DE4027706C2 - Non-contact electric drive for wheel-bound vehicles - Google Patents

Non-contact electric drive for wheel-bound vehicles

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Publication number
DE4027706C2
DE4027706C2 DE4027706A DE4027706A DE4027706C2 DE 4027706 C2 DE4027706 C2 DE 4027706C2 DE 4027706 A DE4027706 A DE 4027706A DE 4027706 A DE4027706 A DE 4027706A DE 4027706 C2 DE4027706 C2 DE 4027706C2
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Germany
Prior art keywords
wheel
vehicles
electric drive
vehicle
secondary part
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DE4027706A
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German (de)
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DE4027706A1 (en
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Klaus Prof Dr Ing Hofer
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Individual
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B60L15/2009—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
    • B60L7/14—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
    • H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
    • H02K41/025—Asynchronous motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/14—Structural association with mechanical loads, e.g. with hand-held machine tools or fans
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0038—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor moving together with the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K2007/0092—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor axle being coaxial to the wheel axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/12—Induction machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/40—Electrical machine applications
    • B60L2220/44—Wheel Hub motors, i.e. integrated in the wheel hub
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/50—Structural details of electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/28—Four wheel or all wheel drive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen berührungslosen Elektroantrieb für radgebundene Fahrzeuge nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches, wie er aus der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift 30 42 497 bekannt ist.The invention relates to a contactless electric drive for wheel-bound vehicles according to the preamble of the claim, as it is known from German Offenlegungsschrift 30 42 497.

Bei diesem bekannten Elektroantrieb ist das Primärteil Bestandteil des Rades und das Sekundärteil mit radialem Luftspalt befestigt. Daraus resultiert, daß die elektrische Energiezufuhr über Stromkabel durch einen Achsstummel in das Rad hinein erfolgen muß. Primär- und Sekundärteil sind Bestandteile des Rades und erhöhen somit die zu dämpfenden Massen. Hinzu kommen mechanische Stabilitätsprobleme der einseitig aufgebauten Felge, so daß wegen des radialen Luftspalts ein großer Abstand erforderlich wird, der wiederum nur ein geringes Leistungsgewicht des Motors zuläßt.In this known electric drive the primary part of the wheel and the secondary part with radial Air gap attached. This results, that the electrical energy supply via power cables through a stub axle in that Wheel must be done. Primary and The secondary part is part of the wheel and thus increase those to be damped Masses. There are also mechanical stability problems the one-sided Rim so that because of the radial air gap a large distance is required which in turn is only a minor one Power-to-weight ratio of the engine.

Der Antrieb von Fahrzeugen mit Elektromotoren ist seit einer Viel­ zahl von Jahren bekannt. In Elektrofahrzeugen kann auf Kupplungen, Getriebe und Anlasser verzichtet werden, sie sind jederzeit voll betriebsbereit und arbeiten umweltfreundlich ohne Abgase und Lärm. Darüber hinaus können Elektrofahrzeuge nicht nur motorisch be­ schleunigen, sondern auch generatorisch bremsen; wodurch sich gute Wirkungsgrade erzielen lassen. Aus diesem Grunde muß neben der elektrischen Maschine ein Stromrichterstellglied und die erforder­ liche Regelelektronik sowie ein elektrischer Energiespeicher vorhanden sein. Ferner ist es bereits bekannt, rotierende Elektro­ antriebe durch lineare Elektroantriebe, sogenannte Linearantriebe (Luda, G. Drehstrom- Asynchron- Linearantriebe, Vogel- Verlag, Würzburg, 1981, Seiten 30 bis 33, und Budig, P.K.: Drehstromlinearmotoren, Hüthig- Verlag, Heidelberg, 1978, Seiten 121 bis 135) in spurgebundenen Fahrzeugen zu erset­ zen. Um hohe Schubkräfte mit Linearantrieben zu erzielen, muß ins­ besondere der Luftspalt des Linearmotors möglichst klein gewählt werden und über der gesamten Fahrstrecke konstant sein. Die Kraft­ übertragung erfolgt bei diesen Linearfahrzeugen berührungslos zwi­ schen dem Fahrzeug und der Fahrbahn.The drive of vehicles with electric motors has been a lot number of years known. In electric vehicles, clutches, Gears and starters are dispensed with, they are always full ready for operation and work in an environmentally friendly manner without exhaust gases and noise. In addition, electric vehicles can not only be motorized accelerate, but also regenerative braking; making good ones Let efficiency be achieved. For this reason, in addition to the electrical machine a converter actuator and the required control electronics and an electrical energy storage to be available. Furthermore, it is already known rotating electric drives by linear electric drives, so-called linear drives (Luda, G. Three-phase asynchronous linear drives, Vogel Verlag, Würzburg, 1981, pages 30 to 33, and Budig, P.K .: three-phase linear motors, Hüthig- Verlag, Heidelberg, 1978, pages 121 to 135) in track-bound vehicles Zen. In order to achieve high thrust forces with linear drives, ins in particular, the air gap of the linear motor is chosen to be as small as possible and will be constant over the entire route. The power In these linear vehicles, transmission takes place without contact between between the vehicle and the road.

