DE4111204A1 - Urine-faeces mixts. disposal and conditioning - by adjusting moisture content, pH etc, pressing to coarse pellet form, and bio-reacting in stacked ventilated containers - Google Patents

Abstract

Method consists of: (a) prodn. (5) of a material mixt. with optimal properties for a bio-reaction process, i.e. a moisture content of about 60% by weight (8), a pH value of 6.5 to 7, a C/N content ratio of about 30:1 by mixing with urea (9), and a bulk density of 600 to 800 kg/m3, and the material is impregnated with bacteriological material by recycling and is preheated to about 70 deg.C, (b) the material is coarsely pelletised in a screw press (12) and is passed into the bio-reaction process (18) in well aerated stackable pallets (16), (c) the material is heated in the bio-reaction process (18) until it starts to generate its own heat, and the process is maintained in optimal conditions by automatic climate control, i.e. about 65 deg.C with controlled air humidity and oxygen supply, so that a thermal dewatering of about 20% by weight takes place in 2 to 3 days, and then a mesophilic rotting phase at about 30 deg.C takes place, again with a thermal de-watering of about 20% in 6-10 days. After 8-13 days therefore, a prod. is produced which has 20-25% moisture and is fully composted and stable and which contaminates neither air nor ground water and can be used not only as a humus fertiliser but also as a biological soil improver. USE/ADVANTAGE - Used in disposing of mixts. of urine and faeces, sewage sludge, etc. and also for conditioning quick-growing raw materials and edible fungi. Complete bacteriological breakdown is achieved using accelerated compositing in a simple system.

Description

The invention relates to a method for the disposal of manure, sewage sludge, Garbage and the like, raw material conditioning, fungal fungal attack, as well an apparatus for performing this method.

Such methods are known in the prior art and are based on different principles.

This prior art will be discussed in more detail below.

Solid manure processes are used mainly for economic reasons with straw litter, switched to liquid manure without litter. Manure / urine mixtures are known as manure until they are applied the field temporarily stored. In addition to the odor nuisance when storing and in especially when spreading, problems arise; but also an additional negative impact on the plant through over-fertilization growth as well as the groundwater.

Depending on the volume to be spread, the fertilizer value is relatively low, d. H. the share of transport costs is relatively high. Since you make sense of the manure can only deploy at certain times of the year are large storage capacities necessary for up to nine months. Because the cubic meter value is relatively low any additional effort for problem solving must not be high.

In the case of factory farming, the most cost-effective "elimination" the slurry is more important than the use of fertilizer. The main problem is the high water content with extraction that is not economically viable Ingredients.

Liquid manure ventilation lowers the smell, but also the manure rated.

Complex biogas plants only make sense if there is a next door at the same time daily energy demand is present, the elimination problem of anaerobic liquid and solid mass still remains, even if it does  can be described as biologically stable and applied in an environmentally friendly manner can. The solids may be compostable, the separation of liquid manure in Solids and liquids have been practiced individually for a long time.

The solids content is in pig manure with 2-6% and cattle manure with 8-16% however relatively small. By separating the organic mass Liquid is a little lower, it is technically easier to apply bar, but still has its negative effect, similar to the well-known liquid manure.

Ventilation is necessary and less expensive than with liquid manure; it will however, get a very low quality liquid. A complete clarification and Discharging them into public waters is not economically viable.

The solids from the separation are also not easy to remove, since a relatively high proportion of liquid is still present or the separator for maintaining low moisture content is very expensive.

So there remains the composting of the solids, because with such rotting drainage takes place at the same time. The disadvantage is that one to deploy two different products. Behavior in poultry manure / slurry it is different because it has a much higher value. The poultry droppings from the cage has already through the intensive ventilation in the stables a reduced moisture content and is therefore neither liquid nor solid.

The process with quicklime mixture can only be used to a limited extent, since then a corresponding recovery is also required. This poultry droppings will So depending on the stable in fresh manure removal and storage brought the fields or as mentioned above as solid manure, with special location problems with application and application.

This results from the relatively high N content and raw proteins still present Feces have a good fertilizer value, but also a higher soil and groundwater burden. As is well known, much higher amounts of liquid manure can be made from corn bring, but also receives greater environmental pollution.

