DE4109510A1 - Revolution speed controller for fan or centrifugal pump motor - uses control logic actuating semiconductor or mechanical switches for transformer tap-offs - Google Patents
Revolution speed controller for fan or centrifugal pump motor - uses control logic actuating semiconductor or mechanical switches for transformer tap-offsInfo
- Publication number
- DE4109510A1 DE4109510A1 DE4109510A DE4109510A DE4109510A1 DE 4109510 A1 DE4109510 A1 DE 4109510A1 DE 4109510 A DE4109510 A DE 4109510A DE 4109510 A DE4109510 A DE 4109510A DE 4109510 A1 DE4109510 A1 DE 4109510A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- triac
- switched
- voltages
- switches
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/004—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids by varying driving speed
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P13/00—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P13/06—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by tap-changing; by rearranging interconnections of windings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Zur Regelung von Wechselspannungsmotoren werden häufig Frequenzrichter oder Phasenschnittsteuerungen verwendet.To regulate AC motors are common Frequency converter or phase cut controls used.
Beide Verfahren haben ihre Vor- und Nachteile.Both methods have their advantages and disadvantages.
1. Durch gleichzeitiges Ändern von Frequenz und Spannung kann der Motor in jedem Betriebspunkt magnetisch optimal betrieben werden. So ist es möglich, die Drehzahl abzusenken, ohne daß dies auf Kosten des Drehmomentes geht. Wenn ein Motor vom Stillstand aus maximales Drehmoment abgeben muß, wird dieses Verfahren vorteilhaft verwendet.1. By changing frequency and voltage at the same time the motor is magnetically operated optimally at every operating point will. So it is possible to reduce the speed without this is at the expense of torque. If an engine from Standstill must give up maximum torque, this will Process used advantageously.
1. Hoher Aufwand, daher teuer.1. High effort, therefore expensive.
2. Entstörung aufwendig, weil mit hoher Frequenz getaktet, steile Schaltflanken.2. Interference suppression, because it is clocked at a high frequency, steep switching edges.
1. Geringer Aufwand, daher preisgünstig.1. Little effort, therefore inexpensive.
2. Hoher Wirkungsgrad der Steuerung.2. High efficiency of the control.
1. Schlechtere Motorausnützung als beim Frequenzumrichter, weil bei kleiner werdender Spannung der Motor magnetisch nicht optimal ausgenutzt werden kann, daher Drehmomentabschwächung bei kleiner werdender Spannung.1. Worse motor utilization than with the frequency converter because if the voltage decreases, the motor does not magnetically can be optimally used, therefore torque reduction decreasing tension.
2. Betriebsspannung des Motors nicht sinusförmig. Dies führt zu schlechterem Wirkungsgrad des Motors und Oberwellenbelastung des Netzes.2. Operating voltage of the motor is not sinusoidal. this leads to poor engine efficiency and harmonic load on the Network.
3. Funkentstörungsmaßnahmen erfordern bei höheren Leistungen erheblichen Aufwand wegen den steilen Schaltflanken.3. Radio interference suppression measures require higher performance considerable effort because of the steep switching edges.
4. Die nicht sinusförmige Motorspannung verursacht Vibrationen und somit erhöhten Lagerverschleiß im Motor und damit verbunden unangenehme Geräusche.4. The non-sinusoidal motor voltage causes vibrations and thus increased bearing wear in the engine and associated with it unpleasant noises.
Frequenzumrichter sind bei Anwendungen, die kein dauerhaft hohes Drehmoment erfordern, zu aufwendig. Frequency converters are used in applications that are not permanently high Require torque, too expensive.
Bei diesen Anwendungen ist die Phasenschnittsteuerung wirtschaftlicher, bringt aber die oben genannten Nachteile. Als Beispiele für solche Anwendungen können Lüfter und Zentrifugalpumpen genannt werden.In these applications the phase cut control is more economical, but brings the disadvantages mentioned above. As Examples of such applications can be fans and Centrifugal pumps are called.
Das beschriebene Verfahren eignet sich für Anwendungen, wo die Phasenanschnittsteuerung sonst geeignet wäre.The method described is suitable for applications where the Phase control would otherwise be suitable.
