DE410444C - Electromagnetic control for the injection device of internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN EMPIRE

ISSUED
ON MARCH 9, 1925

REICH PATENT OFFICE

PATENT LETTERING

Vr 410444 CLASS 46 b GROUP

(R ₅₇₉ I ₃ H ₄ Ob)

Louis Renault in Billancourt, Seine, France.

The invention relates to electromagnetic controls for the injector of internal combustion engines. According to the invention, an electromagnet should be used for this control is provided with two different windings known per se, of which the one is an ordinary excitation winding while the second is a winding whose Self-induction can be neglected and its flow that of the excitation winding is opposite, for the purpose of enabling rapid and sudden injection, wherein the retrieval of the anchor in a known manner by a spring or a second electromagnet can be effected.

In the drawing, Figs. 1 to 6 are schematic views of the electromagnetic Device and Figs. 7 to 10 relate to their application to internal combustion engines.

Fig. Ι shows the electromagnet. The magnetic part 1 made of peeled iron

with three arms is excited by the round or rectangular coil 2 and pulls under " compress the springs 3 to the movable armature 4 on which the to be driven Rod 5 is attached. Every time the coil 2 is energized, the rod 5 is attracted and as soon as the current is interrupted, the rod 5 returns to its original position under the action of the springs 3 return.

It is necessary that each rod 5 during precisely measured times and in very precise Is actuated in a few moments. The length of the stroke of each rod must be complete and the frequency of opening and closing must be very increased.

It is clear that to the extent that the speed of the motor in the case of application of the invention on a motor increases, the operation of each coil becomes more and more poor due to the influence the self-induction of the winding and the generated counter electromotive force. Under these circumstances one has to decrease the time constant in order to try to get a to achieve as immediate a result as possible and for this purpose a resistor in series to switch with the coil. This resistance must be about five to six times the value of the resistance of the coil, resulting in a mediocre result, too extensive Investment and poor performance.

By means of the device forming the subject of the invention, the immediate Functioning of the electromagnet can be achieved. The invention consists in that one changes the current in the circuit of the electromagnet makes it very weak, regardless of whether the moving part is attracted will or not.

Fig. 2 schematically illustrates at 6 an armature made of peeled or unskilled iron, which is energized by a coil 7 which is arranged in shunt with the terminals of the electrical power source. As soon as the electromagnet is excited, the piece 8 firmly connected to the rod 5 to be driven is attracted and the springs 9 are compressed. 'The lines of force of the follow through the' specified, arrow 10 direction. Between the i is two ends of the electromagnet, a line circuit which is formed of one or more spirals ί applied ^to: the ends 11 and 12 open.

This conduction circuit has a self-induction, which can be neglected can. From this it follows that, in order to detach the movable piece S (Fig. 3), it is sufficient since the current constantly passes through the coil 7, a current flows into the line 11, 12 send, which generates a flow 13 opposite to flow 10.

Fig. 4, in which the moving parts of the

Electromagnets are not illustrated to facilitate reading of the schematic,

. shows, for example, a practical version of the drive for a motor with two cylinders. At the terminals of the electricity; source 14, the two coils 7 are energized in shunt. The two coils 11, 12 ■ are alternately excited by the contacts 15, 16, which are provided with counter springs 18, 19.

Under the influence of a thumb 20, which rotates about an axis 21, the contacts 15, 16 are alternately closed, and it is clear that depending on the outline of the Thumbs up the production and duration of the current in the circuits 11, 12 with each desired accuracy can be regulated, from which a flawless function, kidneys of the organs driven by the electromagnets.

.. W ^T hen to this Figure 4 to the Figure 7 compares in which the attracted by the electromagnet rod 5 the inlet; regulates the fuel in the combustion chamber, so you can see that the advance or retardation of the inlet by; set the drive thumb 20 of the contacts j τ5, 16 on its axis 21 can be achieved.

It is clear that it works at both high and low speed will be a good one because the current in the coils 7, which have a strong self-induction, remains constant, the flow changes very little in the circuits and the Coils 11, 12 have a self-induction, which can be completely neglected. One wishes instead of the instantaneous If one of the drives functions delayed, one only needs in 'the circuit of the coil 11, 12 that this Drive corresponds to switching on a self-induction coil 22 (Fig. 5), if desired can be variable.

This arrangement can also be useful when looking to suppress the return springs for the movable pieces 8 envisages, and in particular for driving the Fuel feed pumps. It will be of interest that the suction stroke in takes place for a relatively long time, while the injection is as instantaneous as possible must take place.

So you can suppress the springs and the moving part entirely through a Control electrical equipment (Fig. 6). That

attached to the rod to be driven, which is not illustrated in this figure Piece 8 is attracted by the electromagnet 23 or 24, depending on the one by the Current supplied to source 14 and distributed by thumb 20 to contacts 15, 16 alternately is sent into the coils 25 and 26 without self-induction.

As already mentioned above, the tightening can be slower for a while let go than the other time you put a self inductor in the circuit one of the two coils 25 or 26 turns on.

The electrical source 14 can be a storage battery which enables the electromagnet circuit to be energized at the moment the engine is started. This battery can be kept charged by a junction from the main line if the engine is in an electric one Headquarters is set up.

If it is an isolated motor of a land or sea installation, the motor receives a small dynamo that not only feeds the battery, but also for the Can be used to illuminate the engine room, or to illuminate the vehicle, if the engine is on a motor vehicle or the like.

The electromagnetic drive described above can be used on all types of internal combustion engines can be used when it is a question of the drive of the piston, which has previously been driven by a volute Pump expels fuel introduced into a small space near the combustion chamber; or if it is the drive a volumetric pump that feeds the fuel under pressure Injection needle feeds; or finally, when it comes to driving a pump which supplies the liquid under pressure to an injection nozzle of the usual type.

