal, now a stepped flat metal part made of a thin semi-finished product to use, there are unexpected manufacturing, design and assembly options, the use in diverse changing needs allow particularly easy in construction.

In the advantageous embodiment according to claim 2, in which only the outer supporting structure parts arranged on the side near the wall are connected directly or via short wall supports to the building support system, while the inner supporting structure parts lying on the side of the staircase facing away from the wall are only connected to the lower and upper parts End of the respective staircase connected to the building support system, but otherwise connected to each other occurring forces including the torsional forces are transmitted and in particular in the area of kinks or angulations with horizontal cross stiffening elements with the be neighboring external supporting structure part are connected, you can get by with relatively few building-fixed, well soundproofed support and can support the other connections in a simple manner that does not adversely affect the overall appearance of the stairs.

In a further embodiment, according to claim 3 be provided that at a double spiral staircase in at least two opposite Building wall areas having a stairwell, the transverse outer supporting structure part on the end face via elastic Support elements with the building support system is connected and on this outer support structure part the other two outer structural parts are each fastened with one end and the inner support structure parts over diagonally running, made of sheet metal, vertically placed connection stiffeners supported are.

This results in double spiral stairs, especially in such building conditions, where you can directly support the middle part of the barrel, a particularly simple structure, both for production and assembly and you need only a few support points that also soundproof can be trained. The forces resulting from the inner support structure parts, which also contain torsional forces, are left simple and little apparent to the external support structure transmitted in the designated manner and support.

If the training according to claim 4 takes place by supporting structure parts abutting at angles which has an angled tab that flat lay to the other part and screwing and if necessary pinning, is good Force transmission into the adjoining, highly stressed parts possible in a simple, advantageous design.

The processing of the flat sheet metal parts can done in different, conventional ways. Particularly suitable the advantageous manufacturing design according to claim 5, by the flat sheet metal parts with a precision cutting device made of sheet metal or sheet metal strips computer-aided according to the actual dimensions are cut out.

You can avoid Waste is particularly advantageous by using several components the supporting structure of a staircase, which is the same individual actual measure of slope and appear from a larger table directly next to each other are cut out horizontally with a cutting jet.

The design of the supports can due to the flat, upright design of the cheek-like Support structure parts very practical and simple be done by according to claim 6 is provided that the Wall mounting wall mounting rosettes and two each at a distance of Thickness of the inserted structural parts plus the Have thickness of two elastic intermediate layers arranged tabs and the two tabs below with a safety cross connection equipped and equipped with vertical elongated holes, by which can be aligned during assembly using screws or other Extend tensioning bolts, preferably with the interposition of annular Sound insulation is strained.

Also the supports on the floor, pedestal or ceiling are useful for Provide sound insulation with elastic intermediate layers.

Since the stairs over the Cheeks protrude sideways, they are not only against displacement, but also against lifting forces to secure. According to claim 8 be provided that on the support structure flat parts fasteners for the steps attached and with the supporting structure parts and the steps through Gluing, screwing, riveting, blind riveting or clamp-plug connections are connected.

Considering the forces and the Manufacture from individual thick sheet metal parts, for example 7 up to 12 mm thick is a design of the connections with regard to the forces that occur according to claim 9 expedient, in which the supporting structure parts as far as they are not with the building support structure are directly connected, supporting each other with shear forces Connecting pins or screws are connected to support shafts.

More details, advantages, features and Aspects of the invention also result from the following, based on the drawings dealt with the description. An embodiment the invention is explained below with reference to the drawings.

Show it:

1 The oblique image of a double spiral staircase in a staircase with three walls that abut each other at right angles, partly in a view from above of the lower part of the staircase, partly in a view from below below the upper part of the staircase, some steps being omitted in the illustration of the lower part of the stairway for the sake of clarity ;

2 an oblique view of part of a staircase 1 in bottom view of a corner area with wall support and cross bracing;

3 a side view of a wall support of the stairs 1 and 2 ;

4 a vertical section along the line 4-4 in 3 through the wall support with view of rosette and fastening screws.

The stairs 10 stands in the stairwell 11 , This has a left side wall 12.1 , a right side wall 12.2 and a forehead sidewall 12.3 , The stairs 10 has an outer cheek 15.1 and an inner cheek 15.2 , Together they form the metals ne support structure 16 the stairs 10 , Each cheek consists of three sections because it is a double spiral staircase. The one on the floor 12.4 of the stairwell 11 Supported structural part contains the lower outer cheek 15:11 , You follow - parallel to the front side wall 12.3 trending - the middle outer cheek 15:12 , This is followed by the upper outer cheek 15:13 on. Correspondingly, the parts of the inner cheek which are offset in parallel and offset inward are also included 15:21 . 15:22 and 15:23 designated.