1. Die Betriebsspannung des Motors ist immer sinusförmig.1. The operating voltage of the motor is always sinusoidal.
2. Durch Schalten in den Spannungsnulldurchgängen werden Störstrahlprobleme drastisch reduziert.2. By switching in the voltage zero crossings Interference radiation problems drastically reduced.
3. Keine Oberwellenbelastung des Stromnetzes.3. No harmonic load on the power grid.
4. Keine Vibrationen oder Geräusche durch verformte Motorspannung.4. No vibration or noise due to deformed Motor voltage.
5. Weniger Verschleiß.5. Less wear.
6. Hoher Wirkungsgrad des Motors, da keine nutzlosen Oberwellenströme.6. High efficiency of the engine as there are no useless ones Harmonic currents.
1. Günstiger Preis.1. Favorable price.
2. Keine Störstrahlprobleme.2. No interference problems.
1. Digitale Eingangssignale, daher Schnittstellen zu digitalen Steuerungen bzw. Rechnern besonders einfach.1. Digital input signals, hence interfaces to digital ones Controls and computers are particularly simple.
Claims (8)
Dies ermöglicht bei einer Ventilatorlast, die bei kleiner werdenden Spannung linear bis quadratisch abnimmt, die Verwendung eines viel kleineren Trafos als für die volle Last. Ein Spartrafo wird bei halbieren der Eingangsspannung leistungsmäßig am stärksten beansprucht. Bei einer ohmschen Last hat dies zur Folge, daß der Trafo nur 1/4 der Leistung bei voller Spannung übertragen muß.
Deshalb kann beispielsweise bei einem Lüfter, der bei 220 V 1000 W aufnimmt, der Trafokern für 250 W ausgelegt sein. Die Drahtdurchmesser muß man allerdings im oberen Spannungsbereich dem vollen Laststrom anpassen.
Als Schalter können Relais, Transistoren, Thyristoren, IGBT′s oder auch mechanische Schalter verwendet werden.1. Motor speed control for AC motors of fans and centrifugal pumps, characterized in that an economy transformer, which is much smaller than is necessary for the full power of the motor, with taps for different speeds, which can be selected via a logic and can be switched with switches . This is described in more detail under claim 5.
This enables a much smaller transformer to be used for a fan load that decreases linearly to squarely as the voltage decreases as compared to the full load. An autotransformer is most heavily used when the input voltage is halved. With an ohmic load, this means that the transformer only has to transfer 1/4 of the power at full voltage.
For this reason, the transformer core can be designed for 250 W, for example, for a fan that absorbs 1000 W at 220 V. The wire diameter must be adjusted to the full load current in the upper voltage range.
Relays, transistors, thyristors, IGBT's or mechanical switches can be used as switches.
Um Störeffekte gering zu halten, werden die TRIAC's nur im Spannungsnulldurchgang eingeschaltet.
Ausgeschaltet werden sie im Nulldurchgang des Stromes. Je nach Blindstromaufnahme der Last kann dieser vor oder nach dem Nulldurchgang der Spannung stattfinden. Gleichzeitiger Nulldurchgang von Strom und Spannung findet nur bei reiner ohmschen Last statt. Es dürfen also nicht im Nulldurchgang der Spannung TRIAC′s ausgeschaltet und gleichzeitig andere eingeschaltet werden, da die ausgeschalteten noch leitend sein können und es somit zu einem Kurzschluß kommt.
Beim Umschalten muß man folgendermaßen verfahren:
- 1. Alle TRIAC′s ausschalten, d. h. Ansteuersignale wegnehmen.
- 2. Warten bis alle TRIAC′s abgeschaltet haben. (Dies kann bis zu einer halben Periode der anliegenden Wechselspannung dauern).
- 3. Neue TRIAC-Kombination einschalten.
In order to keep interference effects to a minimum, the TRIACs are only switched on when the voltage passes zero.
They are switched off in the zero crossing of the current. Depending on the reactive current consumption of the load, this can take place before or after the zero crossing of the voltage. Simultaneous zero crossing of current and voltage only takes place with a pure ohmic load. So it must not be switched off at the zero crossing of the voltage TRIAC's and at the same time others switched on, since the switched off can still be conductive and thus there is a short circuit.
When switching, you have to do the following:
- 1. Switch off all TRIAC's, ie remove control signals.
- 2. Wait until all TRIAC's have switched off. (This can take up to half a period of the AC voltage present).