Ein Nachteil bei den bekannten Varianten von Linearantrieben in Fahrzeugen ist darin zu sehen, daß im Interesse eines kleinen und konstanten Luftspaltes eine aufwendige Führung zwischen dem Primärteil und dem Sekundärteil des Linearmotors erforderlich ist, wodurch die Einsatzmöglichkeiten auf spurgebundene Fahrzeuge beschränkt sind. Hinzu kommt, daß entweder das Primärteil oder das Sekundärteil in der Fahrbahn untergebracht werden muß und dessen Länge besitzen muß, was mit einem hohen Arbeits- und Materialauf­ wand verbunden ist.A disadvantage with the known variants of linear drives in Vehicles can be seen in the interest of a small and constant air gap an elaborate guide between the Primary part and the secondary part of the linear motor is required, which means that it can be used on track-bound vehicles are limited. In addition, either the primary part or the Secondary part must be accommodated in the road and its Must have length, what with a high labor and material wall is connected.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen berührungslosen Elektroantrieb für radgebundene Fahrzeuge zu schaf­ fen, welcher einfach in der Luftspaltführung, gering im Material­ aufwand, sowie zuverlässig und genau in der Wirkungsweise ist und der sowohl in spurgebundenen als auch spurungebundenen Fahrzeugen auf Rädern zur berührungslosen Kraftübertragung eingesetzt werden kann.The invention has for its object a non-contact Electric drive for wheel-bound Sheep vehicles fen, which is easy in the air gap guide, low in material effort, as well as being reliable and precise in its mode of action, and that in both track-bound and track-bound vehicles can be used on wheels for contactless power transmission can.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsmäßig durch die im Patentanspruch angegebenen Merkmale gelöst.This object is inventively by the in claim specified features solved.

Die mit der Erfindung erzielten Vorteile in radgebundenen Fahr­ zeugen bestehen insbesondere darin, daß statt mechanischer Verbin­ dungen zur Kraftübertragung ein magnetisches Feld direkt im Rad eine Schubkraft berührungslos erzeugt und daß der Materialaufwand äußerst gering ist. Eine Beschränkung auf Fahrzeuge mit fester Spurführung besteht nicht, weshalb ein Einsatz in allen Fahrzeu­ gen, welche auf Rädern bewegt werden, erfolgen kann. Besondere An­ forderungen an die Ausgestaltung der Fahrbahn gibt es nicht. Hinzu kommt, daß sich der berührungslose Elektroantrieb im abgeschalte­ ten Zustand vollkommen neutral verhält.The advantages achieved with the invention in wheel-bound  Driving Witness in particular are that instead of mechanical connection magnetic field directly in the wheel generates a thrust without contact and that the cost of materials is extremely low. A restriction to vehicles with fixed Lane guidance does not exist, which is why it is used in all vehicles conditions that can be moved on wheels. Special An there are no requirements for the design of the road. In addition comes that the contactless electric drive in the switched off behaves completely neutral.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung darge­ stellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing represents and is described in more detail below.