As can be seen, the cheeks are stepped on both their top and bottom according to the vertical dimension 17 and the horizontal contact dimension 18 , The slope is the thickness 21 the level 22 shorter face 19 each step the same length, while the horizontal contact surface 20 is of different lengths depending on the individual length, as results from the shape of the stairs in such stairs. The total slope results from the vertical dimension 17 and the fat 21 the level 22 , The actual tread is theoretically determined in the usual way in the area of the running line. The lower boundary line 23 each cheek is at least approximately parallel to the stair face 19 and horizontal contact surface 20 running as shown in the drawings.

All cheek elements are made of sheet metal, in particular sheet steel with a thickness of about 7 to 12 mm, depending on the shape and load. Each cheek section is made from a flat sheet metal part or sheet metal strip with a precision cutting device, in particular a precision burner, either with a gas flame or even better with a laser cutting device in the finished size. For this purpose, computer-aided processing devices are used, which automatically calculate the individual dimensions according to the respective actual dimensions of the staircase and move the shaping means corresponding to the calculated contour in a controlled manner. In the case of similar partial areas, several cheek sections can be worked out directly from one another out of correspondingly large metal strips or metal sheets. In areas with different horizontal contact surfaces 20 you can optimize material waste with the help of computer-aided facilities. It has surprisingly been found that such relatively thin stepped sheet metal strips allow the forces occurring to be absorbed without lateral deflection and twisting. The sensible design of bends and connections as well as the arrangement of load transfer points contribute to this. These are to be arranged according to the particular circumstances of the staircase and the wishes of the client and their location and training can be individually and easily determined and designed using the usual static means and computer-aided processing.

In the present embodiment is between the left side wall 12.1 and the right side wall 12.2 only the middle section of the outer cheek 15.1 , here as a middle outer cheek 15:12 inscribed on the side walls 12.1 and 12.2 attached, namely at a horizontal cheek end 25.1 and 25.2 a soundproof wall mounting device 26 intended. According to the 3 and 4 from a round rosette, for example 28 and a recording shoe 29 , The round rosette 28 has two wall mounting holes 31 through which fastening screws 32 in dowels 33 , in holes in the wall 12 are introduced. Under a washer 34 on which the head is 35 supports an elastic underlay 36 lie. Another elastic intermediate layer can also be placed on the wall surface 37 be provided. However, it is much more important that inside the receiving shoe 29 a three-sided elastic support with rubber-elastic natural or synthetic rubber elements is provided. Here are the two inner walls of the tabs 38.1 and 38.2 each with a surface support 39.1 and 39.2 Mistake. The tabs 38 have a lower transverse safety support 41 with a rubber-elastic pad 42 , The cheek end is inserted between these three supports, which can also be designed as a common, possibly vulcanized, sound insulation part 25.1 respectively. 25.2 , Each cheek end has a continuous, horizontally running elongated hole 44 while the tabs 38 vertically running elongated holes 45 to have. The shaft extends through this 46 a clamping screw 47 , on the expediently an insulating sleeve 48 is stuck. The head 49 rests on a washer 51 from.

The mother too 52 relies on another washer 51 from. So the outer cheek 15.1 and thus - as will be clear from further explanations - the entire stair is aligned in height and fastened elastically. The cheek ends 25.1 and 25.2 trained horizontal elongated holes 44 allow a good length compensation during assembly.

With two such wall mounting devices 26 becomes the whole middle cheek section - middle outer cheek 15:12 - supported. Ultimately, significant portions of the supporting forces of the entire staircase are transferred to the building structure.

The lower sections - under-outer cheek 15:11 and lower inner cheek 15:21 - the outer cheek 15.1 and the inner cheek 15.2 have mounting flanges 61 , which are drawn here, for example, rectangular and are welded to the horizontal, lower ends in the appropriate dimension for achieving a uniform slope of the stairs. They have two mounting holes through which mounting screws can be found 62 in in the ground 12.4 extend recessed dowels. Elastic inserts can also be provided here. In particular, under the mounting flanges 61 fla elastic rubber pads 63 be provided in each case. Appropriately designed supports are at the top of the stairs 10 , which is no longer visible here, provided on the floor ceiling, on the pedestal or the like.