- 3. Switch on the new TRIAC combination.
Dieses Schaltwerk muß folgende Merkmale aufweisen:
- 1. Vergleichen des Eingangskodes mit dem Ausgangskode.
- 2. Bei Abweichung alle TRIAC′s abschalten.
- 3. Nach ausreichender Wartezeit die neue TRIAC-Kombination einschalten und wieder vergleichen (wie in 1).
This rear derailleur must have the following features:
- 1. Compare the input code with the output code.
- 2. Switch off all TRIACs in the event of a deviation.
- 3. After a sufficient waiting time, switch on the new TRIAC combination and compare again (as in 1).
Ein Verbraucher wird über mehrere Schalter an verschiedene Spannungen angeschlossen. Diese Spannungen können beispielsweise von Anzapfungen an einem Transformator oder Spartrafos abgegriffen werden. In nachfolgender Skizze werden die verschiedenen Spannungen mit Hilfe eines angezapften Spartrafos erzeugt. Durch Wahl der Spannungen und der Schalterkombinationen können dem Verbraucher verschiedene Spannungen zugeführt werden. Es bietet sich an, die eine Schaltergruppe, z. B. die untere, SxU, für Feineinstellung zu verwenden, während die obere, SxO, der Grobeinstellung dient.Zahlenbeispiel:
Alle Werte auf UO bezogen.
U1 = 5 V
U2 = 10 V
U3 = 15 V
U4 = 140 V
U5 = 160 V
U6 = 180 V
U7 = 200 V
U8 = Uein = 220 VMit dieser als Beispiel angegebenen Schaltung kann die Spannung am Verbraucher in 5 V Schritten von 125 V bis 220 V eingestellt werden.
Es sind auch beliebige andere Schrittweiten und Stufenzahlen nach dem gleichen Verfahren möglich.
Die Anzahl der Stufen ist (Anzahl Schalter Gruppe 1)·(Anzahl Schalter Gruppe 2).
Bei dieser Schaltung dürfen zwei Schalter innerhalb einer Gruppe nie gleichzeitig eingeschaltet sein, da dies zwei Spannungen kurzschließt.
Ein Sonderfall dieser Schaltung liegt vor, wenn ein Anschluß des Verbrauchers fest verdrahtet ist. Die entsprechende Schaltergruppe entfällt dann. Diese Variante ist für Anwendungen geeignet, die nur wenige Stufen erfordern.5. Procedure for digital setting of AC voltage:
A consumer is connected to different voltages via several switches. These voltages can be tapped, for example, from taps on a transformer or autotransformers. In the following sketch, the different voltages are generated with the help of a tapped transformer. By selecting the voltages and the switch combinations, different voltages can be supplied to the consumer. It lends itself to a switch group, e.g. B. the lower one, SxU, can be used for fine adjustment, while the upper one, SxO, is used for coarse adjustment.
All values related to UO.
U1 = 5 V
U2 = 10 V
U3 = 15 V
U4 = 140 V
U5 = 160 V
U6 = 180 V.
U7 = 200 V
U8 = Uein = 220 V With this circuit, given as an example, the voltage at the consumer can be set in 5 V steps from 125 V to 220 V.
Any other step sizes and number of steps are also possible using the same procedure.
The number of levels is (number of switches in group 1) · (number of switches in group 2).
With this circuit, two switches within a group must never be switched on at the same time, as this short-circuits two voltages.
A special case of this circuit is when a connection of the consumer is hard-wired. The corresponding switch group is then omitted. This variant is suitable for applications that only require a few stages.
Beispielhafte Anwendungen sind der Aufbau von Widerstands-, Drossel- und Kondensatordekaden oder auch von Meßfiltern, die beliebig geschaltet werden können.
Eine weitere Anwendung ist das Zusammenschalten von Bauteilen zu Ausbildungs- bzw. Demonstrations- oder anderen Zwecken.7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that instead of the alternating voltages, any components with two or more connections can be interconnected.
Exemplary applications are the construction of resistance, choke and capacitor decades or of measuring filters that can be switched as required.