Es zeigtIt shows

Fig. 1 Prinzipieller Aufbau eines berührungslosen Elektroantriebs in einem Fahrzeug auf Rädern, Fig. 1 Basic structure of a noncontact electric drive in a vehicle on wheels,

Fig. 2 Perspektivische Darstellung des Primärteils und Sekundär­ teils zur berührungslosen Kraftübertragung. Fig. 2 perspective view of the primary part and secondary part for contactless power transmission.

Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte berührungslose Elektroantrieb für radgebun­ dene Fahrzeuge gehört mit seiner Sekundärseite zum Rad- Fahrbahn- System A und mit seiner Primärseite zum Aufbau B des Fahrzeuges. Das Sekundärteil (1) und das Primärteil (2) dienen der berührungs­ losen Erzeugung einer Schubkraft, der Stromrichter (3) und der elektrische Energiespeicher (5) stellen die erforderliche Leistung für den am Sollwertgeber (4) eingestellten Betriebszustand zur Verfügung. Über eine Ladestation (6) kann der Energiespeicher des Fahrzeugs während längerer Fahrpausen wieder aus dem ortsfesten, öffentlichen Netz (C) aufgeladen werden.The contactless electric drive for radgebun shown vehicles in Fig. 1 belongs with its secondary side to the wheel-road system A and with its primary side to the body B of the vehicle. The secondary part ( 1 ) and the primary part ( 2 ) are used for the contactless generation of thrust, the power converter ( 3 ) and the electrical energy store ( 5 ) provide the required power for the operating state set on the setpoint generator ( 4 ). The energy storage device of the vehicle can be recharged from the fixed, public network (C) via a charging station ( 6 ) during longer breaks.

Nach der vorliegenden Erfindung wird somit ein elektrisches An­ triebssystem mit magnetfeldorientierter Kraftbildung in Fahrzeug­ rädern geschaffen, welches ohne mechanische Zwischenstufen aus­ kommt und in allen Fahrzeugen mit einem oder mehreren Rädern ein­ gesetzt werden kann. Das ringförmige Sekundärteil (1) ist konzen­ trisch an der Fahrzeugfelge befestigt bzw. in die Felge inte­ griert. Es bildet den magnetischen Rückschluß des Motors und sollte zur Vermeidung von Wirbelströmen aus geblechtem Eisen auf­ gebaut sein. Die Kombination eines Eisenrings mit einem Aluminium­ ring bzw. einem Kupferring garantiert hohe Schubkräfte bei asyn­ chronem Verhalten des Antriebs. Das Primärteil dient der Erzeugung eines magnetischen Wanderfeldes im kreisförmigen Luftspalt. Zu diesem Zwecke ist das kammförmige Blechpaket im Radius des Sekun­ därteils gekrümmt. In die Nuten ist eine Drehstromwicklung, welche zur optimalen Ausnutzung mit halbbewickelten Endpolen und un­ gerader Polpaarzahl ausgeführt sein sollte, eingelegt. Eine dop­ pelseitige Anordnung zweier Primärteile bewirkt eine deutliche Er­ höhung der Schubkraft. Ein nachgeschalteter Stromrichter (3) wan­ delt die feste Gleichspannung des elektrischen Energiespeichers um in ein variables Drehspannungssystem, wodurch ein hoher Wirkungs­ grad garantiert ist. Je nach den Erfordernissen kann der Strom­ richter für ein, zwei oder vier Quadrantenbetrieb ausgelegt wer­ den. Über einen Sollwertgeber (4) werden der Steuer- und Regel­ elektronik des Stromrichters der gewünschte Betriebszustand vor­ gegeben. Der fahrzeugfeste Energiespeicher (5) stellt zum einen die im Fahrbetrieb erforderliche Energie bereit und nimmt zum an­ deren die im Bremsbetrieb erzeugte Energie auf. Die Kapazität des Energiespeichers wird von der mittleren Leistungsabgabe und der maximalen Fahrdauer festgelegt. Während längerer Fahrpausen kann der Energiespeicher über eine Ladestation (6) direkt aus dem öf­ fentlichen Netz wieder aufgeladen werden. Die Ladestation ist für große Ladeleistungen ortsfest und für kleine Leistungen fahrzeug­ fest vorgesehen. Der Energiespeicher kann für den Fall entfallen, daß das öffentliche Wechsel- oder Drehstromnetz auch während der Fahrt zur Verfügung steht. Als Stromrichter genügt dann ein einfa­ cher Drehstromsteller.According to the present invention, an electric drive system with magnetic field-oriented force formation in vehicle wheels is thus created, which does not require any mechanical intermediate stages and can be used in all vehicles with one or more wheels. The annular secondary part ( 1 ) is concentrically attached to the vehicle rim or integrated into the rim. It forms the magnetic yoke of the motor and should be made of sheet iron to avoid eddy currents. The combination of an iron ring with an aluminum ring or a copper ring guarantees high thrust with asynchronous behavior of the drive. The primary part is used to generate a magnetic traveling field in a circular air gap. For this purpose, the comb-shaped laminated core is curved in the radius of the secondary part. A three-phase winding, which should be designed for optimum utilization with half-wound end poles and an even number of pole pairs, is inserted in the slots. A double-sided arrangement of two primary parts causes a significant increase in thrust. A downstream converter ( 3 ) converts the fixed DC voltage of the electrical energy store into a variable three-phase voltage system, which guarantees a high degree of efficiency. Depending on the requirements, the converter can be designed for one, two or four quadrant operation. The control and regulating electronics of the converter are given the desired operating state via a setpoint generator ( 4 ). The vehicle-mounted energy store ( 5 ) firstly provides the energy required during driving and secondly absorbs the energy generated during braking. The capacity of the energy store is determined by the average power output and the maximum driving time. During longer breaks, the energy store can be recharged directly from the public network via a charging station ( 6 ). The charging station is fixed for large charging capacities and vehicle for small capacities. The energy store can be omitted in the event that the public AC or three-phase network is also available while driving. A simple three-phase controller is then sufficient as the converter.