The lower sections of the cheeks - bottom outer cheek, which are only supported on the ground 15 .11 and lower inner cheek 15:21 - are with their upper ends 65.1 and 65.2 supported against other cheek sections, namely the upper end 65.1 of the lower section of the outer cheek 15.1 - Under-outer cheek 15:11 directly on the middle outer cheek 15:12 supported at right angles to this, as it left out 1 on the mounting corner 66.1 is indicated. A similar fastening is chosen as it is based on the 2 for the upper outer cheek 15:13 will be explained. Either an end of the cheek can be angled or an additional simple steel bracket or a special corner connection part made of a cast, forged or extruded material can be used. The fastenings with screws and, if necessary, pins or other connecting means common in steel construction technology should be selected so that torsional forces can also be transmitted.

Out 2 can be seen as on the middle outer cheek 15:12 on the one hand with the help of a mounting bracket 67 the lower end 68 the upper outer cheek 15:13 all corner forces are attached via a rigid connection. The upper outer cheek 15:13 is attached to the top of the building support structure in a manner similar to the lower end of the lower cheeks.

The inner cheek 15.2 is designed in a very special way, namely the upper inner cheek 15:23 attached to the building supporting structure at its upper end in the manner described. The bottom end 68.2 is by means of a suitable bend 70 either bent directly from the same sheet metal part as the other cheek sections as it 2 illustrated, or there is a separation at this point and a screwing and possibly pinning is carried out by means of an angled tab-like end leg or with a separately manufactured, attached angle part or with another connecting part. A similar connection is in the area of the corner 71 between the lower inner cheek 15:21 and the middle cheek 15:22 intended.

The two corners 71 and 72 have no direct support downwards or to other building support structure elements, but the forces acting on them are only due to the correspondingly rigid connections and furthermore by horizontal struts running obliquely backwards under the corresponding step 75 added. On the one hand, these are considered to be below the level 22.2 horizontal flat sheet metal part formed. The two ends 75.1 and 75.2 are each - like from 2 can be seen - angled from the main direction of extension so that they lie flat on the adjacent cheek section and there with screws 76 and, if applicable, pins or other connecting means, all forces, especially the torsional forces, are screwed on to support and transmit. So stair support structures result from flat sheet metal parts with a thickness 77 from approx. 7 to 12 mm, which can be manufactured and assembled individually, quickly and inexpensively from flat material with simple processing steps according to the actual dimensions of the respective staircase, whereby the components are relatively light and can therefore be transported and assembled by one person , if necessary with the help of another assistant. Corresponding support means that are useful during assembly can be simply designed pull-out supports and other conventional aids.

The step plates can now be made of all desired materials because they do not take part in the load-bearing behavior of the stairs, but are simply designed as beams placed on two lines. They can consist of natural stone, possibly with a little reinforcement, of reinforced stone, wood or wood composites. They are to be fastened in a suitable manner on the stair support structure, for example by gluing, screwing with the aid of angle pieces or other fastening pieces, which can also be riveted or clipped on, and depending on the length of the overhanging areas 78 the tilting and pulling forces must be taken into account. In a particularly advantageous manner, the stairs are also suitable as construction stairs. This is due to the stable support structure that was quickly installed early in the construction process 16 Simple construction stages made of wood or other suitable, non-slip and insensitive materials, possibly only with a small overhanging area 78 of only 5 to 6 cm, for example, and after completion of the construction work and, if necessary, moving in, can be exchanged for the high-quality continuous use levels, which is not possible with many other stairs and therefore requires considerable protection.

One of simple, inexpensive parts constructed staircase that can be easily adapted to the design and shape requirements is to be created in the manner described and with simple inexpensive Funds created.

In summary, the invention can also be described as follows:
In the stairwell ( 11 ) is between its walls ( 12.1 . 12.2 . 12.3 ) the stairs ( 10 ) arranged. It has cheeks made of flat sheet metal according to the steps, an outer cheek ( 15.1 ) and an inner cheek ( 15.2 ) with wall mounting devices ( 26 ) supported on the walls and by cross struts ( 75 ) are interconnected.