Poultry dung drying plants exist as drum, belt dryers and. a. A minimum temperature of 130 ° C must be used to make the product patho to get gene-free.  

Because of the protein content, this product is called protein in some countries feed used in cattle farming. Also taking into account some application rules can not be excluded with certainty negative effects in the meat eat.

The fertilizer value of the hot air dried product is extremely high no relation to the effort involved. Through the recurring However, spreading the maximum amounts creates a pollution of the groundwater sers.

Apart from that, the removal of animal excrement is environmentally friendly It should be noted that every effort for this has so far been uneconomical is.

Composting is also known - based on the well-known Prinzi pien of the aerobic rotting process - from pre-dewatered manure mixtures, but also already separated or semi-solid substances in animal husbandry.

At the latest since the last oil price increase, the direct total Drying of waste fresh goods to 12 to 14% storable goods as complete proven unprofitable (belt dryer or drum dryer). Meanwhile come but environmental issues that are problem solving regardless of profitability make action necessary.

So-called two-phase systems are also known, in which the solid substances from the liquid in screw separators, decanters, centrifuges, belt presses, u. a. separates, which are complex systems. The solid will then processed or composted. All of these have two-phase systems in addition to high technical complexity, the disadvantage that the problem of waste water remains, which is very difficult to solve, especially with animal origin.

Pure composting systems are simple, elongated rents. Here the lasts Composting process for a very long time, namely three to four months depending on the weather or longer. A proper rotting process can only take place inside the rent the one who dies again due to lack of oxygen, if not from time to time is loosened up. Every time you mix / react, the outside becomes cold inner warm good mixed. However, each time the conversion process gets under break due to constant temperature fluctuations.  

Only under the most favorable conditions in summer with a real Mi Rottemasse can be obtained in four to four with the above-mentioned outdoor system complete a rotting process for six weeks. A certain amount of moisture in particular which are maintained in summer, which is time-consuming and time-consuming. To implement rents you need large expensive equipment (wheel loaders etc.) and the longer the rotting process takes, the larger areas are required.

According to a new method according to WO 86/04 576, heat recycling is used. You immediately reach a high rotting temperature, but take over the warm air a heat exchanger to preheat the new air. This system is rather based on a drainage achieved by heat than on a composting process. In this previously known process, the rotting material is heated with hot air brought to a storable humidity. By recycling heat and that Taking advantage of the strongest thermal drainage phase at the start of rotting is the Energy consumption less (approx. 25%) than with other direct processes that just dry. This system is a combination of composting and drying However, it is more of a drying process than a composting process and should not be named as the latter.

The entire process is technical for such a relatively low-value good and too expensive and one-sided in terms of cost, since there is no complete bacteriolo biological degradation takes place, but the fermentation process is canceled.

In contrast, the above-mentioned method is based on the task complete bacteriological degradation with accelerated composting to ensure with simple means in an economic manner and as Single-phase system using thermophilic and mesophilic drainage in the bioreaction process.  

With regard to the prior art described in detail at the outset, the optimization of the process control according to the invention or by coordinating its detailed parameters has proven to be surprisingly successful for the person skilled in the art. The separation of the thermophilic from the so-called mesophilic phase is also of particular importance, since different biochemical reactions take place here that otherwise interfere with each other. The high-temperature range or the thermophilic phase of 65 to 78 ° is important for the entire rotting crop, since only here are a number of weed seeds sterile and other pollutants such as phytoparasites (cabbage hernias, viruses and nematodes) destroyed, protein molecules + 56 ° C disintegrating. The use of this bacteriological process can advantageously be provided here to break down certain dangerous poisons, including salmonella. The actual rotting process, which is important for this, takes place more in the low temperature range, the so-called mesophilic phase from 28 to 38 ° C with mushroom rotting. Another aspect of the invention is the production of an optimal mixing ratio of the starting components, which have a water content of 50 to 65% by weight, a C / N content of 20 to 30: 1 and a pH of 6.5 to 7 should have a density or bulk density of 600-800 kg / m ³ .