Fig. 2 zeigt die perspektivische Darstellung des Motorteils anhand eines gebräuchlichen Ausführungsbeispiels. Das Primärteil ist ein in Längsrichtung geblechtes Eisenpaket, welches in seinen Nuten eine Drehstromwicklung trägt und mit dem Rahmen des Fahrzeuges so verbunden ist, daß ein möglichst kleiner Luftspalt einjustiert werden kann. Das Sekundärteil ist Bestandteil der Felge und setzt sich aus einem Doppelring aus Eisen und Kupfer zusammen. Um Korro­ sionsprobleme zu verhindern, ist der Eisenring innerhalb der Felge angebracht. Werden sämtliche Räder eines Fahrzeuges mit einem Pri­ mär- und Sekundärteil ausgestattet und aus einem gemeinsamen Stromrichter gespeist, so liegt über die elektrische Welle (Fre­ quenz) ein berührungsloser Allradantrieb vor. Fig. 2 shows the perspective view of the motor part based on a common embodiment. The primary part is an iron package that is laminated in the longitudinal direction, which carries a three-phase winding in its grooves and is connected to the frame of the vehicle in such a way that the smallest possible air gap can be adjusted. The secondary part is part of the rim and consists of a double ring made of iron and copper. To prevent corrosion problems, the iron ring is installed inside the rim. If all wheels of a vehicle are equipped with a primary and secondary part and fed from a common converter, then there is a contactless all-wheel drive via the electrical shaft (frequency).