10

stairway

11

stairwell

12

Wall

12.1

left Side wall

12.2

right Side wall

12.3

Front-side wall

12.4

ground

15.1

outside wall

15:11

Under outer cheek

15:12

Central outer cheek

15:13

Upper outer cheek

15.2

inside cheek

15:21

Under inner cheek

15:22

Middle-inner cheek

15:23

Upper inner cheek

16

supporting structure

17

vertical dimension

18

Horizontalauflagemaß

19

face

20

Horizontal support surface

21

thickness from 22

22

step

22.2

step

23

lower boundary line

25.1

Wangen end

25.2

Wangen end

26

Wall fastening device

28

rosette

29

pick-up shoe

31

Wall mounting hole

32

fixing screw

33

dowel

34

washer

35

head

36

document

37

elastic liner

38

flap

38.1

flap

38.2

flap

39.1

rest area

39.2

rest area

41

security support

42

rubbery edition

44

Long hole (horizontal)

45

Long hole (vertical)

46

shaft

47

clamping screw

48

insulating sleeve

49

head

51

washer

52

mother

61

mounting flange

62

fixing screw

63

document

65.1

upper End of 15.11

65.2

upper End of 15.21

66.1

mounting corner

67

mounting brackets

68

lower End of 15.13

68.2

lower End of 15.23

70

angulation

71

corner

72

corner

75

cross brace

75.1

The End

75.2

The End

76

screw

77

thickness

78

überkragender Area

Claims (9)

01 ) Stairway ( 10 ) with metal support structure ( 16 ) and on these supported step plates, whereby the supporting structure is on the ground ( 12.4 ), in individual places on stairwell walls ( 12.1 . 12.2 ) or similar building support elements and is supported at the upper end on a pedestal or a floor ceiling in which the supporting structure ( 16 ) is divided into several running parts, which are manufactured separately and connected to each other in the building, in which the supporting structure parts are cheek-like, step-shaped with incline and step, provided with the connection openings and offset from the side edges of the step plates towards the middle of the steps are arranged under these, characterized in that the supporting structure parts are made of flat sheet metal parts according to the actual dimensions of the building according to the steps of the slope and appearance, computer-aided out of flat, thick metal sheets or metal strips. Staircase according to Claim 1, characterized in that only the outer supporting structure parts arranged on the side near the wall are connected directly or via short wall supports to the building support system, while the inner supporting structure parts (inner cheek 15.2 ) only connected to the building support system at the lower and upper end of the respective staircase, but otherwise the forces that occur, including the torsional forces, are connected to each other and in particular in the area of kinks or angulations via horizontal cross-bracing elements ( 75 ) with the neighboring outer supporting structure part (outer cheek 15.1 ) are connected. Staircase according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in the case of a double spiral staircase in at least two opposite building wall areas ( 12.1 . 12.2 ) staircase ( 11 ) the transverse outer supporting structure part (middle outer cheek 15:12 ) on the front side via elastic support elements ( 26 ) is connected to the building support system and on this outer support structure part the two other Au outer supporting structure parts (lower outer cheek 15 .11 and upper outer cheek 15:13 ) are fastened with one end each and the inner supporting structure parts (inner cheek 15.2 ) via diagonally running, made of sheet metal, vertically positioned reinforcement ( 75 ) are supported. Staircase according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at abutting at angles Support structure parts of which has an angled tab, the laying flat on the other part and screwing as well if necessary allows pinning. Staircase according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Flat sheet metal parts with a precision cutting furnace made of sheet metal or sheet metal strips with computer support according to the actual dimensions are cut out. Staircase according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the wall bearing (wall fastening device 26 ) Wall mounting rosettes ( 28 ) and two each at a distance of the thickness ( 77 ) of the inserted structural parts (middle outer cheek 15:12 ) plus the thickness of two elastic intermediate layers ( 39.1 . 39.2 ) arranged tabs and the two tabs ( 38.1 . 38.2 ) below with a security cross connection ( 41 ) and vertical elongated holes ( 45 ) with which screws can be aligned during assembly ( 47 ) or other tensioning bolts, which are preferably interposed by annular sound insulation ( 48 ) are tense. Staircase according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supports on the floor and platform or ceiling with elastic intermediate layers ( 63 ) are screwed tight. Staircase according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that fastening elements for the steps ( 22 ) attached and connected to the supporting structure parts and the steps by gluing, screwing, riveting, blind riveting or clamp-plug connections. Staircase according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supporting structure parts, insofar as they are not directly connected to the building load-bearing structure, are connected to one another with connecting pins or screws that support shear forces ( 76 ) are connected to support shafts.