It should be clear that, according to the invention, a wide variety of starting materials components can be used, namely the word rubbish includes in general waste from community, industry and / or agriculture. Taking into account supply of the parameters of claim 1 according to the invention then falls an end product that a water content of about 20 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 20 wt .-% Has water and is almost odorless and protected from the weather is cheaply storable and spreadable, namely a so-called humus fertilizer or also peat substitute or the like, which also in the event of over-fertilization has no negative effect on the soil, groundwater or air.

Since the rotting process proceeds relatively quickly after the method according to the invention, it should be obvious that the rot storage volume may be less than So far and therefore the device needs to be less expensive than that State of the art. Only a fully soaked product is biologically stable. All known methods, as mentioned, do not achieve this, except for a long time elaborate field composting.  

This process technology offers another compared to all known processes another very significant advantage for the future, namely it is able to process so-called fast growing raw materials, a bioprocess to undergo and usable conditioning, both for fuel production as well as raw fiber feed production, e.g. B. fast growing willow trees to distill material. Sudan grass also called elephant grass, growing several meters or can also be cut several times without re-cultivating raw fiber feed in cattle livestock farming. Another variant is the possible yeast fermentation of corn, Cereals, green fodder with appropriate post-conditioning to feed animal ver reversible. Then replaces all previous silage and hay processes under the same early digestion of substances that were previously difficult to digest from the stomach.

Result: loss-reducing harvest when the forage value increases.

In the following the invention is described in more detail and the main management example for the device for performing the invention Given procedure.

It shows:

1. Flow chart
2. Principle scheme
3. Longitudinal section
4. Floor plan
5. Floor plan u. Section of the mesophilic chamber

Fig. 1 is one or more rotting mass conveyor which / the excrement / urine mixture is cleaned by a sieve ( 2 ) of foreign bodies via (3) the tearing / stirrer in the mixer. The screw ( 1 a) is also used for mixing conveying. Dry recycling product is also fed into the mixer ( 5 ) via an intermediate bunker dosing device. Other raw materials such as straw, peat or wood waste are also crushed in advance. This can also be waste paper or correspondingly pre-sorted decayable municipal waste. If the proportion of parts which are difficult to rot is high, urea (liquid) or other must be added in order to achieve the optimal C / N ratio. The feed of raw materials serves to maintain the above-mentioned optimal rotting ratio and also to achieve the optimal moisture content of approx. 60% by weight. Additives ( 9 abc) serve not only to maintain the C / N optimization but also for optimum pH.

The spray nozzles ( 6 ) are also used for hot water feed if the red mass is not moist enough with a large proportion of raw fibers. Via a hot water generator ( 8 ) temperature optimization is achieved with the hot water jacket ( 7 ) at the mixer ( 5 ) which can be arranged horizontally or vertically, via spray nozzles ( 6 ) directly into the mix and via hot water mist nozzles ( 18 c) into the bioreactor fan ( 18 b) and for the radiators in the thermophilic reactor ( 18 a). From the mixer ( 5 ), the product optimized for rotting reaches the press auger reservoir ( 11 ) by means of an outlet flap ( 10 ). The parallel arrange th press screws (12) with free shaft end, the latter mm to produce a hole in the center 15 by the compacts (13) (13, 1/2/3) have a special mold with cutting device (14). This increases the surface area of the large pellet. The hole in the middle (not new as such) and the enlarged surface result in an air supply to the rotting product or oxygen supply to the rotting process. The pre-pressing presses moisture onto the large pellet surface, which in turn promotes the rotting process and also the thermal drainage during the bioreaction process. The large pellets, so-called elephant pellets, are stored in pallet boxes on a side-shifting conveyor belt ( 15 ), deliberately crisscrossing. The hole in the middle of the large pellets, the corrugated enlarged surface and the aforementioned storage method make permanent air circulation ie oxygen supply possible without the rotting material ever having to be rearranged during the entire rotting process.

The height and side restricted storage in the boxes prevented compressing the pellets ensures an optimal rotting condition a simple forklift handling and also stacked in the boxes stacks a large storage height.