Another application is the interconnection of components for training, demonstration or other purposes.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE9105139U DE9105139U1 (en) | 1991-03-22 | 1991-03-22 | Motor speed control for AC motors of fans and centrifugal pumps or other consumers where the load decreases linearly to quadratically with decreasing voltage |
DE4109510A DE4109510A1 (en) | 1991-03-22 | 1991-03-22 | Revolution speed controller for fan or centrifugal pump motor - uses control logic actuating semiconductor or mechanical switches for transformer tap-offs |
DE19914124864 DE4124864A1 (en) | 1991-03-22 | 1991-07-26 | Current supply for alternating voltage fluctuation control - has transformer with tappings for different input voltages which are selected across logic circuit and connected using switches |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4109510A DE4109510A1 (en) | 1991-03-22 | 1991-03-22 | Revolution speed controller for fan or centrifugal pump motor - uses control logic actuating semiconductor or mechanical switches for transformer tap-offs |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE4109510A1 true DE4109510A1 (en) | 1992-09-17 |
Family
ID=6428019
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE4109510A Ceased DE4109510A1 (en) | 1991-03-22 | 1991-03-22 | Revolution speed controller for fan or centrifugal pump motor - uses control logic actuating semiconductor or mechanical switches for transformer tap-offs |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE4109510A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4310635A1 (en) * | 1993-04-01 | 1993-09-02 | Simmank Wilfried Dipl Ing Fh | AC voltage semiconductor changeover switch - acts as on=off switch via contacts of relay switched only when no current flows |
EP1341295A1 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-03 | Jakob, Karl, Dipl.-Ing.(FH) | Power supply circuit for a three-phase motor |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH114824A (en) * | 1925-02-05 | 1926-04-16 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Device for increasing the number of stages in regulating transformers for AC vehicles. |
DE2943073A1 (en) * | 1979-10-25 | 1981-05-27 | Gaggenau-Werke Haus- Und Lufttechnik Gmbh, 7560 Gaggenau | Domestic steam extraction hood with variable fan - has motor coupled via speed selection switch to differing transformer tap-off terminals |
EP0113735A1 (en) * | 1982-07-13 | 1984-07-25 | Arid Patent Ag | Method and device for controlling the rotation speed of a pump driving asynchronous motor. |
DE3518072A1 (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1986-01-02 | Ferruccio Pennabilli Pesaro Belli | Device for the gradual adjustment of the drive torque and of the rotation speed of the shaft of a three-phase asynchronous motor for transporting considerable masses in the horizontal direction or in the rotation direction |
-
1991
- 1991-03-22 DE DE4109510A patent/DE4109510A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH114824A (en) * | 1925-02-05 | 1926-04-16 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Device for increasing the number of stages in regulating transformers for AC vehicles. |
DE2943073A1 (en) * | 1979-10-25 | 1981-05-27 | Gaggenau-Werke Haus- Und Lufttechnik Gmbh, 7560 Gaggenau | Domestic steam extraction hood with variable fan - has motor coupled via speed selection switch to differing transformer tap-off terminals |
EP0113735A1 (en) * | 1982-07-13 | 1984-07-25 | Arid Patent Ag | Method and device for controlling the rotation speed of a pump driving asynchronous motor. |
DE3518072A1 (en) * | 1984-06-20 | 1986-01-02 | Ferruccio Pennabilli Pesaro Belli | Device for the gradual adjustment of the drive torque and of the rotation speed of the shaft of a three-phase asynchronous motor for transporting considerable masses in the horizontal direction or in the rotation direction |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
Knuth, MÜLLER: "Elektronische Motorschütze" in "Elektrische Ausrüstung", H.2, 1973, S.29-32 * |
MEYER zur HEIDE: "Feinstufiges Einstellen elektrischer Widerstände" in "ETZ-B", 1962, H.2, S.32-35 * |
WESSEL: "Der Triac als Schalter beim Dreh- strommotor", in: "Der Elektromeister + Deutsches Elektrohandwerk", 1974, H.11, S.878-879 * |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4310635A1 (en) * | 1993-04-01 | 1993-09-02 | Simmank Wilfried Dipl Ing Fh | AC voltage semiconductor changeover switch - acts as on=off switch via contacts of relay switched only when no current flows |
EP1341295A1 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-03 | Jakob, Karl, Dipl.-Ing.(FH) | Power supply circuit for a three-phase motor |
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8122 | Nonbinding interest in granting licences declared | ||
AG | Has addition no. |
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