The electromagnetic drive can be used to drive the injection needles of diesel engines Used as a replacement for 'the mechanical drives that have been customary up to now.

Over the given in the above Examples can also, without departing from the scope of the invention to use the electromagnetic drive for actuating each injector, has zuf EADERSHIP pump the \ olumetrische fuel or not, or for the actuation of fuel feed pump. Finally, the device can also be used to drive organs which require instantaneous actuation, since the invention is not limited to use in internal combustion engines. The following are the special . Application examples are explained using Figs. 7 to 10.

Fig. 7 illustrates the application of the new device to an engine with a so-called open nozzle. The fuel is by a volumetric pump 27 in a; small room 28 near the combustion chamber

'mer 29 led. This pump feeds the Fuel during the period when no or

j there is little pressure in the cylinder.

! Injection is effected by a piston 30 which is in the raised position

: is held by the current that is constantly passing through the electromagnet 6. This piston 30, which forms a hammer, is to a certain extent reinforced by the electromagnet 6. If the current goes into the coil 11, 12, the attraction of the piece 8 stops immediately and the hammer 30 falls violently under the action of the spring 31. Of the Fuel in space 28 is atomized under the impact and penetrates the openings 32 into the combustion chamber 29. These openings can be formed by holes made in the piece 33 are drilled in, or better still, to facilitate use, through grooves in the Periphery of a piece 34 firmly connected to 33. The openings can go vertically or be inclined towards a generatrix of the piece 34 or else helically facilitate swirling and distribution in the combustion chamber.

The mechanical inlet drives are replaced by the subject matter of the invention forming magnetic drive that enables immediate effects; a thumb wave will still be necessary to drive the volumetric fuel supply pumps, and the shaft 35 for the thumbs can carry the current distributor for the coils 11, 12. Fig. 8 illustrates the application of the magnetic drive to a motor that is driven by an injection pump with a closed nozzle is fed.

The electrical device illustrated schematically in Fig. 3 drives the fuel supply pump here at. As before, it is electrically reinforced by interrupting the no current going into the coils, 12. That simultaneous kickback and injection takes place through the spring 31.

The pressurized fuel arrives in the chamber 36, which is closed in its lower part by the needle tip 37. The needle is held in its seat by a spring 38 which can be adjusted by moving the nut 39, which clamps intermediate wedges 40 in place. The regulating screw 41 limits the stroke of the needle.
The fuel is in the pipe and in

the chamber 36 is compressed by the piston 42 under the action of the spring 31. This effect takes place momentarily at the moment when the current goes into the coil 11, 12. The pressure then decreases in the Chamber 36 closes until needle 37 rises, putting more pressure on the fuel is called the pressure of the spring 38. The fuel then passes through the channel 43 and the diffuser 44 into the combustion chamber. By regulating the spring 38 can regulate the inlet pressure. The amount of fuel imported is determined by a Device regulated that limits the stroke of the KoI-ben 42.

Before the suction, the piece 45 rests on the stop 46; at the moment of dressing of the piece 8 by the electromagnet, the collar 47 rests on a Hebei 48, which is regulated in its position by a drive that is by hand or can be operated by the regulator of the motor, if it has one. In this Motor, there is no drive shaft for the pumps, as the latter is magnetic to the same Time driven where the injection takes place, which is automatic and adjustable going on.

It is clear that the arrangement of the electromagnets in the lower part of the with the cylinders connected fuel pumps is not mandatory; the same could also be attached in the upper part, in which Fall the pump 180 degrees around the axis of the Line is rotated. The pump axis can then approximate the axis of the injection needle be.

The power distributor for the coils 11, 12

is at any point on the engine

4.0 installed near the generator. This distributor is adjusted on its axis to to achieve an advance.

Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of the device according to Fig. 8, in which the adjustable Injection needle is replaced by an ordinary injection nozzle with constant inlet pressure.

Figure 10 illustrates the application of the magnetic device to drive an injection needle of a diesel engine. The needle 49 is constantly held in its seat by a spring 31. The fuel is fed into the chamber 50 by a volumetric pump 52, which can be regulated analogously to the pump in FIG. 8 and whose output can be regulated in the same way. The drive of the pump may be mechanical [cally or electrically. If it is an electric drive, one can consider the magnetically controlled suction and the recoil by a released spring or the recoil can be caused by a second electromagnet. The compressed air reaches 51 above the fuel present. At this moment the needle rests in its seat and the injection takes place when the piece 8 attached to the needle is attracted by the electromagnet 6, ie when the current ceases to go into the coil 11, 12.

By means of the magnetic drive forming the subject of the invention, one can In other words, the injection needles and, if desired, the fuel pumps of a diesel engine actuate.

In the application examples according to Fig. 7 to 10, the magnetic device is according to Fig. 3 is used, the second example using a spring that pulls through when attracted the electromagnet is compressed and released when the current goes into the coils 11, 12 goes.

You can replace this spring with a second electromagnet in all cases, the with the first en is identical; the driven piece 8 is then alternately of the both electromagnets attracted (Fig. 6). In the case of the volumetric drive and injection pumps can be the attraction of the solenoid causing the suction slow down by switching on a resistor in the circuit 11, 12 and maintains the device without self-induction which guarantees the immediate effect for the injection time.

Claims (1)

Patent claim: Electromagnetic control for the injection device of internal combustion engines, characterized by the arrangement of an electromagnet with two different windings, known per se, of which one (7) is an ordinary excitation winding, while the second (11, 12) is a winding whose self-induction is neglected and the flow of which is opposite to that of the excitation winding, for the purpose of _{enabling a quick and sudden n 0} injection, the armature being brought back in a known manner by a spring or a second electromagnet. 1 sheet of drawings.