Ein erfindungsgemäßer berührungsloser Elektroantrieb für radgebun­ dene Fahrzeuge, der durch magnetische Schubkrafterzeugung in den Rädern mechanische Kraftverbindungen überflüssig macht, bereitet in der Realisierung und beim Einsatz in Fahrzeugen keine Schwie­ rigkeiten. Der Materialaufwand ist äußerst gering. Die Verwen­ dungsmöglichkeiten sind wesentlich vielseitiger als bei Fahrzeugen mit spurgebundenen Linearantrieben. Dies bedeutet ferner, daß beim Einsatz des berührungslosen Elektroantriebs in Straßenfahrzeugen auf spezielle Anforderungen an die Ausgestaltung der Fahrbahn ver­ zichtet werden kann. Es versteht sich von selbst, daß der berüh­ rungslose Elektroantrieb in Kraftfahrzeugen auch parallel zum Ver­ brennungsmotor als Hilfsantrieb für den Stop and Go Betrieb und im Stadtverkehr sowie als elektrische Nutzbremse zur Verbesserung des Gesamtwirkungsgrades vorteilhaft eingesetzt werden kann. Im Falle von Zweirädern eröffnet die Möglichkeit des Allradantriebs neue Perspektiven. Der Einbau des berührungslosen Elektroantriebs kann z. B. in Fahrrädern auch noch nachträglich problemlos erfolgen.An inventive contactless electric drive for wheelbun vehicles that are generated by magnetic thrust generation in the Makes mechanical power connections unnecessary no problems in the implementation and use in vehicles difficulties. The cost of materials is extremely low. The use Possible applications are much more versatile than with vehicles with track-bound linear drives. This also means that when Use of the contactless electric drive in road vehicles ver on special requirements for the design of the road can be waived. It goes without saying that the touch smooth electric drive in motor vehicles also parallel to Ver internal combustion engine as auxiliary drive for stop and go operation and in City traffic and as an electric brake to improve the Overall efficiency can be used advantageously. In the event of The possibility of four-wheel drive opens up new possibilities for two-wheelers Perspectives. The installation of the contactless electric drive can e.g. B. in bicycles can also be done retrospectively without any problems.

Claims (1)

Berührungsloser Elektroantrieb für radgebundene Fahrzeuge mit einem Linearantrieb, bei welchem zur Kraftübertragung vom Fahrzeug auf das jeweilige Rad ein magnetisches Feld verwendet ist, der ein ringförmiges Sekundärteil, welches konzentrisch an der Felge des Fahrzeugrades befestigt ist, und ein ringförmiges Primärteil aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Linearantrieb eine asynchrone Drehstrommaschine mit Kurzstator ist,
daß das Primärteil entsprechend dem Radius des Sekundärteils gekrümmt und mit dem Fahrzeugrahmen starr verbunden ist und
daß zwischen dem Sekundärteil und dem Primärteil ein axialer Luftspalt ausgebildet ist.Non-contact electric drive for wheel-bound vehicles with a linear drive, in which a magnetic field is used for power transmission from the vehicle to the respective wheel, which has an annular secondary part, which is concentrically attached to the rim of the vehicle wheel, and an annular primary part, characterized in that
that the linear drive is an asynchronous three-phase machine with a short stator,
that the primary part is curved according to the radius of the secondary part and rigidly connected to the vehicle frame and
that an axial air gap is formed between the secondary part and the primary part.
DE4027706A 1990-08-31 1990-08-31 Non-contact electric drive for wheel-bound vehicles Expired - Fee Related DE4027706C2 (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4027706A DE4027706C2 (en) 1990-08-31 1990-08-31 Non-contact electric drive for wheel-bound vehicles

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4027706A DE4027706C2 (en) 1990-08-31 1990-08-31 Non-contact electric drive for wheel-bound vehicles

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DE4027706C2 true DE4027706C2 (en) 1994-07-14

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4319202A1 (en) * 1993-06-09 1994-12-15 Udo Schindler Auxiliary drive for a motor cycle by means of a three-phase asynchronous linear motor
FR2713997B1 (en) * 1993-12-16 1996-02-02 Cibie Pierre Electromagnetic speed change device for motor vehicles.
DE4406481C3 (en) * 1994-02-28 2002-04-25 Isad Electronic Sys Gmbh & Co Starter for drive units, especially internal combustion engines
DE4419780C2 (en) * 1994-06-06 1996-08-08 Friedrich Waltermann Annular stator for electrodynamic lathe
CA2448093C (en) * 2001-05-23 2010-08-10 Bryan P. Prucher Motor in wheel electric drive system
DE102014219368A1 (en) * 2014-09-25 2016-03-31 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Drive unit for a motor vehicle with a linear motor

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DE3042497A1 (en) * 1980-11-11 1982-07-29 Magnet Bahn Gmbh Electric drive or generator with permanent magnet rotor - has sensor for switching stator current conductors at correct relative position

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