Not a single known method allows storage heights of 5/6/7 m with such optimal use of hall space. The boxes are fed to the so-called thermophilic bioreaction phase by roller conveyors or fork-lift trucks, into a bioreak gate tunnel ( 18 ) or chamber (18). This room has a corresponding insulation of the outer walls, taking into account the outside temperature and the thermophilic inside temperature of 0-ca. 60 ° C.

It normally takes 24-36 hours for a temperature of + 60-70 ° C to form through self-bioreaction. By optimizing the rotting conditions, rotting product recycling and preheating, the product arrives in the reaction chamber in a rot-optimized manner. The process is heated by further heating and hot water mist with aeration, thereby accelerating the initial phase or reducing the time to 8-12 hours until the necessary egg temperature is reached. The climate in this thermophilic phase is controlled automatically, ie humidity, temperature and air supply (oxygen) via radiators, fans and hot water mist nozzles ( 18 a, b, c). Adjustable flaps regulate the supply and exhaust air ( 20 ) with their own thermals when the self-heating fad is reached. The device 18 a, b, c then only serves to secure or continuously optimize the bioprocess conditions at intervals. The very warm exhaust air is also reused for preheating via a heat exchanger ( 21 ).

Instead of 3-5 days, depending on the rotting product, the thermophilic rotting process takes now only 2-3 days. With the lowering of the own temperature, this is announced End of the thermophilic rotting process. The bacteria die because of food lack of.

You could now also carry out the mesophilic rotting process ( 22 ) in the same chamber, but this can be designed without problems with temperatures around 30 ° C, ie the chambers can be larger, see item 22 (drawing). Mesophilic rotting time instead of 14-21 days, outdoors 3-4 months, only 6 to 10 days. Total rotting time 8-13 days.

The thermophilic chamber (3-4-day process) is sufficient for fermenting feed with yeast.

The large faecal compost pellets can thus be brought directly to the field and also make sick soils healthy. The type of post-conditioning with known technology ( 23 ) depends on the reuse, e.g. B. as Torfbiodün ger, substrate, mushroom substrate, mineral fertilizer upgrade, fuel recycling device, etc.

It is possible to cancel the rotting process at any time and then the product to dry to 12-14% moisture, e.g. B. after the thermohile phase Reach the own temperature after about 1-2 days, and then cancel to dry. The product with 12-14% moisture is then not organic stable.

It is obvious that the different microbiological processes Use the energy released during the drying process of the post-conditioning can be det, so that the energy requirement is reduced.

A further, not shown, embodiment of a device according to the invention assumes that two or three technical lines are placed side by side, advantageously only one mixing and dosing center (not shown) being placed in front of these technical lines. Normally, a reactor vessel ( 18 ) has a volume of 30-100 m ³ . It should be clear that the reactor line, consisting of several reactor vessels, can significantly increase the conversion volume.

In particular, the process according to the invention is for the following starting materials applicable:

1. Chicken droppings with 70-80% moisture
2. Chicken manure with 55-65% moisture
3. Pig manure with 92-96% moisture
4. Dairy manure with 86-96% moisture
5. Beef manure with 82-90% moisture
6. Wood chips
7. Green mass (algae)
8. Municipal and industrial plant sewage sludge
9. Rapidly renewable raw materials
10. Detoxification of contaminated soil.

The invention based on an embodiment example explained in more detail. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the inventive biomass optimal fermentation systems,

Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail view from FIG. 1,

Fig. 3 is a cross sectional view of the press screws,

Fig. 4 shows three examples of a profile fitting,

Fig. 5 is a schematic longitudinal section through the metering and mixing process with tunnel bioreactor,

Fig. 6 shows a cross section. Line AB of FIG. 8 through the bioreactor tunnel / chamber,

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative stack,

Figure 8 fermentation system. A schematic plan view to the optimum,

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the mesophilic bioreactor chamber and

Fig. 10 is a side cross section through the mesophilic bioreactor chamber.

Legend No. 1-16 production process ( Fig. 1)

1. conveyor for z. B. Raw materials, recycling prod.
1a. Mixing screw
2. Feed hopper with coarse sieve
3. Ripper (stirrer)
4. Inlet slider
5. Mixer (horizontal / vertical)
6. Spray nozzle line
7. Hot water jacket
8. Hot water generator
9a. Additive mixing container 9b. Additive mixer
9c. High pressure injector pump
10. Outlet flap
11. Press screw preliminary container ( Fig. 3)
12. Press screws with free shaft end ( Fig. 3)
13. Large pellet molding 1, 2, 3 ( Fig. 3)
14. Cutting device ( Fig. 3)
15. Conveyor belt, left / right movable ( Fig. 3)
16. Pallet box

Legend No. 17-23 fermentation process ( Fig. 2)

17. Rolling platform (rails, guide, forklift)
18. Bioreactor tunnel (chamber), 2/4/6-row, 1/2/3-tier, thermophilic u. mesophilic
18a. radiator
18b. Fan
18c. WW nozzle
19. Entry / exit gate with door and plastic swing doors
20. Supply and exhaust air control
21. Exhaust air biofilter box system, possibly heat recycling
22. Mesophilic bioreactor chamber
23. Storage u. Post-conditioning to organic fertilizer or feed

Claims (8)

1. Process and technology for the disposal of faeces / urine mixtures, sewage sludge, garbage and the like, as well as for the conditioning of fast-growing raw materials and fungal growth, characterized by the following process engineering facilities:

• a) Production of a rotting mass mixture ( 5 ) with maximum optimal rotting conditions for the bioreaction process, so that a water content ( 6 ) of approx. 60% by weight, a pH value of 6.5-7, a C / N content ( 9 ) of approx. 30: 1 due to the addition of urea and a bulk density of 600-800 kg / m ³ , the rotting material is inoculated by recycling with bacteriological material and preheating ( 7 ) ( 8 ) to approx. 70 ° C is performed;
• b) the rottemischgut is brought into a special large pellet form ( 13 ) by screw pressing ( 12 ) and can be easily aerated in highly stackable pallet boxes ( 16 ) without special stirring device for bio reaction process ( 18 );
• c) the thermophilic bioreaction process ( 18 ) is heated to shorten the reaction until self-heat build-up, the reaction process always by automatic climate control ( 18 a, b, c) in max. Optimal condition is maintained, ie approx. + 65 ° C temperature, air humidity and oxygen supply control, whereby at the same time a thermal drainage of approx. 20% by weight takes place within 2-3 days and then a mesophilic rotting phase is climate controlled as mentioned above in approx . + 30 ° Celsius range takes place, again with a thermal drainage of approx. 20% by weight in 6-10 days, i.e. in a total rotting time of 8-13 days, with 20-25% by weight final moisture, whereby then a fully composted A biologically stable product with organically bound, long-term nutrients is created that neither pollutes the groundwater nor the air and is not only a humus fertilizer, but also has a soil biology-improving effect and also in large quantities, i.e. in the case of factory farming or municipalities, among others Disposal problems solve.

2. The method and claim 1, characterized in that waste from the Wood industry, straw, algem. Plant residues, fast-growing raw materials, Paper waste, municipal waste, contaminated earth and / or bacteria (En zyme, mycelium) are added to the faeces / urine mixture and, if necessary, urea is added. 3. The method and device according to claim 1, characterized in that one existing bioreaction product partially recycled and at Mi optimization admitted. 4. The method and device according to claim 1, characterized in that the Rottegut after the mixture optimization in a special form of large pellets is pressed. 5. The method and device according to claim 1, 3, 4, characterized in that the large pellets are stored in well-ventilated pallet boxes, wel large storage heights not previously possible with this product, without ever having to stir it up again. 6. The method and device according to claim 1, 3, 4, 5, characterized in that that the entire bioreaction process is optimally climate controlled and also of is adjustable from an office computer system. 7. The method according to claim 1-6, characterized in that the Biopro Cancel processes at any time and then dry to 14% under previous ones Use of thermal drainage. 8. The method and technology according to claims 1-7, characterized in that use this process technology not only for the disposal of so-called waste can, but also for the conditioning of rapidly renewable raw materials fen and fungal growth. 9. The method and technology according to Pos. 1, 3-7, characterized in that up to 200 m ³ can be processed in the 24-hour day, 8-10 m ³ / hour.